页岩气采出水处理及回用现状分析

介绍了页岩气采出水的产排特征,国内页岩气采出水的处理及回用现状,并总结出3项采出水处理技术,即:回注、简单处理后回用及处理至SY/T 6596—2004《气田水回注方法》达标,进行回注,以采出水复配压裂液为主要污水。这3种处理方式可以处理页岩气采出水,为污水达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》做技术储备,并降低采出水对土壤、地表水等可能造成的环境污染风险。     

催化氧化复合生物技术处理油气田压裂返排液

针对油气田压裂返排液处理难度大的问题,以四川某气田井组压裂返排液为研究对象,通过对其水质特征和治理技术现状的分析,提出催化氧化复合生物处理工艺并进行了现场实验。实验结果表明:该技术对于压裂返排液COD去除效果明显,最终出水COD浓度均降至100mg/L以下,COD去除率达到98%以上;G-BAF生化系统进水盐度在0.5%~5%时,系统适应性非常好,有机物去除率达93%以上;当盐度提高到8%时,有机物去除率仍能保持在84%左右,G-BAF生化系统适合高盐度压裂返排液的处理;压裂返排液出水主要污染指标COD浓度、氨氮浓度、SS浓度、pH值均达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准,出水可用于油田及污水处理站设备清洁、钻井岩屑清洗等,实现废水综合利用。     

长庆油田采出水处理系统污泥收集及处理

分析长庆油田采出水系统内污泥处理现状,介绍负压排泥和撬装离心脱水组合技术处理污泥的原理、流程及运行情况。该工艺流程在密闭状态下运行,占地少,污泥脱水率稳定,为油田采出水系统污泥处理技术发展和推广应用做了新的尝试。     

中美页岩气水力压裂返排液环境影响与治理

对比分析中美页岩气水力压裂返排液,发现两者均具有产生量大、成分复杂、难生物降解、高COD、高TSS、高TDS等特点,若压裂返排液进入到地表水及土壤中,可能造成不利影响,甚至对人类健康造成影响。目前常用的处理压裂返排液的技术有深井回注法、处理后回用法及处理后排放法。我国页岩气水力压裂返排液处理技术尚不成熟,部分地区仍沿用石油行业处理采出水的方法;部分页岩气田以借鉴国外压裂返排液处理技术为主,结合自身返排液情况制定处理流程;返排液回收后重新用于水力压裂的水处理技术还不成熟,应积极开展压裂返排液处理技术的研究。     

渤海埕北油田生产污水处理

1987年底埕北油田排海生产污水含油严重超标，为解决这一问题，采取了一系列措施，如：调整改进聚结器、浮选器，砂滤器添加滤网，清洁水缓冲罐增设污油回收装置。之后，进行了加药实验，实验表明：选择适用子处理埕北油田生产污水的化学药剂和其合适的加药浓度，使排海生产污水含油达到了规定的标准。从根本上解决了排海污水超标问题。     

压裂返排液处理技术现状及展望

针对页岩气压裂返排液的特点、危害,综述了氧化-絮凝-过滤/吸附联合处理工艺、氧化-絮凝-电解-过滤/吸附联合处理工艺、氧化-絮凝-电解-过滤/吸附-生化联合处理工艺的特点、适用性及处理效果,经过多种工艺处理后,压裂返排液中COD等污染物可以有效去除,出水可以达标。并对压裂返排液处理技术的发展前景进行展望,认为回收重复利用是未来压裂返排液处理的发展趋势。     

油田酸性废水氧化除铁技术实验研究

酸化作业是提高单井产量以及修复枯竭井的重要措施,返排废液具有酸性强、腐蚀性强、含铁高、矿化度高等特点。因此,有效减少铁离子等其他成垢离子,降低悬浮物浓度以达到《长庆油田公司采出水处理及回注暂行标准》是酸性废水处理的难点。实验研究Fenton试剂、次氯酸钠、曝气三种氧化工艺除铁效果以及污泥产生量,最终确定复合碱调节pH值后曝气氧化除铁工艺效果最佳,以1.48L/min流量曝气60min,处理后出水总铁为0.31mg/L,透光率为97.5%,总铁指标达到《长庆油田公司采出水处理及回注暂行标准》。     

