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随着《京都议定书》谈判的关闭.中国将成为国际气候谈判首当其冲的关注重点。而国际环境治理制度所存在的问题,将给中国带来巨大压力。未来.中国需要主动积极的在全球治理框架下为国内发展创造更好的环境.而不是单纯把国际压力当做对中国发展的阻碍来防御和抵制。 相似文献
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Maolin Li Xianshi Jin Qisheng Tang 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2012,25(1):33-54
Marine ecosystems are in serious troubles globally, largely due to the failures of fishery resources management. To restore
and conserve fishery ecosystems, we need new and effective governance systems urgently. This research focuses on fisheries
management in ancient China. We found that from 5,000 years ago till early modern era, Chinese ancestors had been constantly
enthusiastic about sustainable utilization of fisheries resources and natural balance of fishery development. They developed
numerous rigorous policies and regulations to guide people to act on natural laws. Being detailed and scientific, the legal
systems had gained gratifying enforcement, due to official efforts and folks’ voluntary participation in resource management.
In-depth analyses show that people’s consciousness of ecological conservation was derived from the edification of kinds of
ancient eco-ethical wisdom, such as totemism, nature worship, Zhou Yi, Taoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Mohism, etc. All this Chinese classical wisdom have the same cores: “Nature and Man in One”
spirit, frugality and “All things are equal” concept. The findings show that eco-ethical thinking is never inconsistent with
social ethic systems, and it’s of great importance to give legal effect to usual ecological moral claims and eco-ethical requirements
of the public in protecting the environment. The eco-ethical wisdom is efficient in assisting and urging people to fulfill
humans’ obligation for nature. Finally, it’s believed that present world fisheries management will benefit a lot from all
these ancient Chinese thoughts and practices. People are expected to make the most of the eco-ethical wisdom, strengthen fishery
legislation and fully stimulate their voluntary participation in both marine fishery resources conservation and fishery cyclic
economy. 相似文献
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制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准(GB 3544-2008) 本标准规定了制浆造纸企业或生产设施水污染物排放限值.本标准适用于现有制浆造纸企业或生产设施的水污染物排放管理. 相似文献
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Andreas Thiel 《Environmental management》2010,46(1):44-59
Water management has been significantly reshaped throughout recent decades in Europe and worldwide. Vivid examples of this
restructuring include Southern European coastal zones which have been transformed into the European “pleasure periphery” over
the last 40 years, requiring significant changes in water service provision. Taking it as an illustrative case of the Southern
European coastal freshwater crisis and the way different European Member States have dealt with it, the article provides an
account of the Algarve, indicative of typical Portuguese dynamics, and compares it with developments in other European countries.
Expanding demands on water services in this region led to a crisis situation throughout the nineties, which was resolved by
shifting physical infrastructures and competencies to the supra-local level. The re-scaling of water management was instrumental
to expanding national control over the sector at the expense of local authorities and privatization. The national level used
European funds and regulations to re-configure the institutional and infrastructure set-up in order to provide for tourism
and agricultural expansion. Quality tourism was constructed as a decentral, hegemonic state spatial project, with the Algarvian’s
entire water resource base being put at its disposal. The solution found illustrates a modified version of the supply side
and surface water oriented “hydraulic paradigm” in Portugal: geared towards tourism and urban areas and the maintenance of
irrigation agriculture. Delays in infrastructures, ideological preferences, maintaining national control over strategic water
services and territoriality contributed towards the construction of water services as part of this hegemonic state spatial
strategy for tourism expansion. 相似文献
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Environmental Impact Assessment Under the National Environmental Policy Act and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
US government actions undertaken in Antarctica are subject to the requirements of both the Protocol and the US National Environmental
Policy Act (NEPA). There are differences in the scope and intent of the Protocol and NEPA; however, both require environmental
impact assessment (EIA) as part of the planning process for proposed actions that have the potential for environmental impacts.
In this paper we describe the two instruments and highlight key similarities and differences with particular attention to
EIA. Through this comparison of the EIA requirements of NEPA and the Protocol, we show how the requirements of each can be
used in concert to provide enhanced environmental protection for the antarctic environment. NEPA applies only to actions of
the US government; therefore, because NEPA includes certain desirable attributes that have been refined and clarified through
numerous court cases, and because the Protocol is just entering implementation internationally, some recommendations are made
for strengthening the procedural requirements of the Protocol for activities undertaken by all Parties in Antarctica.
The Protocol gives clear and strong guidance for protection of specific, valued antarctic environmental resources including
intrinsic wilderness and aesthetic values, and the value of Antarctica as an area for scientific research. That guidance requires
a higher standard of environmental protection for Antarctica than is required in other parts of the world. This paper shows
that taken together NEPA and the Protocol call for closer examination of proposed actions and a more rigorous consideration
of environmental impacts than either would alone. Three areas are identified where the EIA provisions of the Protocol could
be strengthened to improve its effectiveness. First, the thresholds defined by the Protocol need to be clarified. Specifically,
the meanings of the terms “minor” and “transitory” are not clear in the context of the Protocol. The use of “or” in the phrase
“minor or transitory” further confuses the meaning. Second, cumulative impact assessment is called for by the Protocol but
is not defined. A clear definition could reduce the chance that cumulative impacts would be given inadequate consideration.
