国内外污泥的处理与处置技术

未经处理的污泥造成的二次污染越来越受到人们的重视，通过系统介绍了目前国内外污泥处理处置技术的一些现状，对各种污泥处理处置方法进行了比较，并在此基础上提出污泥资源化的一些途径．     

污泥龄对剩余污泥减量化的影响

为了解决污水厂生化系统剩余污泥产量过多的问题,采用延长污泥龄(SRT)的方法,对剩余污泥减量化的影响进行了研究。实验得知:污泥龄由8d增至16d时,污泥表观产率系数下降28.53%,而污泥龄由8d增至24d时,污泥表观产率系数下降51.12%。污泥龄的延长对CODCr的去除能力没有明显的影响,但使出水NH3-N浓度和TP浓度均升高,通过调整碳氮磷源的比例降低出水NH3-N和TP浓度。实验结果表明:SRT的延长,不仅降低活性污泥工艺中的剩余污泥的产量,同时还能降低处理与处置的费用,有发展前景,值得深入研究。     

城市污泥的处理技术及资源化展望

本文讨论了国内外污泥处理的现状，并对目前各种污泥处理方法进行了比较，在此基础上提出污泥资源化的一些途径，认为污泥资源化将是我国污泥处理的主要发展方向。     

西安市生活污水厂污泥中重金属特性及再利用风险评价

通过评价西安市污水厂污泥理化性质、重金属含量和潜在生态风险,探究污泥再利用的可行性.分析了西安市7个具有代表性的生活污水处理厂污泥的基本理化性质和6种重金属(Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Cd和Zn)在不同时期的含量变化,并对污泥再利用做了可行性评价和潜在风险评价.结果 表明,各污水厂污泥除XA3污水厂Cd未达标外,其余污水...     

污泥停留时间对污泥减量化的影响

污泥停留时间不但决定系统剩余污泥的排放量,还直接影响到污泥的絮凝沉降性能及活性等。由实验可知:污泥停留时间延长,可导致微生物缺乏营养,减少污泥产生量;从而导致SVI升高,污泥负荷降低。因此,延长污泥停留时间减少剩余污泥量,可以节省尿素和KH2PO4投入量,从经济上节省运行成本。     

UASB反应器系统中颗粒污泥的研究进展

本文综述了上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器系统中颗粒污泥的形态特征;化学组成;微生物学组成以及颗粒结构;颗粒污泥的形成机理;颗粒污泥的培养条件以及污泥颗粒化的影响因素等方面的最新研究进展。     

干化污泥造粒对垃圾焚烧厂协同焚烧的影响研究

以某生活垃圾焚烧发电厂协同焚烧干化市政污泥作为研究对象,对干化污泥造粒后的性状进行了分析,对比研究了干化污泥造粒前后对垃圾库管理、锅炉效率、锅炉温度、烟气净化系统及飞灰产量的影响。对比结果表明:通过造粒粉状干化污泥生成直径5～8mm、长度30～50mm的污泥颗粒,有效的避免了运输及垃圾库的扬尘;其次,锅炉效率提高了7. 7%,锅炉升温速率减缓,锅炉的积灰结焦得到了有效控制;同时,烟气净化系统中消石灰的耗量降低了8. 9%,SO_2的排放浓度明显下降,飞灰产量由2. 8%降到2. 3%。研究结果显示污泥造粒后送入焚烧厂掺烧对焚烧系统的运行稳定性及经济性极其有利,为焚烧厂协同焚烧污泥提供了运行经验及合理化方案。     

水力条件对CANON工艺颗粒污泥特性的影响研究

为实现自养生物脱氮，采用膨胀颗粒污泥床小试反应器(R1～R3)培养全程自养脱氮工艺(Completely Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal Over Nitrite, CANON)颗粒污泥，考察了不同上升流速、水力剪切力和溶解氧浓度下CANON颗粒污泥浓度和粒径的变化规律。结果表明：系统稳定后，污泥浓度呈现出R2>R1>R3,R1、R2成功实现CANON颗粒污泥启动，并且实现了颗粒化，而R3中较高的上升流速、水力剪切力导致系统内污泥易碎裂从而洗出系统，导致R3未能启动成功。     

污泥减量热解机热解焚烧技术概述

针对目前我国城市污水处理厂产生大量污泥,二次污染现象日益严重的状况,阐述了污泥的性质特点及主要处理处置方法,介绍并分析了污泥减量热解机热解焚烧技术的工作原理、工作流程、技术特点,以及污泥热解处理系统的主要设备。     

Reduction of copper(II) by iron(II)

