东北、内蒙古东部地区煤炭中微量元素含量及分布规律

研究了东北和内蒙东部各矿区煤炭中As,Ba,Be,Cb,Co,Cr,Cu,Hg,Li,Mn,Ni,Pb,Se,Sr,V,Zn,Zr的含量水平及分布规律.煤灰灰分中多数元素含量高于克拉克值、土壤背景值及植物干物质中含量,呈富集状态.相关矩阵和聚类分析表明,煤炭中微量元素含量与基质元素有密切的依存性.由于复杂的成煤过程,煤炭中微量元素呈现独特的集散规律.     

东北,内蒙古东部地区煤炭中微量元素含量及分布规律

研究了东北和内蒙东部各矿区煤炭中Ａｓ，Ｂａ，Ｂｅ，Ｃｄ，Ｃｏ，Ｃｒ，Ｃｕ，Ｈｇ，Ｌｉ，Ｍｎ，ＮＩ，Ｐｂ，Ｓｅ，Ｓｒ，Ｖ，Ｚｎ，Ｚｒ的含量水平及分布规律，煤炭灰分中多数含量高于克拉克值，土壤背景值及植物干物质中含量，呈富集状态，相关矩阵和聚类分析表明，煤炭中微量元素含量与基质元素有密切的依存性，由于复杂的成煤过程，煤炭中微量元素呈现独特的集散规律。     

橡胶园土壤若干微量元素含量 ——以海南省胶园土为例

胶园土壤微量元素含量有一定的特征。海南省胶园土个别样点Ｃｄ偏高,Ｃｕ偏低,其它样点Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ、Ｐｈ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｏ、Ｈｇ含量正常。土壤母质、质地、化学组成、耕作等对微量元素含量有一定影响。玄武岩上的胶园土微量元素较丰富。质地粘重的土壤微量元素含量往往较高。由于铁的水合物吸附固定作用,Ｃｕ、Ｚｕ、Ｃｄ、Ｈｇ含量与Ｆｅ含量有一定关系。Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ、Ｈｇ的许多化学性质相似,它们的含量有一定的相关性。     

广东省杨村华侨柑桔场土壤微量元素含量与分布的研究

采集并分析全场不同母质形成的有代表性的土壤样本142个.研究结果表明,各类土壤全B、Mo、Zn和Mn含量的平均值均低于全国平均值,全量Cu平均值高于全国平均值.有效B、Mo、Zn和Mn含量的平均值均低于临界值,有效Cu的平均值稍高于临界值;但66.7％的土样有效Cu含量低于临界值.硼、钼、锌和锰严重缺乏,铜多数缺乏.全场各类土壤的微量元素含量差异较大,各类土壤微量元素的垂直和水平分布特征不尽相同,尤其是垂直分布差异明显.从土壤微量元素的全量与母质的关系来看,以玄武岩、紫色砂页岩母质形成的土壤全量较高,砂砾岩母质形成的土壤全量中等,砂页岩和冲积物母质形成的土壤全量较低.     

福建丰产荔枝园土壤微量元素含量的研究

与我国红壤平均水平相比，福建丰产荔枝园土壤有效态锌、钼及水溶态硼含量较高，而活性锰及有效铜含量较低；土壤全锌、锰、钢量亦较低。在土壤ｐＨ４．５４—８．７６时，ｐＨ值与有效态钼含量呈较显著正相关，而与代换态锰、水溶态硼、有效态铁含量呈显著或极显著负相关。本文初步提出福建荔枝园土壤微量元素含量的适宜指标，可供土壤营养诊断及平衡施肥之参考。     