Finally, the public has limited opportunities to comment on or influence the preparation of initial or comprehensive environmental
evaluations. Experience has shown that public input to environmental documents has a considerable influence on agency decision
making and the quality of EIA that agencies perform. 相似文献
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同志们: 我们今天召开的安全生产、环境保护和健康工作会议,是在集团公司重组改制、存续企业和股份公司分开分立、独立运作、HSE管理体系正式发布一年后的专业工作会议。会议的主要任务是:贯彻集团公司2001年工作会议要求,总结经验,部署任务,研讨措施,动员各企业进一步认清形势、加强领导、开拓创新、求真务实,扎实地做好“十五”第一年的安全、环境与健康工作,努力提升新世纪集团公司HSE整体管理新水平。 现在,我代表集团公司质量安全与环保部,做安全生产、环境保护和健康工作报告。主要讲三部分。 1 2000年工作回顾 在集… 相似文献
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This paper is an introduction to the following series of papers that report on in-depth investigations that have been conducted at five agricultural study areas across the United States in order to gain insights into how environmental processes and agricultural practices interact to determine the transport and fate of agricultural chemicals in the environment. These are the first study areas in an ongoing national study. The study areas were selected, based on the combination of cropping patterns and hydrologic setting, as representative of nationally important agricultural settings to form a basis for extrapolation to unstudied areas. The holistic, watershed-scale study design that involves multiple environmental compartments and that employs both field observations and simulation modeling is presented. This paper introduces the overall study design and presents an overview of the hydrology of the five study areas. 相似文献
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Sediment Flux to the Sea as Influenced by Changing Human Activities and Precipitation: Example of the Yellow River,China 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Jiongxin X 《Environmental management》2003,31(3):0328-0341
Since the 1970s, the sediment flux of the Yellow River to the sea has shown a marked tendency to decrease, which is unfavorable
for wetland protection and oil extraction in the Yellow River delta. Thus, an effort has been made to elucidate the relation
between the sediment flux to the sea and the drainage basin factors including climate and human activities. The results show
that the sediment flux to the sea responds to the changed precipitation in different ways for different runoff and sediment
source areas in the drainage basin. If other factors are assumed to be constant, when the annual precipitation in the area
between Longmen and Sanmenxia decreases by 10 mm, the sediment flux to the sea will decrease by 27.5 million t/yr; when the
precipitation in the area between Hekouzhen and Longmen decreases by 10 mm, the sediment flux to the sea will decrease by
14.3 million t/yr; when the precipitation in the area above Lanzhou decreases by 10 mm, the sediment flux to the sea will
decrease by 17.4 million t/yr. A multiple regression equation has been established between the sediment flux to the sea and
the influencing factors, such as the area of land terracing and tree and grass planting, the area of the land created by the
sediment trapped by check dams, the annual precipitation, and the annual quantity of water diversion by man. The equation
may be used to estimate the change in the sediment flux to the sea when the influencing variables are further changed, to
provide useful knowledge for the environmental planning of the Yellow River drainage basin and its delta. 相似文献
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James P. Dorian Allen L. Clark Gyoo J. Jeon Daniel E. Snowden 《Natural resources forum》1990,14(4):258-270
Remarkable changes are occurring within the economies of the USSR, China and India that are influencing mineral industry activities. These three countries account for a major share of world minerals production and consumption. Their domestic reforms may ultimately have a serious impact on the global mining industry. This paper examines the present status of the Soviet, Chinese and Indian mineral industries, and forecasts conditions to 2010. Long-term characteristics analysed include industrial production, intensity of use, consumption, mine and plant expansion and trade policy. Six metals are highlighted in the study – aluminium, copper, lead, nickel, steel and zinc. 相似文献
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In 1999 China adopted the "Conversion of Cropland to Forest and Grassland Program" (CCFGP), a nationwide ecological recovery program, to minimize wide-scale soil erosion and vegetation degradation in China, as well as to improve water budgeting results. In the 10 yr since implementation, the CCFGP has resulted in the recovery and reforestation of >100,000 km of cropland and bare land, though the quantitative effect of this program on catchment water budget is not entirely clear. Therefore, we used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool to evaluate and quantify the effects of the CCFGP on the water budget of the Jinghe River catchment, a tributary of the Yellow River covering the central region of the Loess Plateau. Our results indicated that precipitation had dropped by 12.0% from the 1970s (611.6 mm) to the 2000s (538 mm) and that there was a corresponding 25.2% decrease in humidity index from 0.48 to 0.36. Before the CCFGP's implementation, forest and grassland had been decreasing, while bare land, cropland, and shrub land had been increasing. After the implementation of the CCFGP, the opposite trend was observed. Moreover, streamflow increased by about 15 and 20% for the upstream and middle stream subbasins, respectively, while soil water content also showed an obvious increase. Over the same period, evapotranspiration decreased by 5.2 and 13.5 mm and runoff decreased by 37.5 and 38.6% in the two subbasins. The same trends were obtained in the downstream subbasin, where changes were even greater. As a result of the reduced runoff and evapotranspiration, utilization of water resources was more efficient and ecological environment was improved under the CCFGP policy. Our results indicate the CCFGP resulted in a favorable ecological impact and should therefore be maintained. 相似文献