Laboratory and field investigations have clearly demonstrated the important role of reduced iron (Fe(II)) in reductive transformations of first-row transition metal species. However, interactions of Fe(II) and copper (Cu) are not clearly understood. This study examined the reduction of Cu(II) by Fe(II) in stirred-batch experiments at pH 5.2 and 5.5 as influenced by chloride (Cl-) concentration (0.002-0.1 M), initial metal concentration (0.1-9.1 mM), and reaction time (1-60 min) under anoxic conditions. Reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) by dissolved Fe(II) was rapid under all experimental conditions and the stability of the products explains the driving force for the redox reaction. Under conditions of low [Cl-] and high initial metal concentration, >40% of total Cu and Fe were removed from solution after 1 min, which accompanied formation of a brownish-red precipitate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the precipitates revealed the presence of cuprite (Cu2O), a Cu(I) mineral, based on d-spacings located at 0.248, 0.215, 0.151, and 0.129 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy corroborated XRD data for the presence of Cu2O, with features located at 518, 625, and 698 cm(-1). Increasing [Cl-] stabilized the dissolved Cu(I) product against Cu2O precipitation and resulted in more Fe precipitated from solution (relative to Cu) that appears to be present as poorly crystalline lepidocrocite (gamma-FeOOH). This process may be important in anoxic soil environments, where dissolved Fe(II) levels can accumulate.     

环境保护法规制定程序办法

国家环境保护总局令第25号《环境保护法规制定程序办法》已经2005年4月11日国家环境保护总局局务会议审议通过,现予发布,自2005年6月1日起施行。1990年3月12日国家环境保护局发布的《国家环境保护局法规性文件管理办法》同时废止。国家环境保护总局局长解振华二○○五年四月二十五日主题词:第一章总则第一条为了规范环境保护法规的制定程序,保证立法质量,根据《立法法》、《行政法规制定程序条例》、《部门规章制定程序条例》、《法规部门规章备案条例》和《全面推进依法行政实施纲要》,制定本办法。第二条本办法所称“环境保护法规”,是指…     

Effect of uranium(VI) speciation on simultaneous microbial reduction of uranium(VI) and iron(III)

Uranium is a pollutant of concern to both human and ecosystem health. Uranium's redox state often dictates whether it will reside in the aqueous or solid phase and thus plays an integral role in the mobility of uranium within the environment. In anaerobic environments, the more oxidized and mobile form of uranium (UO2(2+) and associated species) may be reduced, directly or indirectly, by microorganisms to U(IV) with subsequent precipitation of UO. However, various factors within soils and sediments, such as U(VI) speciation and the presence of competitive electron acceptors, may limit biological reduction of U(VI). Here we examine simultaneous dissimilatory reduction of Fe(III) and U(VI) in batch systems containing dissolved uranyl acetate and ferrihydrite-coated sand. Varying amounts of calcium were added to induce changes in aqueous U(VI) speciation. The amount of uranium removed from solution during 100 h of incubation with S. putrefaciens was 77% in absence of Ca or ferrihydrite, but only 24% (with ferrihydrite) and 14% (without ferrihydrite) were removed for systems with 0.8 mM Ca. Dissimilatory reduction of Fe(III) and U(VI) proceed through different enzyme pathways within one type of organism. We quantified the rate coefficients for simultaneous dissimilatory reduction of Fe(III) and U(VI) in systems varying in Ca concecentration (0-0.8 mM). The mathematical construct, implemented with the reactive transport code MIN3P, reveals predominant factors controlling rates and extent of uranium reduction in complex geochemical systems.     

From eco-management and audit (EMAS) to sustainability management and audit (SMAS)

The local authority version of the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (LA-EMAS) can already be used as a tool for managing towards sustainability. But it can also be used in a much less ambitious 'procedural' way. This article suggests how LA-EMAS could be developed more fully into a sustainability management tool embracing social issues, a concern over environmental carrying capacities, and stakeholder involvement. This raises questions which should be considered in the run-up to the review of the EMAS regulation in 1998.     

气候(温度/湿度)和力学动态(振动/冲击)组合试验

在汽车、轨道交通和空间领域都存在温度、湿度和振动或冲击的组合环境。通过实验室内受控地在参量范围内模拟环境下暴露样品进行评估。用严酷的环境参量强化试验,通常可在相对较短的时间内获得有效的结果。     

房地产交易(环境)审计--污染现场/土地环境评估

本文介绍了现今发达国家实施的房地产交易(环境)审计,以期推进房地产交易审计在国内实施。