电化学氧化法去除兰炭废水中COD和NH3-N

采用电氯化氧化法处理高浓度含有机污染物和氨氮的兰炭废水,考查了NaCl添加量、外加电压、初始pH值等对废水中化学需氧量（COD）和氨氮（NH₃-N）去除效果的影响,并对电化学氧化过程及污染物氧化机理进行深入分析.研究表明,随着NaCl添加量、外加电压及电解时间的增加,废水中COD与NH₃-N去除率逐渐增大.在NaCl添加量为60g/L、电压6V、极板间距10mm、废水初始pH值不变、电解时间3h的条件下,兰炭废水中COD和NH₃-N去除率分别为84.31%和95.77%,远高于不添加NaCl时的41.18%和34.10%.废水中COD和氨氮的降解主要归因于间接氧化,阳极反应产生的Cl₂水解生成具有强氧化性的ClO^-.电解过程中大部分NH₃-N在ClO^-的作用下转化为N₂,而小部分以含氮化合物的形式存在.兰炭废水中有机污染物主要以酚类物质为主,电化学处理后其含量大幅降低,部分会转化为醚类或者烷烃类物质.     

金刚石膜电极电化学氧化提高废水可生化性的研究

采用掺硼金刚石膜电极(BDD)电化学氧化的方法提高2-氯苯酚废水的可生化性,与钛基钌铱氧化物电极(DSA)进行对比,研究了该方法的机理.结果表明,BDD电极电化学氧化2.0h后,BOD5/CODCr值达到0.42,有效提高了废水的可生化性,而DSA电极电化学氧化2.0h后,BOD5/CODCr值仅为0.24.机理研究表明,由于BDD电极具有高的析氧电位,可产生大量的羟基自由基(×OH),能够使2-氯苯酚的苯环充分开环,形成草酸、顺丁烯二酸等易生化处理的中间产物,从而使可生化性提高;而DSA电极的析氧电位较低,产生羟基自由基的能力较差,不能有效地提高废水的可生化性.     

Fenton试剂氧化法处理印染废水实验研究

通过将Fenton法应用于印染废水的处理,研究pH值、温度、反应时间、Fe2+投加量以及H2O2投加量对Fenton试剂处理印染废水的影响,同时确定Fenton法处理印染废水的最适反应条件。实验结果表明:(1)最适反应条件,即pH值、温度、反应时间、Fe2+投加量、H2O2投加量分别为3,50℃,45 min,70 mg/L,2.5 mL/L,此时COD的去除率最高,为66.60%。(2)pH值为3时,下列因素对COD的去除率影响程度大小依次为H2O2投加量Fe2+投加量反应时间反应温度。     

超临界水氧化法处理皂素废水

皂素生产废水具有色度大、有机物浓度高、酸度大、盐分高等特点,是一种处理难度较大的中药废水.探讨了用超临界水氧化处理皂素废水的实验条件,考察了温度、压力、停留时间、氧化剂用量等参数对降解反应的影响.结果表明,反应温度、停留时间、氧化剂用量是影响降解反应的主要因素,压力对降解反应的影响不大.确定了最适宜的反应条件为:反应温度440%℃,反应压力24MPa,停留时间40s以上.氧气加入量为理论值的150%,此条件下COD去除率可达到99%以上.另外,实验较好地解决了超临界氧化技术中材料的腐蚀和盐的沉淀两大难题.     

Electrochemical oxidation of recalcitrant organic compounds in biologically treated municipal solid waste leachate in a flow reactor

Biologically-treated municipal solid waste （MSW） leachate still contains many kinds of bit-recalcitrant organic matter. A new plate and frame electrochemical reactor was designed to treat these materials under flow conditions. In the electrochemical oxidation process, NH3 and color could be easily removed by means of electro-generated chlorinefaypochlorite within 20 min. The effects of major process parameters on the removal of organic pollutants were investigated systematically. Under experimental conditions, the optimum operation parameters were current density of 65 mA/cm^2, flow velocity of 2.6 cm/sec in electrode gap, and initial chloride ion concentration of 5000 mg/L. The COD in the leachate could be reduced below 100 mg/L after 1 hr of treatment. The kinetics and mechanism of COD removal were investigated by simultaneously monitoring the COD change and chlorine/hypochlorite production. The kinetics of COD removal exhibited a two-stage kinetic model, and the decrease of electro-generated chlorine/hypochlorite production was the major mechanism for the slowing down of the COD removal rate in the second stage. The narrowing of the electrode gap is beneficial for COD removal and energy consumption.     

