以水环境承载能力为基础的我国海岸带水环境管理制度体系设计

落实生态文明、陆海统筹的战略离不开合理的海岸带水环境管理顶层设计。本文针对中国海岸带水环境管理构建了一套制度安排。这套制度安排以最新国家级规划和部委规章为基本政策依据,以资源环境承载力预警机制为核心内容,以满足水体的流动性及河海的连通性为基本原则,具备较强的科学性和可操作性。本文最后以环渤海地区为例给出了中央和地方各有关单位落实这套制度安排的具体工作步骤。     

环保展会在中国

与过去的几年相比，记者很明显地感受到今年环保展会越来越多，声势越来越大，当然，这是一件好事，对于环保产业和会展商来说，都应该庆幸，毕竟这块蛋糕将越来越大，环保展会的发展速度和发展规模在一定程度上也可以看作是环保产业发展的“晴雨表”，迅猛发展的环保展会背后必然需要一个巨大而繁荣的环保产业群体的支撑。     

Urbanization, environmental consequences and management in China

Ｕｒｂａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎ，ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｃｏｎｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｓａｎｄｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔｉｎＣｈｉｎａＬｕＹｏｎｇｌｏｎｇ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ），ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅ...     

建设项目和园区环境管理存在的问题及应对措施

目前我国环境管理在很多方面都取得了进步,但是还需要为了社会的发展和人与自然和谐相处做更多的努力。因为环境管理问题不仅关系到经济,还关系到我们的生活,甚至子孙后代的生存。本文从现实出发,分析了建设项目和园区环境管理中存在的问题,并提出相应的解决对策,以期为建设项目和园区环境管理构建科学的管理体系,促进建设项目和园区的科学发展。     

Population growth, management and environmental degradation in China

Environmental problems in China can be divided into two large classes: pollution and destruction of natural environment. Environmental degradation is particularly serious in areas with rapid population growth. In this paper, some of China's major environmental problems, particularly those concerned with land, forests, and continental waters are introduced in order to see how population growth and management have affected these resources over the past few decades. It is also explained how the Chinese plan to cope and eventually solve these problems.     

Influences, practices and opportunities for environmental supply chain management in Nova Scotia SMEs

Executives are increasingly paying attention to the importance of supply chain management [Lambert DM, Cooper MC. Issues in supply chain management. Industrial Marketing Management 2000;29(1):65–83; Hagelaar GJLF, van der Vorst JGAJ. Environmental supply chain management: using life cycle assessment to structure supply chains. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 2002;4:399–412]. The management of the supply chain can be a central aspect of a company's competitive advantage [Preuss L. Rhetoric and reality of corporate greening: a view from the supply chain management function. Business Strategy and the Environment 2005;14:123–139]. SCM also offers considerable opportunities to reduce a company's environmental impact. The supply chains of three small and medium enterprises (SMEs) operating in the Burnside Industrial Park in Nova Scotia, Canada were investigated to explore the opportunities to improve environmental performance of SMEs linked in supply chains. This study confirmed that time and, to a lesser degree, financial resources to address solid waste and energy issues are the greatest limiting factors. Small suppliers, and even to a certain degree medium-sized enterprises, have difficulties in allocating resources to initiatives that are not viewed as directly related to their core function, namely manufacturing the product or providing the service. This study clearly demonstrated that opportunities exist to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and solid waste. Although, the benefits that would be gained from the implementation of any of the individual actions in the supply chains explored in this study are individually small, the cumulative benefits that could be achieved among supply chains and within industrial parks are substantial, given the number of small- and medium-sized enterprises.     