中国东部土壤生物化学性质空间分异及质量评价

中国幅源辽阔,南北跨度大,在自然气候环境的影响和人为因素的干扰下,不同地区土壤养分和土壤微生物种类、数量存在显著的空间差异,进而造成了土壤质量的空间差异。为了解中国东部天然林土壤养分和微生物多样性空间分布规律,本研究依据水热梯度变化特征采集了16个自然保护区52个典型森林土壤样方,测定了土壤养分和微生物指标,包括pH值、有机碳、有机质、总碳、总氮、总磷、总钾、速效磷、速效钾、碱解氮、土壤微生物宏基因组丰度和香农多样性指数。研究发现,中国东部森林土壤养分含量较高,空间差异大,宏基因组香农多样性指数变异系数为0.03,属弱变异,速效磷变异系数为1.17,属强变异。土壤养分(除总氮、总钾外)、土壤微生物宏基因组丰度和香农多样性指数与纬度呈显著正相关。进一步采用主成分分析方法,得出了基于土壤养分和土壤微生物指标的土壤质量综合评价指数。结果表明,1)中国东部森林土壤质量综合指数与纬度呈显著正相关关系。2)较高的土壤养分含量和微生物多样性有利于提高土壤质量,它们在数值上表现为正相关关系,彼此之间存在一定的互作关系。本研究揭示了中国东部地区典型森林土壤养分、微生物多样性和土壤质量空间分异规律,为了解中国东部森林土壤状况以及土壤资源合理可持续利用与管理提供了科学依据。     

连续年龄序列桉树人工林土壤微量元素含量及其影响因素

对连续年龄序列(2 a、3 a、4 a、5 a、6 a)桉树人工林土壤三种微量元素(Fe、Mn、Zn)的含量及其影响因素进行了分析,探讨了土壤微量元素含量随林分年龄的变化规律.土壤养分之间的相关性分析表明,所有年龄阶段的桉树人工林中土壤Fe、Mn、Zn含量与土壤pH值之间呈极显著的正相关,说明土壤微量元素含量强烈受土壤酸度的影响.土壤三种微量元素含量与土壤全K、全ca、全Mg等大量养分元素含量之间均存在显著或极显著的正相关,而与土壤有机C、全N、全P的相关性不明显(0～20 cm表层土壤的Zn除外).总的来说,土壤微量元素含量随桉树人工林年龄的增加呈下降趋势,其中6 a生桉树人工林各土壤层(0～20 cm、20～40 cm、40～60 cm)的Fe、Mn、Zn含量分别比2a生林分下降13.7%～21.8%、55.6%～57.2%和71.0%～73.2%.在当前桉树人工林种植方式下,随着林分年龄的增加,应增施有机、无机肥和Fe、Mn、Zn等微量元素肥料,以有效控制土壤地力衰退和实现桉树人工林可持续经营.     

有机肥料和无机肥料对土壤微量元素含量的影响

五年定位监测的田间试验结果表明，施用有机肥料对土壤铁、锰、铜、锌的消耗具有明显的补充作用，但对有效用的补充仍显不足．因此，土壤硼营养有可能成为作物产量的限制因子．长期单施正要素化肥的土壤有效态铁、锰、铜、锌、硼的含量均明显下降，下降量达3mg／kg以上，其中土壤有效态硼则有潜在缺乏的可能．     

海南岛土壤铬含量的分布特征研究

根据实验分析结果,探讨了成土母质条件、淋溶作用、地貌类型、有机质含量、(游离)氧化铁含量、土壤质地和pH值等因素对土壤含铬量的影响,并指出了海南岛土壤中铬含量的分布特征.     

大气CO2浓度升高对稻田土壤中微量元素的影响

利用中国的稻/麦轮作FACE(Free Air Carbon-dioxide Enrichment)平台技术,应用DTPA浸提土壤的方法,研究大气CO2浓度升高对稻田土壤微量元素有效性的影响。位于扬州的中国稻麦轮作农田生态系统FACE试验平台于2004年6月开始运行,设有FACE圈(高CO2圈)与Ambient圈(对照圈,当前周围大气CO2浓度)2个处理,FACE区CO2浓度比Ambient区高200μmol·mol-1,每个处理含低氮与常氮2个氮肥水平。经过一个稻麦轮作后,分别于水稻生长的分蘖期、抽穗期、乳熟期和成熟期在每个副区多点采集0~5cm和5~15cm的土壤样品,再使用ICP测定土壤样品的DTPA浸提液的方法,得出土壤中有效态Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn的质量分数。结果表明,大气CO2浓度升高都不同程度的增加了0~5cm和5~15cm耕层土壤中DTPA提取态Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn的有效性,尤其对土壤有效Zn质量分数的增加达显著水平。不同N肥处理对土壤DTPA提取态Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn的质量分数无显著性的影响,CO2和N肥处理也未表现出显著性的交互作用。     

