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1.
成都市春季大气飘尘目标变换因子分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
对成都市大气飘尘（ＳＭＰ〈１０μｍ）用目标变换因子分析（ＴＴＦＡ）作源解析。结果表明，主要排放源及其贡献为，道路交通尘（１６．８％），冶金尘（１９．２％），垃圾与草木焚烧烟尘（２４．８％），燃煤飞灰（５４．３％），大气尘污染以煤烟为主。 相似文献
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Vernica Morales‐Casa Francisco Barraza Elizabeth Collante Rosanna Ginocchio Hctor Jorquera Fabrice Lambert Esteban Ospina Csar Sez‐Navarrete Jos Varas 《环境质量管理》2020,29(3):17-25
Settleable particulate matter (SPM) is an atmospheric pollutant harmful to human health and the environment in high concentrations. Despite this fact, no up‐to‐date information on SPM levels exists for the capital of Chile, Santiago (7 million inhabitants). To address this knowledge gap, SPM sedimentation rates, including soluble and insoluble components, were measured at three different urban sites from July to November of 2016. We compare the measurements with ambient and meteorological information, as well as urban typology settings. Our results indicate SPM deposition rates between 2.5 and 3.9 g/(m2·30 days). Only one site exceeded the national limit of 4.5 g/(m2·30 days), but we found an increasing trend in all three sites. SPM and its insoluble sedimentation rates increased during warm and dry months and presented significant correlations with meteorological parameters. The highest sedimentation rates were measured at the location with the least permeable surfaces and the lowest green spaces, while the lowest sedimentation rates were found in the sites with abundant green spaces and permeable soil. No significant differences were detected in the soluble components. Our results suggest that SPM levels in Santiago are close to the national limit and may increase with climate change and urban expansion. 相似文献
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《环境质量管理》2018,27(4):87-95
Particulate matter (PM) is one of the primary pollutants produced from mining operations. This paper summarizes the existing techniques used to identify sources of PM and their contribution to ambient air pollution. Human health studies indicate that there is an association between airborne PM and adverse health effects. Particularly in coal mining areas, the burning of coal and PM from machinery operations cause low air quality that is physically harmful. Thus, the sources of smoldering combustion, that are typical in coal mine burns, increase the risk to mine workers who are exposed to high concentrations of known toxicity associated with PM. Recent studies on the modeling of PM concentration profiles across various sources were reviewed for this paper. 相似文献
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Sopan T. Ingle Nilesh K. Mahale Yogesh J. Mahajan Sanjaykumar N. Patil 《Local Environment》2015,20(11):1340-1362
The continuous infrastructural and economic development exerted pressure on the environmental conditions of the North Maharashtra region. The air quality of North Maharashtra region was analysed for the identification of hot spots and safe zones of ambient air quality. The result shows air pollution at some part of North Maharashtra region. The levels of particulate matter were above the prescribed limits especially at Bhusawal, Dhule and Jalgaon Urban centres. The traces of polyaromatic hydrocarbons were also observed in the urban centres of study area. The binary ratios of the persistent prevailing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)'s show great correlation with the vehicular exhaust in the study region. The higher levels of pollutants in the study region were recorded in the post-monsoon season. The present study is first of its kind in the North Maharashtra region and an attempt has been made to analyse the anthropogenic sources and concentration of air pollutants in the area. The air pollutants reduce the defence system of human body and lead into severe health consequences like damage of lung tissues with escalation in the existing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. 相似文献
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Emmanuel Toluwalope Odediran;Jamiu Adetayo Adeniran;Rafiu Olasunkanmi Yusuf; 《环境质量管理》2024,34(1):e22215
