自激振荡偏转水射流的特性研究

自激振荡偏转射流的喷嘴、振荡腔、圆弧碰撞壁、下游喷嘴和进气装置等部分组成。自激振荡偏转水射流是一种新型的射流形式,射流在脉冲振荡的同时自行横向偏转摆动。本文理论分析了自激振荡偏转射流的产生机理。实验研究表明,自激振荡偏转射流的偏转角可达９．５３°,其振荡脉冲峰值比一般自激振荡脉冲射流更加强烈、更具规律性。因此,自激振荡偏转射流大大降低了射流的水垫效应,增大了脉动效果,提高了射流的切割和破碎能力。     

不同封闭情况下T型管道中瓦斯爆炸传播规律实验研究*

为研究不同封闭情况下T型管道中瓦斯爆炸的传播规律,在90°分岔管道中进行瓦斯爆炸实验,管道封闭情况为弱封闭（双PVC薄膜弱封闭）和强封闭（直管封闭或支管封闭）。实验结果表明:在瓦斯浓度为9.5%时,管道中各点处的瓦斯爆炸压力、火焰传播速度和火焰锋面振荡幅度最大,11%次之,8%最小。T型管道中,弱封闭端瓦斯爆炸压力不断减小;火焰传播速度先缓慢增大后减小,随后又快速增大。强封闭端,瓦斯爆炸压力增大;火焰传播速度先缓慢增大后略微下降,随后快速增大后又大幅度下降,甚至出现火焰锋面振荡现象。不同封闭管道中各测点的瓦斯最大爆炸压力和火焰传播速度大小比较可知,直管封闭管道＞双PVC薄膜弱封闭管道＞支管封闭管道。     

管道氢气-空气预混气体爆炸特征的试验研究

为研究管道内氢气与空气预混气体的爆炸规律,使用尺寸为150 mm×150 mm×1000 mm的方形透明管道,通过试验观测了氢气体积分数从10%到40%的爆炸火焰形状、传播速度与压力变化规律。火焰传播与压力分别由高速摄像机与压力传感器记录测量。结果表明,爆炸火焰特征及压力变化受氢气体积分数的影响很大。火焰在管道内的最大传播速度及压力峰值随氢气体积分数增大而急剧增大。最大火焰传播速度由18.3 m/s增大到304.2 m/s,传播时间由123.5ms缩短到10.5 ms。压力峰值由2.95 k Pa增大到34.06 k Pa。当氢气体积分数为25%及以上时,火焰速度持续上升,没有出现郁金香火焰,压力波先出现短时间强烈正负压振荡,后长时间微小振荡。火焰特征、传播速度、压力变化及爆炸响声均能够很好地反映氢气爆炸的强度。     

T型管道不同封闭状态瓦斯爆燃火焰传播特征

为了研究分岔管道不同封闭状态下瓦斯爆燃火焰阵面传播规律,在自制的T型透明分岔管道内,设置支管端口完全封闭、直管左端口弱封闭,采用光电传感器和压力传感器测试了直管右端弱封闭、完全封闭2种情况下,预混甲烷-空气可燃气体爆燃火焰传播过程中速度、超压参数的变化情况。结果表明:由于分岔的存在,2种封闭状态在支管端点火后瓦斯爆燃火焰阵面在支管中的传播速度均先增大后减小;直管右端弱封闭时,经过分岔后火焰加速向直管两端传播速度基本一致,分别达到86.29 m/s和88.07 m/s;直管右端完全封闭时,火焰向弱封闭端传播速度增大至166.67 m/s,火焰向完全封闭端传播时并不断压缩未燃气体产生高压振荡反馈导致火焰振荡传播现象,火焰速度不断减小至4.84 m/s;管道内瓦斯爆燃超压均迅速上升到达峰值,之后受压缩气体的膨胀和冲击后爆燃产物的振荡作用迅速下降。     

自激振荡磨料射流的基本理论与初步试验

自激振荡磨料射流是在自激振荡脉冲射流和前混合磨料射流基础上,提出的新型射流。为此,重点讨论了自激振荡磨料射流喷嘴的结构和工作原理,分析了脉冲频率和幅值等参数对磨粒加速效果的影响。根据初步研究表明,磨粒速度受脉冲频率和幅度影响很大,磨粒速度可超过前混合磨料射流中磨粒的速度,最大钻孔速度比前混合磨料射流提高４１％ 。这一成果有望用于坚硬物料的切割和特种加工、石油钻井、大洋采矿、难采矿体的开采、坚硬岩石巷道（遂道）掘进、表面清洗等领域。     

