Coverage of motor vehicle crashes with injuries in U.S. newspapers, 1999-2002

Problem

The aims of the study were to evaluate information on motor-vehicle crashes with injuries provided in newspaper reports and to assess the frequency of thematic and episodic reporting of motor-vehicle crashes.

Method

The study used Fatal Analysis Reporting System (FARS) derived variables to code a nationally representative sample of U.S. newspaper reports of motor-vehicle crashes from 1999-2002. A total of 473 newspaper reports of motor-vehicle crashes with injuries were included. Information on the crash event, people involved, and vehicles was extracted. The reports were coded for episodic and thematic news framing.

Results

A majority of newspaper reports used episodic framing. The majority of reports included information on the type of crash, but characteristics about people and vehicles were rarely reported.

Discussion

Lack of information in newspapers makes them an incomplete source from which to influence public perceptions and attitudes.

Impact on industry

This provides an opportunity for news print media to improve public health content.

Impact on industry

Newspapers represent an important source of public information; they are, however, an incomplete source [Voight, B., Lapidus, G., Zavoski, R., & Banco, L. (1998). Injury reporting in Connecticut newspapers. Injury Prevention, 4, 292-294.; Baullinger, J., Quan, L., Bennett, E., Cummings, P., & Williams, K. (2001). Use of Washington state newspaper for submersion injury surveillance. Injury Prevention, 7, 339-342]. To increase the accuracy of information provided to the public through media sources, there is a need for increased communication between public health professionals and reporters.The results of this study raise concerns about the contents of motor-vehicle crash information provided in newspapers and suggest that newspapers do not provide information to allow public perception to be in accord with the importance of motor-vehicle crash injuries and health promoting actions to reduce risk of injury. More balanced and detailed information in newspapers would provide an opportunity for news print media to improve public health programs and public perception about the impact of motor-vehicle crashes on safety for all.     

中美日突发公共事件应急管理机制的比较研究

针对中国、美国和日本的应急管理机制,分析比较了其基本构成和运行机制,总结了各自的优缺点及可借鉴的先进经验,指出为了构建科学有效的突发公共事件应急管理机制必须:①进一步完善应急联动机制及应急指挥系统,实行统筹规划;②增加应急财政投入,完善公共财政应急反应机制;③加强应急法制建设,明确政府、企业和公民等的职责;④整合应急资源,加强应急管理机制与国防动员机制的结合;⑤着眼于基层综合灾害风险管理,实现应急工作的全民参与。     

Off-road truck-related accidents in U.S. mines

IntroductionOff-road trucks are one of the major sources of equipment-related accidents in the U.S. mining industries. A systematic analysis of all off-road truck-related accidents, injuries, and illnesses, which are reported and published by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), is expected to provide practical insights for identifying the accident patterns and trends in the available raw database. Therefore, appropriate safety management measures can be administered and implemented based on these accident patterns/trends.MethodsA hybrid clustering-classification methodology using K-means clustering and gene expression programming (GEP) is proposed for the analysis of severe and non-severe off-road truck-related injuries at U.S. mines. Using the GEP sub-model, a small subset of the 36 recorded attributes was found to be correlated to the severity level.ResultsGiven the set of specified attributes, the clustering sub-model was able to cluster the accident records into 5 distinct groups. For instance, the first cluster contained accidents related to minerals processing mills and coal preparation plants (91%). More than two-thirds of the victims in this cluster had less than 5 years of job experience. This cluster was associated with the highest percentage of severe injuries (22 severe accidents, 3.4%). Almost 50% of all accidents in this cluster occurred at stone operations. Similarly, the other four clusters were characterized to highlight important patterns that can be used to determine areas of focus for safety initiatives.ConclusionsThe identified clusters of accidents may play a vital role in the prevention of severe injuries in mining. Further research into the cluster attributes and identified patterns will be necessary to determine how these factors can be mitigated to reduce the risk of severe injuries.Practical applicationAnalyzing injury data using data mining techniques provides some insight into attributes that are associated with high accuracies for predicting injury severity.     