高含盐采出水冷冻脱盐技术研究

由于高含盐采出水中氯离子浓度和矿化度很高,为了实现油田高含盐采出水的回注,除了降低石油类、COD和SS的含量外,还要去除其中大量的无机盐类。文章研究了对某油田高含盐采出水采用冷冻脱盐技术的处理效果,通过对模拟水和实际采出水进行脱盐实验,对影响冷冻速率的因素,冷冻脱盐效率和重力脱盐效率进行了研究。冷冻脱盐法直接脱盐率为50%以上,通过进一步静置,最终的脱盐率可达到60%以上。较高的初始温度、缩短水从液态冷冻到固态的时间、延长重力脱盐时间,能获得更好的脱盐效果。     

尊重民意拒污染

《现代金报》报道,南通市人民政府决定,永远取消有关王子制纸排海工程项目。前一天,江苏王子制纸所在地南通开发区新闻发言人称,由于启东民众对排海管道建设对海洋环境的影响产生疑虑,部分群众通过互联网等渠道表达了反对的意见,当地政府经认真研究,暂停管道工程建设,并着手进一步深入论证评估。     

某油田压裂返排液的处理研究

压裂作业产生的压裂返排液对环境有极大的危害。文章针对某油田压裂返排液浓度高、难降解的特点,找到一套切实可行的“混凝～氧化”处理方案,通过实验确定最佳处理条件,最终出水的COD降到90．7mg／L,达到DB21／1627-2008《辽宁省污水综合排放标准》二级标准。     

Sustainable options of post treatment of UASB effluent treating sewage: A review

The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) process is reported to be a sustainable technology for domestic wastewaters treatment in developing countries and for small communities. However, the inability of UASB process to meet the desired disposal standards has given enough impetus for subsequent post treatment. In order to upgrade the UASB based sewage treatment plants (STPs) to achieve desired effluent quality for disposal or for reuse, various technological options are available and broadly differentiated as primary post-treatment for the removal of organic and inorganic compounds and suspended matter; secondary post-treatment for the removal of hardly degradable soluble matter, colloidal and nutrients; and polishing systems for removals of pathogens. Hence, this paper discusses the different systems for the treatment of UASB reactor effluent treating sewage. Additionally, a comparative review, an economic evaluation of some of the emerging options was conducted and based on the extensive review of different integrated combination, i.e. UASB-different aerobic systems, a treatment concept based on natural biological mineralization route recognized as an advanced technology to meet all practical aspects to make it a sustainable for environmental protection, resource preservation and recovering maximum resources.     

小城镇规划中的可持续发展能力评价研究——以临沂市崔家峪镇为例

介绍了小城镇规划可持续发展能力评价的程序和距离函数模型，制订了崔家峪镇可持续发展评价指标体系，并运用距离函数模型对崔家峪镇可持续发展进行定量评价。结果表明，该镇可持续发展能力较强、但要加强环境建设。针对研究结果，提出了今后的发展对策。     

Sustainability speak: Discourse and practice paradigms in subdivision design

In the last decade the concept of sustainable development has been widely embraced as the key to environmentally friendly development. However, in many instances the physical sustainability side of the equation stops at a rhetorical level and the ensuing developments fail to respond to ecological imperatives or to protect existing ecological values. Nowhere is this failure more evident than at the urban fringes of Melbourne, Australia, where residential land estate developments relentlessly engulf degraded agricultural lands that often contain the remnants of vegetative and hydrological ecological systems.