元谋县集中式饮用水源地环境现状及环境保护对策

对元谋县城市集中式饮用水源地的自然环境、水质现状、面源污染状况进行了阐述,对饮用水源地环境保护中存在的问题及成因进行了分析,并就如何加强饮用水源地的环境监管、确保饮用水安全提出了措施和对策。     

乌拉特前旗饮用水源地环境现状及保护对策

根据乌拉特前旗全旗6个饮用水水源地环境现状调查和水质监测结果,按照按《地下水质量标准》（GB/T14848-93）,采用单因子评价进行了环境质量现状评价。同时,深入分析存在的问题及原因,有针对性地提出环境保护对策,为环境管理提供基础性参考。     

我国海洋环境保护的法律原则和政策措施

通过对近年来我国海洋环境保护法律法规和一些政策措施的分析,论述了基本的法律原则和当前所采取的污染防治和生态保护措施,结果表明,国家通过加强立法、增加投入,实施重点污染物总量控制、加强海洋生态保护和实施重点流域污染防治计划、重点海域碧海行动计划等措施,在一定程度上减缓了沿海经济建设和海洋产业开发给海洋环境带来的压力,近岸海域环境污染加剧的趋势得到初步控制,局部海域的环境质量有所改善。指出了当前存在的主要问题是城市环境基础没施建设滞后、工业污染防治水平不高、海上污染事故应急能力不足等,并提出了相应的建议。     

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测工作中存在的问题及对策

从管理和监测角度,分析总结了建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测工作中存在的问题,并有针对性的提出了解决问题的对策。     

中国部分环境保护重点城市集中式饮用水源水质评价

调查了中国部分环境保护重点城市集中式饮用水源的水质状况,分析23 个地下水和77 个地表水点位中35 种无机元素的含量以及某些常规监测项目.结果表明,未达到饮用水源水质标准的元素有Fe、Mn 和Ti,其超标率分别为Fe:21.7%(地下水),24.7%(地表水);Mn8.70%(地下水),10.4%(地表水);Ti 1.30%(地表水).其余元素均达标,大多数元素的浓度与文献报道的背景水平相当.按水源地统计的常规监测项目,地表水达标率为83.2%,10 个监测项目中超标5 个,其中粪大肠杆菌、氨氮和石油类污染是主要超标项目,超标率分别为8.39%、4.20%和4.20%.此外地表水源总氮超标严重,超标率为46.1%,这可能与城镇生活污水处理率低及农业面源污染有关.地下水源达标率为80.9%,8个监测项目中超标4 个,其中总大肠菌群和pH 值的超标率分别为10.3%和5.88%,说明部分地下水也受到了污染.     

加强国际交流合作,引领中国环保升级——中国宜兴环保科技工业园:建设“美丽中国”的先行军

2013年第六届中国环境产业大会上,中国宜兴环保科技工业园荣获了"201 2中国环境服务贡献大奖",这也是大会上唯一获得该项殊荣的政府机构.大会颁奖词中写到"2012年,中国宜兴环保科技工业园管委会在创造性地推动地区环境产业的发展,为园区企业提供多元化优质服务,推动知识产权保护体系建设,发展国际合作等方面都表现出了卓越的努力,取得了企业的一致好评,是国内环保产业园区的一面旗帜."     

The effects of current water management practices on methane emissions in Japanese rice cultivation

Cultivated wetland rice fields are a source of methane (CH₄) emissions. To estimate CH₄ emissions and develop policies to reduce such emissions, information on water management at the farm level is crucial. It is known that farmers implement midseason drainage (MD) to increase rice yields and save water. However, little is known about whether MD is carried out in soils where CH₄ emissions are high and how part-time status will influence management. The objective of this study is to identify factors that determine MD implementation using a binomial logistic regression model based on a farm-level survey in Japan and to indicate possible changes in estimates of CH₄ emissions, accounting for current water management practices. The implementation rates were significantly higher where the soil types were classified as having the potential for high CH₄ emissions. Under current water management practices, the duration of MD and the percentage of continuous flooding were 5 to 7 days longer and approximately 7 % higher, respectively, than the values used by the Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan, which in turn are used to report greenhouse gas emissions to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. By accounting for current water conditions with the Tier 2 method, this study indicates that national estimates of CH₄ emissions from rice straw application areas could be lowered by 12.7 %. These results may contribute to the development of a mitigation policy that will help to further reduce CH₄ emissions.     