Chemical oxygen demand reduction in coffee wastewater through chemical flocculation and advanced oxidation processes

The removal of the natural organic matter present in coffee processing wastewater through chemical coagulation-flocculation and advanced oxidation processes （AOP） had been studied. The effectiveness of the removal of natural organic matter using commercial flocculants and UV/H202, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3 processes was determined under acidic conditions. For each of these processes, different operational conditions were explored to optimize the treatment efficiency of the coffee wastewater. Coffee wastewater is characterized by a high chemical oxygen demand （COD） and low total suspended solids. The outcomes of coffee wastewater treatment using coagulation-flocculation and photodegradation processes were assessed in terms of reduction of COD, color, and turbidity. It was found that a reduction in COD of 67% could be realized when the coffee wastewater was treated by chemical coagulation-flocculation with lime and coagulant T-1. When coffee wastewater was treated by coagulation-flocculation in combination with UV/H2O2, a COD reduction of 86% was achieved, although only after prolonged UV irradiation. Of the three advanced oxidation processes considered, UV/H2O2, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3, we found that the treatment with UV/H2O2/O3 was the most effective, with an efficiency of color, turbidity and further COD removal of 87%, when applied to the flocculated coffee wastewater.     

Advanced treatment of wet-spun acrylic fiber manufacturing wastewater using three-dimensional electrochemical oxidation

A three-dimensional electrochemical oxidation(3D-EC) reactor with introduction of activated carbon(AC) as particle micro-electrodes was applied for the advanced treatment of secondary wastewater effluent of a wet-spun acrylic fiber manufacturing plant. Under the optimized conditions(current density of 500 A/m~2, circulation rate of 5 mL/min, AC dosage of 50 g, and chloride concentration of 1.0 g/L), the average removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand(COD_(cr)), NH3–N, total organic carbon(TOC), and ultraviolet absorption at 254 nm(UV_(254)) of the 3D-EC reactor were 64.5%, 60.8%, 46.4%, and 64.8%, respectively; while the corresponding effluent concentrations of COD_(cr), NH_3–N, TOC, and UV_(254) were 76.6, 20.1, and42.5 mg/L, and 0.08 Abs/cm, respectively. The effluent concentration of COD_(cr) was less than 100 mg/L, which showed that the treated wastewater satisfied the demand of the integrated wastewater discharge standard(GB 8978-1996). The 3D-EC process remarkably improved the treatment efficiencies with synergistic effects for COD_(cr), NH_3–N, TOC, and UV_(254) during the stable stage of 44.5%, 38.8%, 27.2%, and 10.9%, respectively, as compared with the sum of the efficiencies of a two-dimensional electrochemical oxidation(2D-EC) reactor and an AC adsorption process, which was ascribed to the numerous micro-electrodes of AC in the 3D-EC reactor. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC–MS) analysis revealed that electrochemical treatment did not generate more toxic organics, and it was proved that the increase in acute biotoxicity was caused primarily by the production of free chlorine.     

Addition of anaerobic tanks to an oxidation ditch system to enhance removal of phosphorus from wastewater

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电解催化氧化法处理毒死蜱废水的研究

采用电解氧化和Fenton技术耦合的电解催化氧化法对毒死蜱废水进行处理,考察了该法对毒死蜱废水的处理效果和出水的生化性能。结果表明:采用H₂O₂溶液用量逐步增加的方式,经过420 min电解催化氧化反应,废水COD_Cr仅由初始的7 920 mg/L降至5 880 mg/L,反映出毒死蜱废水的难降解特性。电解氧化单独处理毒死蜱废水时,在初始20 min内COD_Cr迅速下降,削减量为1 892 mg/L,随后COD_Cr变化不大;反应至80 min时,随着Fenton氧化反应的加入,废水COD_Cr开始逐步下降,有机物得到进一步降解。结合电解催化氧化出水的可生物降解COD_Cr(BCOD_Cr)和废水处理要求(生化出水预期COD_Cr为500~600 mg/L,满足DB 33/923—2014《生物制药工业污染物排放标准》排放限值),将其分别稀释3和4倍后进行好氧生化试验,反应动力学常数分别为383.4和298.3 min ^-1,该好氧生化反应过程可能更多受浓度控制而非毒性抑制。电解催化氧化出水稀释3倍后进行21 d水解酸化-好氧连续流试验,出水COD_Cr为512~673 mg/L,去除率基本保持在60%以上;出水TP浓度后期稳定在20~30 mg/L,去除率在45%左右;出水NH₃-N浓度为2.8~5.3 mg/L,去除率可达95%以上。     

焦化废水厌氧氨氧化生物脱氮的研究

采用厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)工艺处理焦化废水,在厌氧34℃、pH值7.5~8.5,HRT为33h的条件下,经过115d成功启动厌氧氨氧化反应器.当进水NH4+-N、NO2--N浓度分别为80、90mg/L左右时, TN负荷可达160mg/(L·d),系统NH4+-N和NO2--N的去除率最高分别达86%和98%,TN去除率可达75%. GC-MS分析结果表明,酚类是焦化废水中较易被生物利用的有机物,ANAMMOX过程对好氧短程硝化工艺出水残余低浓度酚类有机物有进一步去除作用.     