美国注册安全师机制

概述专业人士一般熟悉具有90多年历史的美国安全工程师学会但也许不了解美国实际上并没有安全工程师这一称谓安全工程师学会实乐上是一个职业安全从业人员的会员制学会和一般的专业学会职能基本相同在美国安全工程师“实际上称为注册安全师。注册安全师不仅是安全工程专家他们在企业安全管理保险公司损失控制等方面也有很深的造诣这也许就是用安全师而不用安全工程师名     

美国社区救灾反应队

背景:一场大地震美国社区救灾反应队的概念是由洛杉矶市消防局在1985年提出并付诸实施的。在1987年得到了全社会的重视。1987年加利福尼亚威蒂尔峡谷发生了一次大地震,此次地震证明,一场大型灾难发生后,由于受难者的人数众多、通讯联络中断和道路阻塞等原因使救灾工作变得困难,人们不得不依赖互相帮助以满足救灾的瞬时需要。这样的例子在墨西哥市的一次大地震中也能找到很好的佐证。在墨西哥的这场大地震中,没有受过训练的自发自愿者挽救了800人的生命,可是也有100人在救难中丧生。这个代价太高,经过训练完全可以避免如此高的代价。美国人开始认识到在灾难尚未来临前政府所应扮演的重要角色。首先,政府应告知     

国外单兵装备介绍之美国警察专责特别行动小组(SWAT)

概述 1967年,美国第一个警察专责特别行动小组(SWAT)在美国的洛杉矶诞生.从此以后,全美国的警察力量都日益军事化了.包括乡村的警察局在内的各警察局,都纷纷建立了属于自己的警察专责特别行动小组.它们在60年代和70年代的国内骚乱中起了一番作用.80年代,反毒品战愈演愈烈,这种准军事化警察部队在很多城市都被用于打击毒品贩子.目前,许多可以由普通警官来处理的事情,都动用了这些特种部队;大约20%的警局都说,他们的特种部队是用来在社区进行巡逻的.     

美国西屋门禁系统方案

随着企事业管理现代化方向意识不断增强,基于卡出入口控制系统的管理模式已日趋普及.在应用过程中,系统商及用户越来越意识到产品的稳定性、功能的全面性成为品牌选择的关键. 美国西屋门禁系统一直以来以其卓越的稳定性得到用户的高度认可并成为大系统的首选品牌.     

美国能源部(DOE)安全技术

40多年来,美国能源部(DOE)一直扶持一项技术开发计划来支持保护核武器设施的警卫和安全政策.基本安全系统工程概念仍然有效,但设施系统的具体构成必须不断更新来应对恐怖分子的威胁和能力、更换老化部件和系统的需要.技术开发计划(TDP)的使命必须是多样性的,是为了保护各种各样的重要财产,如核武器、各种形式的特殊核材料、机密核武器设计信息、核设施、国家实验室、计算机系统和美国能源基础设施.考虑到核武器联合体包括位于美国各地区的数十家设施,而且没有两家设施是一样的,TDP是在执行一项颇具挑战性的任务.     

银行数字监控系统改造的检测分析

目前银行已开始广泛采用数字监控系统.用途包括柜员制和安全管理.现在都采用数字硬盘录像机来进行录像和存储,利用这套系统对原来的监控系统进行改造.如将原来安装的安全管理摄像机信号传输至硬盘录像机,这样更便于管理,也增强取证的准确性.柜员制可以将每一天的柜员收付情况以图像和声音的方式记录下来,一旦发生差错,可以通过录像录音进行复核.通过对几十个银行监控系统的检测,总结了一些心得,现以6路柜员和6路安全监控系统组成的储蓄所或支行数字监控系统改造为例解析方案.     

银行数字监控系统改造的检测分析

目前银行已开始广泛采用数字监控系统.用途包括柜员制和安全管理.现在都采用数字硬盘录像机来进行录像和存储,利用这套系统对原来的监控系统进行改造.如将原来安装的安全管理摄像机信号传输至硬盘录像机,这样更便于管理,也增强取证的准确性.柜员制可以将每一天的柜员收付情况以图像和声音的方式记录下来,一旦发生差错,可以通过录像录音进行复核.通过对几十个银行监控系统的检测,总结了一些心得,现以6路柜员和6路安全监控系统组成的储蓄所或支行数字监控系统改造为例解析方案。     