关于当前我国农业农村环境保护的思考与建议

农业农村环境保护关系到党中央提出的脱贫攻坚和污染防治两大攻坚战及乡村振兴的重大战略决策,非常重要。但同时,农业农村环境保护涉及面广,欠账多,管理能力弱,工作难度大。本文在对形势深入思考的基础上,阐述了目前农业农村环境保护的工作重点和工作思路,就加强监督管理、理顺优惠政策、完善政策制度设计和有针对性地建立工作模式等方面提出了对策建议。     

中韩海洋环境管理的要素特征及比对分析

通过对中国和韩国的海洋环境行政管理的特征、海洋环境管理法律的特征以及海洋环境政策的特征的分析和比对,认为较之韩国的海洋综合管理而言中国的海洋环境管理过于分散,而与中国的海洋环境管理政策的协调性相比韩国的海洋环境政策过于独立.尽管中韩海洋环境管理都存在着一定的缺陷,但两国都意识到世界发展趋势和新的秩序变革,并为建立先进的海洋环境管理体制积极地进行相关调整和改革.     

太湖地区的水资源与水环境——问题、原因与管理

太湖目前主要存在的问题是:①1998年太湖达标排放以来北太湖地区与梅梁湾的水环境没有如预期的那样得到显著改善;②太湖地区的洪涝问题并没有消除,相反随着经济的发展,其易损性增加;③东太湖的沼泽化与富营养化日趋严重,极大地降低了湖泊泄洪能力与供水能力。东太湖的沼泽化与富营养化与养殖业的无计划发展有很大关系,主要是管理所造成的。洪涝问题则是由于流域下垫面的急剧变化导致洪峰提前和洪峰流量增大。     

我国四十年农业农村环境保护的回顾与思考

本文对我国四十年农业农村环境保护的问题、政策与机构的变化脉络进行了系统梳理,从社会经济发展的高度,从机构职能与政策的角度进行深层次思考,认为生态文明体制改革从本质上理顺了经济发展与环境保护的关系,2018年国家机构改革为解决农业农村环境问题确立了组织保证,我国搞好农业农村环境保护有了根本好转的基础和条件。     

新疆地区大气环境容量系数的气候特征及其在空气质量变化中的作用

新疆在我国属于冬半年大气环境容量系数(A值)显著偏低的区域.研究了1975—2019年新疆大气环境容量系数的时空变化特征.新疆的低A值区主要分布在塔里木盆地北部和新疆东部;研究期间新疆的大气环境容量系数在随机波动中整体呈下降趋势,这与新疆平均风速的变化较为一致,主要是由气候变化引起.新疆A值的季节差异大,春夏高、秋冬低;A值的冬季均值远小于年均值,说明新疆冬季的大气自净能力很弱.新疆4个地级市的月均A值与PM_2.5浓度具有显著的负相关,A值能够较好地反映当地空气污染的气象条件特征.南疆城市则由于沙尘天气的影响,大气颗粒物浓度很高,但A值与PM_2.5浓度的相关性较差.还基于A值,利用城市大气环境荷载指数对新疆4个地级市的大气污染排放变率进行了评估.     

中国水资源管理需要新思维--中国工程院院士王浩访谈录

包括中国的3.2亿人口在内,目前世界上有11亿人口无法得到安全饮用水,而在可供水不断减少的同时,全球对水的需求量仍在不断增加.3月22日,在墨西哥闭幕的“世界水资源论坛”上,联合国就此再次发出警告.     

Drivers and barriers to engage enterprises in environmental management initiatives in Suzhou Industrial Park, China

Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in sustainable development not only for their significant contribution to China’s economy, but also for their large share of total discharged pollutants. Therefore, this research takes the enterprises in Suzhou Industrial Park, China as the case study to investigate the environmental management practices of SMEs, and identify drivers and barriers to engaging businesses in environmental management initiatives. It is shown that, as in other countries, SMEs are less active in adopting environmental management initiatives than larger companies. Legislation remains the key driver to engage SMEs in environmental management initiatives. Based on the analysis, policy recommendations are also presented.