巴布亚新几内亚构造演化与找矿潜力

巴布亚新几内亚在大地构造位置上位于欧亚板块、印度-澳大利亚板块和太平洋板块的结合部位。本文介绍了自晚白垩世以来巴布亚新几内亚经历的复杂地质构造演化过程,不同板块间的汇聚、碰撞、俯冲和拆离、扩张等地质作用形成了以区内南部克拉通、中部褶皱带及北部岛弧带为特点的地质构造单元,在区内形成了具有活动大陆边缘特色的成矿系统,对寻找以斑岩型和浅成低温热液型铜金矿、红土型镍矿为主要成矿类型具有重要意义。     

巴布亚新几内亚浅成低温热液型金矿概述

巴布亚新几内亚大地构造位置上位于欧亚板块、印度-澳大利亚板块和太平洋板块三大板块结合部位,自白垩纪以来经历了复杂的构造演化过程,形成了特有的沟-弧-盆体系,使得区内广泛发育了岩浆弧有关的浅成低温热液型金矿。区内的浅成低温热液型金矿可分为低硫型和高硫型两种,而根据矿物组成、形成深度的不同,低硫型矿床又可分为石英-硫化物型、碳酸盐-贱金属型、浅成低温石英型和冰长石-绢云母型四个亚类型,低硫型金矿的不同的矿化亚类型常相互叠加,对于形成大型、超大型的金矿具有重要的意义。     

巴布亚新几内亚波格拉斑岩型铜-金矿床富Nb碱性火成岩成因新解

巴布亚新几内亚波格拉(Porgera)斑岩铜—金矿床的侵入杂岩岩石类型为碱性玄武岩→夏威夷岩(粗面玄武岩)→橄榄粗安岩套。微量元素总体特征是富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)(Sr、Ba)和高场强元素(HFSE)(Zr、Nb、Th)。在微量元素蛛网图上显示宽的Th、Nb、U峰和Ti、H f、Y的谷。该矿床夏威夷岩和橄榄粗安岩是一套板内富Nb碱性玄武岩系列,属于大陆O IB碱性侵入岩,而不是洋岛OIB系列,与地幔柱活动相关。波格拉侵入杂岩形成于弧—陆碰撞环境,为新生代主动大陆边缘板内碱性玄武岩的典型代表之一。     

Crop diversity in tropical Swidden cultivation: Comparative data from Colombia and Papua New Guinea

Traditional swidden or shifting cultivation in the tropics is commonly associated with mixed cropping, from which it is assumed to derive ecological advantages. However, considerable variation exists in the level of diversity of individual swidden communities. This is illustrated by the application of Simpson and Shannon indices to crop compositional data for such communities in the Colombian Amazon and in southwest Papua New Guinea. In these areas, both high-diversity and low-diversity swiddens are encountered, which are apparently of sustainable character. It is inferred that diverse crop communities do not have a monopoly on adaptation in swidden cultivation.     

Tapping practices and SAP yields of the NIPA palm (NIPA Fruticans) in Papua New Guinea

Methods of tapping the nipa palm (Nipa fruticans Wurmb.) were developed in the course of a 3-year study conducted in seven villages in the Baimuru district of the Gulf Province of Papua New Guinea. The experimental sites were located about 1.5–23 km from the sea. Their plant density varied from 4700 to 2400 palms per ha and the mean height of the plants was nearly 13 m.Five pre-treatment patterns were tested. Once-a-week treatment, maintained for 12 weeks, yielded an average of 155 ml of sap/24 h/palm for one month, whereas 3–5-times-a-week treatment, for 5–12 weeks, yielded an average of 1300 ml of sap. The duration of treatment depended on the state of development of the flower stalk. The pre-treatment pattern chosen as the standard was to bend the stalk 12 times in one direction, to pat with the hands the length of the stalk backwards and forwards 64 times, and to give the base four kicks; this was repeated four times a week.In the course of the 3-year study it was found that the average sugar content of fresh nipa sap is rather high, about 16.4% w/v, as compared with, for example, about 12% w/v of sugar cane. The results of the present study are discussed with reference to producing fuel alcohol from the Papua New Guinea nipa palm.     

沉积物中不同形态磷提取方法的改进及其环境地球化学意义

本文给出了一个较为系统的沉积物中不同形态Ｐ的提取方法，将沉积物中Ｐ以吸附态磷，铝结合磷，铁结合磷，闭蓄态磷，自生钙结合磷，原生碎屑磷和有机磷等７种形态分步提取，并重点考虑了分离提取原生碎屑磷和自生钙结合磷，分离提取铝结合磷，分离提取铝结合磷，铁结合磷和闭蓄态磷。本方法具有很强的环境地球化学研究应用价值。     

双酚A对豚鼠的免疫毒性

为了研究BPA(bisphenol A,双酚A)对豚鼠的免疫毒性,经口灌服,以不同剂量(500、1 000 mg/kg)染毒14 d后接种O型口蹄疫疫苗,通过分析脏器系数、淋巴细胞增殖能力、NK细胞(natural killer cell,自然杀伤细胞)活性、特异性抗体水平以及细胞免疫水平,评价BPA染毒剂量对豚鼠体液免疫和细胞免疫的影响.结果表明:与阴性对照组相比,BPA染毒后豚鼠体质量增加,心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脑、脾脏和卵巢体质量也增加,相应脏器系数升高;而胸腺、睾丸和附睾萎缩,相应脏器系数降低.NK细胞数量虽有增加,但变化不显著;BPA染毒引起NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤能力显著下降,并且随着BPA染毒剂量的增加,其对靶细胞的杀伤能力显著下降;淋巴细胞刺激指数显著升高,并与染毒剂量呈正相关.BPA对豚鼠的特异性抗体水平有一定抑制作用,并且随着染毒剂量的增加该抑制作用愈发显著.IL-2(白介素2,interleukin-2)和IFN-γ(干扰素-γ,interferon)水平低于阴性对照组,而IL-4(白介素4,interleukin-4)水平高于阴性对照组;随着染毒剂量的增加,淋巴细胞增殖能力、IL-2和IFN-γ水平显著降低,而IL-4水平显著升高.研究显示,BPA会损伤豚鼠的免疫器官,抑制机体产生体液免疫和细胞免疫,导致免疫功能紊乱.      

宁芜盆地白象山矿区物化探异常特征及找矿意义

白象山铁矿位于宁芜盆地南段钟姑矿田内,是宁芜玢岩型铁矿的重要代表。文章通过研究白象山矿区物性测量、物探测量及地球化学测量的实测数据,对该区物化探异常进行定性分析;以密度、磁性、电阻率等物性参数为纽带,通过定量解释,认为根据该区重力、磁法及CSAMT异常特征可大致定位地层与赋矿岩体的接触位置。有机烃中乙烯、丙烯异常在矿体上方出现明显高值异常,可准确指示隐伏矿体的空间位置,为在宁芜地区寻找隐伏型矿床提供新思路。