基于风险的运输安全评价——美国化学工业运输安全指南（摘要）

本指南是由运输专家,工厂管理员和其他负责产品,原材料的安全运输人员编写的,目的是叙述运输期间需考虑的安全问题,减少危险品给公众、搬运人员、销售人员、司机、合同工和工人造成危害的风险及对环境的破坏。指南提出了与危险品运输有关的安全问题。指南适用于所有的运     

美军信息化单兵防护装备浅析

信息化单兵防护装备集战场防护、信息处理功能于一体,以士兵作战需求为核心,采用新材料及新技术,通过一体化、系统化集成设计,有效利用士兵身体作为携行平台,实现了单兵综合作战效能的提升。     

美国海军工作服发展现状

本文主要介绍了美国海军现用的工作服装种类、服装构成及穿着场合,并与我国海军07式作训服进行了对比分析。     

Gasoline prices and traffic crashes in alabama, 1999-2009

Objective: The price of gasoline has been found to be negatively associated with traffic crashes in a limited number of studies. However, most of the studies have focused either on fatal crashes only or on all crashes but measured over a very short time period. In this study, we examine gasoline price effects on all traffic crashes by demographic groups in the state of Alabama from 1999 to 2009. Methods: Using negative binomial regression techniques to examine monthly data from 1999 to 2009 in the state of Alabama, we estimate the effects of changes in gasoline price on changes in automobile crashes. We also examine how these effects differ by age group (16-20, 21-25, 26-30, 31-64, and 65+), gender (male and female), and race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic). Results: The results show that gasoline prices have both short-term and long-term effects on reducing total traffic crashes and crashes of each age, gender, and race/ethnicity group (except Hispanic due to data limitations). The short-term and long-term effects are not statistically different for each individual demographic group. Gasoline prices have a stronger effect in reducing crashes involving drivers aged 16 to 20 than crashes involving drivers aged 31 to 64 and 65+ in the short term; the effects, however, are not statistically different across other demographic groups. Conclusions: Although gasoline price increases are not favored, our findings show that gasoline price increases (or decreases) are associated with reductions (or increases) in the incidence of traffic crashes. If gasoline prices had remained at the 1999 level of $1.41 from 1999 to 2009, applying the estimated elasticities would result in a predicted increase in total crashes of 169,492 (or 11.3%) from the actual number of crashes. If decision makers wish to reduce traffic crashes, increasing gasoline taxes is a possible option-however, doing so would increase travel costs and lead to equity concerns. These findings may help to shape transportation safety planning and policy making.     

Deaths in construction related to personnel lifts, 1992-1999

Problem: This study examined deaths of construction workers due to personnel lifts (boom-supported and scissor lifts, suspended scaffolds, and crane platforms). Methods: Deaths of construction workers for 1992–1999 were examined using data from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, a Bureau of Labor Statistics database. Results: The study identified 339 deaths: 42% from boom-supported lifts; 26% from suspended scaffolds; 19% from scissor lifts; 5% from crane platforms; and 7% from unapproved lifts (e.g., forklift platforms). The main causes of death were falls (36%), collapses/tipovers (29%), and electrocutions (21%). Discussion: Recommendations include: following OSHA regulations, wearing personal fall protection equipment, adequate maintenance, inspection before use, and training on the model of lift used. Precautions are also needed to prevent contact with overhead power lines. Impact on industry: The increasing popularity of boom-supported lifts and scissor lifts, both in construction and other industries, make their safety an important issue.     

美国拟修订现行危险信息标准

<正>美国劳工部职业安全与卫生管理局近日发布了G/TBT/N/USA/216/Add.1号补遗。该局拟修订现行危险信息标准,以符合联合国全球化学品统一分类及标签系统,相信修订提案能够改善向雇主和雇员提供的关于化学危     

美国、澳大利亚的矿山安全

澳大利亚,矿山救护车将开赴现场澳大利亚1991年～2001年矿山死亡人数及伤害次数如下表:(澳大利亚财政年度由每年4月至下一年3 澳大利亚昆士兰州政府为加强矿山安全,已开始进行矿山救护车的研究。研究该车的目的是改善井下矿工的自救能力。该项工作将由位于Redbank的矿山试验研究站与昆士兰州矿山救护服务中心与澳大利亚煤矿协会联合进行。该救护车应能在特