围压作用下自振空化射流脉动特性实验研究

就围压下自振空化射流动压力特性进行了实验研究,其实验结果表明：在围压作用下,自振空化射流脉动幅度存在最优喷距,并且最优喷距随围压的增大而增大;在压降一定情况下,脉动幅度随围压的增加而减小;在围压和压降一定时,自振空化射流的最大冲击压力明显高于普通连续射流;自振空化射流的脉动频率,基本不随围压、压降和喷距的变化而变化,在本实验条件下,基本保持在１．３８ＫＨｚ 左右     

管道内瓦斯爆炸传播的试验研究

运用大型试验管道对瓦斯爆炸传播规律进行试验研究,并对瓦斯爆炸压力峰值、火焰速度和呈现时间进行分析,得出:在不出现爆轰的前提下,爆源点附近的压力峰值是全管道的最大值;爆炸压力峰值在沿管道的传播过程中从爆源点附近是先增大后减小,然后再逐渐增大且压力峰值最早呈现在出口附近;火焰传播速度随着传播距离的增大而逐渐增大且在爆炸初期增大速率更快;瓦斯浓度对爆炸压力峰值、火焰传播速度和呈现时间等都有重要影响。     

振荡辐射下PMMA 热解与着火过程研究

采用正弦波变化振荡的辐射热流,对热厚PMMA(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)的热解和着火过程进行研究,同时采用数值模拟,对实验结果进行验证和补充。结果表明,表面温度和深度温度随着时间而增加,温度由于周期性的辐射而发生振荡,而振荡幅度随着深度的增加而衰减;表面温度与深度温度振荡存在时间延迟;着火时间随着热流振荡周期的增大而减小,主要由于平均热流密度随着周期增大而增大。     

富氧条件下不同泄爆面积对CH4燃烧诱导快速相变的影响

为了研究富氧条件下不同泄爆面积对CH4燃烧诱导快速相变的影响,基于自主设计搭建的CH4燃烧诱导快速相变试验台,通过改变富氧系数和泄爆面积对CH4燃烧的压力振荡特性进行研究,分析了不同富氧系数E(0.21,0.3,0.4,0.6)及泄爆面积比(0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1)下CH4燃烧的压力峰值、到达压力峰值的时间及特征时间等参数的变化趋势。结果表明,随富氧系数增大,爆炸压力峰值逐渐增大。富氧系数E=0.21时,压力峰值低于相应的绝热压力,无压力振荡;当E=0.3时,压力峰值低于相应的绝热压力且伴随压力振荡。当E为0.4、0.6时,压力峰值高于相应绝热压力且伴随压力振荡;在泄爆条件下,随富氧系数增加,到达压力峰值的时间逐渐减小。通过分析不锈钢管道中的燃烧诱导快速相变现象,发现泄爆可以有效降低爆炸压力峰值,且随泄爆面积比增大,到达压力峰值的时间提前。     

自激振荡磨料射流的研究

本文研究了水射流的卷吸机理以及自激振荡对磨料射流的影响，提出通过自激振荡发展大涡，把磨粒粒子卷入射流束内，增大磨料的卷吸量和磨料粒子的运动速度，变连续磨料水射流为脉冲磨料水射流，改善磨料水射流的工作能力。根据实验，切割速度与连续磨料射流相比提高了２倍。     

Experimental investigation on shock waves generated by pressurized gas release through a tube

An experimental investigation on the flow structures and the strength of shock waves generated by high-pressure gas release through a tube into air was conducted. The results demonstrated that a leading shock wave was generated in front of the compressed gas jet and the shock wave speed increased firstly, then decreased and finally kept constant with an increase of the propagation distance in the tube. The experimentally measured Mach numbers of shock waves were close to those calculated from the theory of ideal shock tube flow. After spouting out of the tube, the normal shock quickly developed into a hemispherical shape. The Mach disk was observed in the under-expanded jet. For high-pressure combustible gas release, the concept of theoretical critical pressure of ignition was introduced and several theoretical critical pressures of common gaseous fuels were obtained.     

低压水射流辅助PDC刀具切削花岗岩

采用低压水射流辅助聚晶金刚石刀具车削花岗岩，采集不同切削条件下切削力的数据，分析了在水射流辅助下刀具进给量、切削深度、切削速度、水射流压力、喷射距离对切削力的影响。结果表明，在实验压力范围内，切削过程中，水射流使岩石受到冲蚀，并使微裂纹扩展，有利于岩石的切削。切削力随着水射流压力的增大而减少。     

Shock-induced ignition of hydrogen gas during accidental or technical opening of high-pressure tanks

This paper is devoted to the numerical and experimental investigation of hydrogen self-ignition as a result of the formation of a primary shock wave in front of a cold expanding hydrogen gas jet. Temperature increase, as a result of this shock wave, leads to the ignition of the hydrogen–air mixture formed on the contact surface. The required condition for hydrogen self-ignition is to maintain the high temperature in the area for a time long enough for hydrogen and air to mix and inflammation to take place.