This paper postulates that while landscape design practitioners claim the 'authority of nature' (and, by extension, the land) for their design inspiration, in reality narrow practice foci and instrumental approaches have meant that the design of estates and subdivisions often make only token reference to ecological underpinnings. It is argued that instrumental influences on design decision-making are embedded in landscape-architectural professional culture and glossed over with an elusive rhetoric of care and concern for the environment. It is further postulated that individual expressions of interest in the land and its systems can make a substantive contribution to sustainable design practice and practical outcomes.     

Consistent assessments of pathways toward sustainable development and climate stabilization

Many of the numerous difficult issues facing the world today involve relationships entailing trade‐offs and synergies. This study quantitatively assesses some alternative scenarios using integrated assessment models, and provides several indicators relating to sustainable development and climate change, such as indicators of income (per capita GDP), poverty, water stress, food access, sustainable energy use, energy security, and ocean acidification, with high consistencies among the indicators within a scenario. According to the analyses, economic growth helps improve many of the indicators for sustainable development. On the other hand, climate change will induce some severe impacts such as ocean acidification under a non‐climate intervention scenario (baseline scenario). Deep emission reductions, such as to 2°C above the pre‐industrial level, could cause some sustainable development indicators to worsen. There are complex trade‐offs between climate change mitigation levels and several sustainable development indicators. A delicately balanced approach to economic growth will be necessary for sustainable development and responses to climate change.     

重庆市可持续发展状况分析

构建重庆市可持续发展指标体系,运用层次分析法对重庆市的可持续发展状况进行了评价.通过评价结果分析发现,重庆市在2001年前可持续发展保持较好,而2001年以后经济虽然发展较快,但环境和资源的承载能力下降,可持续发展表现出不和谐.最后就重庆市的可持续发展提出了建议和措施.     

乡村旅游与社区经济互动持续发展评估研究——以安徽省黟县西递为例

在实地调查和与专家访谈的基础上设计函调问卷,通过对函调问卷的综合分析,构建模糊评价模型,对西递旅游与社区经济互动持续发展水平做出评判。结果表明,西递旅游与社区经济处在基本可持续发展阶段,但也存在着一些制约旅游与社区经济互动持续发展的因素。在此基础上,提出促进西递旅游与社区经济互动持续发展的建议和措施。     

济南市可持续发展状况评价研究

构建了济南市可持续发展指标体系,对济南市1999—2004年的可持续发展状况进行了评价分析,发现济南市在2002年以前可持续发展保持较好;2002年以后经济继续保持较快发展,但资源环境指数和社会发展指数出现下滑趋势,社会发展和环境改善未能与经济的发展保持同步,可持续发展出现出一定程度的不协调,并对济南市的可持续发展提出了对策和建议。     

Towards sustainable management of natural ecosystems on farms? a New Zealand perspective

Many New Zealand farms still have large remnant indigenous forest patches. This paper discusses constraints and opportunities for the sustainable management of these remnants. First, the paper analyses why the specific ecological situation of the New Zealand vegetation poses severe constraints for sustainable management. Second, results from a case study are presented suggesting that analysis of farmers’ attitudes to remnant ecosystems might provide valuable data for improving existing environmental legislation. Finally, the possible management implications of the new Resource Management Act 1991 and Forest Amendment Act 1993 are discussed. It is argued that these Acts may bring to an end a thousand years of wilful and accidental destruction of New Zealand's natural environment.     

区域土地规划及环境政策研究

可持续发展应分阶段分层次地进行;为增强区域土地可持续利用,相关环境政策的制定应遵循可持续发展原则;区域土地可持续利用的评价流程与环境政策循环模式;这一领域的相关法律问题;最后提出了一些建议。     

生态功能区划在县域可持续发展指标体系中的应用

在分析县域可持续发展指标体系特点的基础上,从生态功能区划依据的原则、目标等方面,深入论述了生态功能区划在县域可持续发展指标体系中的三方面作用,提出了应用生态功能区划结果对某一区域内不同县域的可持续发展状况分类别进行评价的观点。