电化学氧化除氨氮过程中羟基自由基及中间产物定量分析

采用高效液相色谱对电化学氧化除氨氮过程,不同电流密度,Cl-浓度及初始pH值的·OH进行定量检测和分析,同时,对不同初始pH值和电流密度下,电化学氧化除氨氮的中间产物进行了定量分析,结果表明:·OH产生量与电流密度成正比,当有Cl-存在,且在碱性条件下会抑制·OH的产生;初始pH值为偏碱性时,NO2-和氯胺的产量均有所增加.建议电化学氧化脱氨氮过程,尽量保持溶液pH值在中性或酸性条件下;电流密度对氨氮电化学氧化过程中各中间产物的量有着较大影响,在电流密度为10mA/cm2时,活性物质产量最高,且有害中间产物产量最低.     

磁种混凝法去除校园污水中COD的试验研究

运用磁种混凝技术处理校园生活污水,通过分析原水水质,磁种（Fe3O4）、混凝剂PAC（聚合氯化铝）或PAS（聚合硫酸铝）、助凝剂PAM（聚丙烯酰胺）投加方式及投加量考察对COD去除效果的影响。实验表明：磁种的添加量和添加方式对水处理起到关键性作用。先添加磁粉0.3g/L,再添加PAC 0.3g/L,PAM 0.002g/L混合搅拌出水COD去除率为78.90%,处理后COD含量43.60mg/L,达到排放标准。     

Enhanced biological nutrients removal using an integrated oxidation ditch with vertical circle from wastewater by adding an anaerobic column

Introduction Theenrichmentofnutrientsinwaterbodiesisoneofthecrucialfactorsaffectingwaterquality(Romanski,1997).Ithasbeenreportedthatdischargingwastewaterwithhighlevelsofphosphorus(P)andnitrogen(N)canresultineutrophicationofreceivingwaters,particularlylake…     

湿式氧化处理高浓度难降解有机废水研究

在2L高压间歇反应釜中,系统地研究了高浓度难降解乳化废水的影响因素和动力学特征.结果表明:湿式氧化温度以220℃为宜;TOC去除率为73 2%～82 1%;供氧量以1 0～1 25倍理论需氧量为宜;在较宽浓度范围内仍具有良好的处理效果;并建立基于TOC指数型经验模型.     

焦化废水生物处理尾水中残余有机污染物的活性炭吸附及其机理

采用粉末活性炭静态吸附焦化废水生物处理尾水中的TOC成分,考察pH值、活性炭用量等因素对吸附效果的影响.从分子结构、动力学和热力学数据等方面来判断其吸附类型和吸附速率的控制步骤,并从理论上解析活性炭对尾水中残余有机污染物的吸附过程.对选定的活性炭,pH值升高对吸附有负效应;在TOC浓度为40.0-60.0 mg·L-1的水样中投加1.000 mg·L-1活性炭,吸附容量可达(37.2±7.8)mg·g-1;长链烃、苯系物、卤代物等非极性有机物和酚类等酸性有机物在pH＜8.0时吸附效果较好,胺类等碱性有机物在碱性条件下易于被吸附;TOC的吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学模型,液膜扩散和颗粒内扩散分别是吸附初期和吸附后期的主要速率控制步骤,吸附活化能Ea=38.75kJ·mol-1;吸附等温线符合linear方程,说明吸附过程主要是有机污染物在活性炭与水溶液中的分配过程;热力学参数△G0、△H0为负值,表明该吸附是一个自发的放热过程,焦化废水生物处理尾水中残留的长链烃、卤代物、多环芳烃等难降解有机物可以通过吸附法分离去除,酚羟基、羧基等极性基团含量少的活性炭或其它非极性有机吸附剂适合于处理该类废水.     

焦化废水Fenton氧化预处理过程中主要有机污染物的去除

以焦化废水原水为研究对象,采用Fenton氧化法进行预处理,在考察H2O2用量与反应时间对焦化废水中CODCr,、挥发酚去除率影响的基础上,重点分析反应体系中有毒难降解有机物浓度的变化.通过GC-MS分析发现,在反应温度为30℃、H2O2用量为1/2理论量、n(Fe2 ):n(H2O2)=1:20的条件下,酚、苯系物、石油烃、含氮杂环有机物和多环芳烃在反应10min时相应的去除率分别达到93.7%、96.2%、92.1%、92.7%和89.2%,此时挥发酚类物质去除率为98.6%,COD去除率为54.4%.结果表明,焦化废水经Fenton氧化预处理不仅能取得较高的CODCr、挥发酚类物质去除率,而且能将其中有毒难降解有机污染物氧化为较易生物降解的醇、醛、酮及有机酸等中间产物,有利于后续生物处理过程.     