Calculations of the self-ignition of a hydrogen jet are based on a physicochemical model involving the gas-dynamic transport of a viscous gas, the kinetics of hydrogen oxidation, the multi-component diffusion, and the heat exchange. We found that the reservoir pressure range, when a shock wave formed in the air during depressurization, has sufficient intensity to produce self-ignition of the hydrogen–air mixture formed at the front of a jet of compressed hydrogen. We present an analysis of the initial conditions (the hydrogen pressure inside the vessel, the temperature of the compressed hydrogen and the surrounding air, and the diameter of the hole through which the jet was emitted), which leads to combustion.     

电源频率对大气压氦气射流等离子体放电特性的影响

为探究大气压射流等离子体放电特性,利用同轴双环电极结构等离子体射流装置,研究电源频率、外加电压对氦气射流放电电流、起始电压、消耗功率、放电平均功率、射流长度等参数的影响规律。结果表明:放电图像在f=7.88,8.40,8.90 kHz电源频率下,随着电压增加,等离子体射流长度先增长后稳定;电压-电流关系符合辉光放电特征;同一电源频率下,随外加电压升高,放电电流脉冲个数增多、幅值增大、脉冲曲线产生畸变,装置消耗功率和放电功率所受影响不大。     

高压管道天然气泄漏扩散过程的数值模拟

采用CFD模型的方法对高压管道内的天然气泄漏和扩散过程进行了数值模拟。其结果表明,从高压管道泄出的天然气在大气中主要表现为高速射流的泄漏过程和随后的扩散过程。在泄漏过程中,天然气在泄漏口附近为欠膨胀射流,整个泄漏过程具有一定的高度;在扩散过程中,天然气在浮力作用下以向上扩散的形式发展。研究了不同环境风速对扩散过程的影响,较大的风速可以使天然气向下风方向更远的距离扩散,从而增大了天然气爆炸危险浓度的范围。研究结果可     

Numerical simulation of blast wave oscillation effects on a premixed methane/air explosion in closed-end ducts

This paper investigated the effects of blast wave oscillation on the overpressure of premixed methane/air explosions by numerical simulations and experiments. The AutoReaGas 3D code and a duct were used in the study. The oscillation induced by the repeat reflection of a blast wave in a closed-end duct was observed by high-speed camera. There was an oscillation zone in the blast wave which exhibited some saw-toothed characteristics. This explained why the overpressure in closed-end ducts was higher than that in open-end ducts. In addition, some of the peak overpressure was even higher than the C–J pressure of 1.76 MPa. The peak overpressures at the ducts' ends were higher than at other measurement points for 5 m, 10 m, and 15 m long ducts. This was mainly due to the reflection of the blast wave. The oscillating period increased with increasing duct length, and could be calculated by t = 0.0003 + 0.00198 L. However, the duct's diameter had no significant influence on the oscillation's period. The amplitude increased with increases in the duct length, except for the case of a 20 m long duct, and increased with decreases in the ducts' diameter. In addition, the peak overpressures in ducts of the same length/diameter ratio were similar. The peak overpressure increased with the increase of the length/diameter ratio, and the maximum value of the peak overpressure in the ducts had the same trend. However, the overpressure did not increase when the length/diameter ratio reached 250.     

室内火灾烟雾对微波衰减的影响研究

针对建筑室内火灾烟雾环境对微波信号的干扰问题,利用火灾标准实验间和微波实验装置,研究棉绳阴燃、聚氨酯明火等四种典型火灾烟雾对频率分别为600 MHz和2.7GHz微波衰减特性的影响规律。在有和无火灾烟雾环境下,对比分析入射波频率、烟雾浓度、烟雾类型对微波衰减的影响。实验结果表明,四种火灾烟雾对微波传播有明显衰减,且衰减量均随烟雾浓度的增加而增加,而衰减速率逐渐减小。频率以及不同特性类型的烟雾对微波衰减特性的规律不同。最后,计算并修正了室内火灾烟雾环境下微波衰减因子模型的衰减因子,提高了该模型在火灾烟雾环境下的适用性和准确性。