African cities grapple with urban air pollution from traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs). This study investigated TRAPs concentration variations at traffic intersections (TIs) in Ibadan, Nigeria. AERMOD model was employed to examine TRAPs dispersion at 25 selected TIs, considered as volume sources. Seasonal concentration distributions of six pollutants (CO, NO2, SO2, TVOCs, PM2.5, and PM10) were determined using meteorological, topographical, and pollutants’ emission rates in AERMOD. Estimated peak concentrations of the studied pollutants were generally higher in the rainy season than dry season, surpassing the air quality standards set by World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigeria's National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) during the rainy and dry seasons except SO2 (24 h) concentration which did not exceed the NESREA standard. This study highlighted TIs as significant contributors to air quality degradation in both seasons studied in Ibadan and showed AERMOD's suitability for air dispersion studies. 相似文献
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In the 21st century, air pollution has emerged as a significant problem all over the globe due to a variety of activities carried out by humans, such as the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization. SO2, NO2, and NH3 are the key components contributing to air pollution. Moreover, these air pollutants have a significant connection to several climatic characteristics, such as the speed of the wind, the relative humidity, the temperature, the amount of precipitation, and the surface pressure. As a result, machine learning (ML) is regarded as a more effective strategy for predicting air quality than more conventional approaches such as probability and statistics, among others. In the research, Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest (RF), and Multi-Linear Regression (MLR) algorithms are used to make predictions about air quality, and MSE (Mean Squared Error), RMSE (Root Mean Square Error), MAE (Mean Squared error), and R2 are used to determine how accurate the predictions are. 相似文献
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在西宁市7个采样点分别采集了环境空气中的总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)和可吸入颗粒物(PM10),用化学质量平衡(CMB)受体模型和二重源解析技术解析了TSP和PM10的来源。结果表明:扬尘、煤烟尘和土壤风沙尘是造成该市TSP和PM10污染的主要源类。扬尘是造成该市颗粒物污染的首要因素,控制城市扬尘污染是城市环境空气颗粒物达标的关键。 相似文献
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车用柴油机排气中的微粒是一种十分有害的大气污染物,如何有效地净化它一直是人们密切关注的课题。介绍了一种旋流分离净化技术,以及应用此技术首先应解决的问题。 相似文献
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收集2014—2016年我国部分地区环保部常规监测的6项大气污染物浓度,重点分析了我国东北、华北、华东、华中、西部地区经济快速发展城市空气污染的状况及分布特征。结果表明:除O_3外,其余污染物浓度均下降,SO_2二级达标率持续上升。各污染物区域性分布显著,北方比南方污染重。东部O_3污染严重;PM_(10)、CO浓度在华北地区最高;SO_2浓度在东北、华北最高;PM_(2.5)、NO_2浓度在华中、华北最高。华北地区大气污染严重,华东PM及SO_2污染最轻。 相似文献
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本文结合重庆市空气质量限期达标规划编制案例,介绍了城市空气质量达标规划编制中的几个关键技术及其具体应用,包括本地化污染源排放清单编制、污染物来源解析、污染物排放形势预测与减排潜力分析以及大气环境容量核算等。本地化污染源排放清单是城市空气质量达标规划编制的基础,针对现有污染源制定科学合理的减排方案是达标规划的核心内容。分析不同区域的污染物组分浓度特征、污染源贡献以及未来污染排放形势预测,有助于识别出制约未来空气质量达标的关键因素及污染源。基于污染源减排潜力和污染传输矩阵制定的污染源减排方案更具合理性和可行性,应用空气质量模型估算大气环境容量可为规划目标可达性提供依据。 相似文献
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山东省城市空气自动监测监控系统的主要功能是将全省城市自动监测站数据利用计算机网络、数据仓库等技术导入到环境监测数据仓库中,实现全省城市空气质量自动监测的统一监控和监测信息的自动管理和发布。本文简单介绍了系统控制中心端监测数据统计应用部分的功能设计和实现方法。 相似文献
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Milinda Lahiri;Kalyani Krishna; 《环境质量管理》2024,33(3):399-409
Air pollution is emerging as one of the most important stresses, particularly in urban areas, of both developed and developing countries. It severely affects plant growth and development besides being a health hazard to humans and animals. Delhi has the dubious distinction of being one of the most polluted cities in the world. Incidentally, it is also one of the greenest cities with ongoing programs to increase the already considerable forest cover and biodiversity parks. Plants often act as a sink for airborne pollutants, including particulate matter. Hence it is important to evaluate their efficacy in absorbing pollutants and use the promising species for urban plantation. In the present study, the stress tolerance of four common trees of Delhi (Psidium guajava, Alstonia scholaris, Murraya koenigii, and Moringa oleifera), growing in three areas with varying pollution levels, was estimated by measuring Plant Secondary Metabolites (PSMs: total phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins) along with the total chlorophyll content of the leaves. P. guajava showed significant increase in the contents of phenols, tannins, and alkaloids with higher Air Quality Index (AQI). Increased amounts of phenols and flavonoids were observed in A. scholaris, those of phenols and alkaloids in M. koenigii, and only of alkaloids in M. oleifera. There was a decrease in the total chlorophyll content of the leaves of all four species investigated. P. guajava and A. scholaris can be recommended for plantation along the sides of roads with heavy traffic movement. Since PSMs are seen to accumulate as a defense mechanism against air pollution too, as in various abiotic and biotic stresses, they can be used as biomarkers for stress tolerance in plants. 相似文献