两种高级氧化法处理丙烯腈生产废水的对比研究

采用以Ti/SnO2+金属铁为组合阳极的铁促双电极电化学氧化法和Fenton氧化法对丙烯腈生产废水进行了处理.对比了2种方法的处理效果,考察了诸多因子对处理效果的影响及反应过程的规律.结果表明,在外加相同量H2O2条件下,铁促双电极氧化法的COD去除率比Fenton氧化法可提高约30%～35%,且可获得超过90%的色度去除率;但当H2O2初始剂量小于1700mg·L-1时Fenton试剂氧化法处理后的废水色度反而增加.外加H2O2剂量的增加强化了Fenton氧化过程,使2种方法COD去除率均随之增加.当外加H2O2初始浓度为2200mg·L-1、电压为4.0V、反应时间为180min时,双电极电化学氧化法的COD去除率达75%.2种氧化反应过程中,H2O2浓度下降速率很快,反应60min(电化学)和30min(Feuton)时几乎均被耗尽.铁阳极通电时间对铁促双电极电化学氧化法的COD去除率和电流效率影响显著.铁促双电极氧化法(外加H2O2)对丙烯腈生产废水处理效果明显优于Fenton+铁促双电极氧化法(无外加H2O2),表明前者在有机废水处理领域有较好的应用潜力.     

Advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coal gasification wastewater by a novel heterogeneous Fenton oxidation process

Sewage sludge from a biological wastewater treatment plant was converted into sewage sludge based activated carbon(SBAC) with Zn Cl2 as activation agent, which was used as a support for ferric oxides to form a catalyst(Fe Ox/SBAC) by a simple impregnation method.The new material was then used to improve the performance of Fenton oxidation of real biologically pretreated coal gasification wastewater(CGW). The results indicated that the prepared Fe Ox/SBAC significantly enhanced the pollutant removal performance in the Fenton process, so that the treated wastewater was more biodegradable and less toxic. The best performance was obtained over a wide p H range from 2 to 7, temperature 30°C, 15 mg/L of H2O2 and 1 g/L of catalyst, and the treated effluent concentrations of COD, total phenols,BOD5 and TOC all met the discharge limits in China. Meanwhile, on the basis of significant inhibition by a radical scavenger in the heterogeneous Fenton process as well as the evolution of FT-IR spectra of pollutant-saturated Fe Ox/BAC with and without H2O2, it was deduced that the catalytic activity was responsible for generating hydroxyl radicals, and a possible reaction pathway and interface mechanism were proposed. Moreover, Fe Ox/SBAC showed superior stability over five successive oxidation runs. Thus, heterogeneous Fenton oxidation of biologically pretreated CGW by Fe Ox/SBAC, with the advantages of being economical, efficient and sustainable, holds promise for engineering application.     

SBR-电催化组合工艺处理己内酰胺废水试验研究

通过小试试验研究芬顿法、序批式活性污泥(SBR)生化法和电催化氧化法对己内酰胺废水中有机物的去除效果;采用SBR-电催化组合工艺现场中试,研究其对己内酰胺废水中有机物的去除效果,分析其运行的稳定性与经济性。结果表明:芬顿法在氧化剂投加量为3.0%时,COD_Cr去除率可达90.0%,但氧化剂成本较高;SBR生化法在适宜能耗时对COD_Cr的去除率为56.1%,单一工艺难以达到处理要求;电催化氧化法在适宜能耗时对COD_Cr的去除率为43.5%,单一工艺难以达到处理要求且单位耗电量较大;SBR-电催化氧化组合工艺对COD_Cr的去除率超过90.0%,出水COD_Cr降至200~300 mg/L,废水处理成本降低至5.15元/m ³,技术与经济方面均可行。     

UNITANK+接触氧化工艺处理制皂废水

采用 U NITANK系统和生物接触氧化工艺处理主要污染物为油脂、甘油等的制皂工业废水。经过试验研究 ,工艺参数选择和运行处理效果分析 ,结果证明 ,采用该工艺处理制皂工业废水 ,三格池好氧 U NITANK系统的容积负荷为1.5 kg CODCr/m3· d时 ,COD去除率可达 80 % ,接触氧化池的 COD去除率亦在 80 %左右 ,处理效果稳定