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在具有城市重点污染源的排放数据的条件下,利用人工神经网络的自学习、自组织、自适应和较强容错性等特点,探讨B—P神经网络应用于城市空气质量预测的适用性。试验结果表明：此种方法基本适用,且在污染源监测数据充足的基础上,预测结果会更加准确。 相似文献
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Victor Chidubem Iwuoha 《Local Environment》2020,25(8):631-640
ABSTRACT This study explores the experience of the sub-urban slum residents in Okpoko (Anambra State), Ngwa-road Aba (Abia State), Ajegunle (Lagos State) and Gwagwalada (Abuja), to underscore the elitist and western contexts of Covid-19 lockdown and physical distancing policies. The study apprehends these policies as being counter-productive due to Nigeria’s peculiar socio-economic circumstances, and brainstorms on the need and prospects for adaption and institutionalisation of an indigenous Afro-centred approach towards the containment of the Covid-19 pandemic. The use of herbal mixtures or local concoctions such as parboiled garlic cloves, lemon and ginger juice in the treatment and/or prevention of Covid-19 pandemic is a popular home-grown indigenous approach/practice which is generally believed to have inhibitory effects against Covid-19 by majority of the local people. These herbal remedies should be formally investigated, validated and encouraged in Nigeria as an alternative indigenous approach for the prevention and treatment of Covid-19 pandemic. 相似文献
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我国城市大气污染现状与特点 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
中国城市化和工业化的快速发展与能源消耗的迅速增加,给中国城市带来了很多空气污染问题。20世纪70年代期间,煤烟型污染排放成为中国工业城市的特点;80年代,许多南方城市遭受严重的酸雨危害;近年来,汽车尾气排放的NOx、CO及随后形成的光化学烟雾,使得许多大城市的空气质量恶化。城市空气污染影响着城市居民的健康和城市的发展。为控制空气污染和保护大气环境质量,我国政府已经实施了许多规划。本文概述了当前中国城市特别是重点城市的空气质量状况,描述一些主要城市空气污染物包括总悬浮颗粒、PM10、PM2．5、SO2、酸雨、NOx/NO2的特点。尽管采取了很多应对措施,但目前我国城市的空气质量依然不容乐观,文中还讨论了未来城市空气污染控制面临的问题。 相似文献
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This paper provides an assessment of the tools required to fulfil the air quality management role now expected of local authorities within the UK. The use of a range of pollution monitoring tools in assessing air quality is discussed and illustrated with evidence from a number of previous studies of urban background and roadside pollution monitoring in Leicester. A number of approaches to pollution modelling currently available for deployment are examined. Subsequently, the modelling and monitoring tools are assessed against the requirements of local authorities establishing air quality management areas. Whilst the paper examines UK-based policy, the study is of wider international interest. 相似文献
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R. L. Miller J. F. Cruise E. Otero J. M. Lopez 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1994,30(2):271-282
ABSTRACT: The spatial distribution of suspended particulatematter (SPM) was estimated in Mayagüez Bay on the west coast of Puerto Rico by using traditional ship board measurements and remotely sensed data acquired over four days during January 1990. This effort was part of a joint project between NASA and the University of Puerto Rico to develop techniques to monitor the water quality of a Caribbean coastal zone. This paper presents the methods and algorithms developed to map and analyze short term changes in the source and spatial distribution of SPM in Mayagüez Bay by using remotely sensed data acquired by the Calibrated Airborne Multispectral Scanner (CAMS). A PC-based data acquisition system was developed to record continuous ship measurements of select in- water variables. Spectral reflectances derived from CAMS red and near-IR data were corrected for atmospheric effects and then used to generate maps of SPM. These maps displayed SPM plumes associated with the mouths of the bay's three river systems. Significant day-to-day differences in the spatial characteristics were observed, suggesting that changes in river discharge occurred. However, an analysis of estimated river discharge, sediment yield, local wind field, and thermal river plume indicates that observed sediment plumes result primarily from wind-driven resuspension events. 相似文献