癌症与土壤环境中Sn元素的关系

利用土壤环境资料中关于锡元素的32335个数据,癌死亡调查资料787080例,研究了胃癌、食管癌、肝癌、宫颈癌、肺癌、大肠癌、白血病、鼻咽癌、乳腺病死亡率与人鲜生活区土壤环境中锡元素的关系,结果表明。食管癌死亡率与生活区土壤中锡元素质量分数的相关性显著,肝癌、宫颈癌、鼻咽癌死亡率与生活区土壤中锻元素质量分数的相关性极显著,而胃癌、肺癌、大肠癌、白血病、乳腺癌死亡率与生活区土壤中锡元素质量分数的相共性下显著。     

海南省几种草本植物微量元素的组成

海南省位于我国热带地区,草本植物微量元素组成可反映热带区域生物地球化学特点。海南植物微量元素含量属正常范围值,仅个别植物Ｃｄ、Ｈｇ含量偏高。植物Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｏ含量大多在５ｍｇ／ｋｇ以上,Ｐｂ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｄ含量一般低于２ｍｇ／ｋｇ,Ｈｇ、Ａｓ、Ｎｉ通常不足１ｍｇ／ｋｇ。雀稗（Ｐａｓｐａｌｕｍｃｏｍｍｅｒｓｏｎｉ）、地胆草（Ｅｌｅｐｈａｎｔｏｐｕｓｓｃａｂｅｒ）等微量元素含量普遍较高。红裂稃草（Ｓｃｈｉｚａｃｈｙｒｉｕｍｓａｎｇｕｉｎｅｕｍ）、白茅（Ｉｍｐｅｒａｔａｃｙｌｉｎｄｒｉｃａ）等微量元素含量一般较低。植物微量元素组成与植物种类及其生境条件有关。生物吸收系数反映植物摄取元素的强度,Ｍｏ、Ｃｄ、Ｈｇ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ的生物吸收系数通常大于１．０,属强积聚元素,Ｐｂ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、Ａｓ的生物吸收系数大多低于０．３,是弱摄取元素。     

Enrichments of Trace Metals in Particulate Matter From the Southern East China Sea,North of Taiwan

Abstract

This study investigates the distributions and enrichments of trace metals in suspended and sinking particulate matter from southern East China Sea (ECS) north of Taiwan during the period April 1992 to April 1993. According to these results, concentration of suspended particulate matter in the inner shelf of southern China Sea, the upwellinginfluenced shelf break, and in Kuroshio water are 1.30 (surface)–4.2 (bottom) mg1^?1, ca. 0.4 mg1^?1 and 0.1–0.2 mg1^?1, respectively, reflecting various influences of terrestrial inputs. A benthic nepheloid layer (BNL), apparently owing to resuspension of local and/or remote bottom sediments, formed over the shelf region. Temporal variations in trace metal contents and enrichments in suspended matter from the shelf region reflect the variation of metal inputs from Chinese rivers, particularly from the Changjiang runoff. the enriched metals are more likely to be derived from anthropogenic input, rather than from biological accumulation. in addition, a decrease in metal contents and an increase in salinity confirm the transport of suspended particulate metals from the East China Sea shelf to the open ocean. the feature of metal plume in the intermediate layer (550–800m) of Kuroshio water also verifies this occurrence. Moreover, the sinking particles collected from a sediment trap on the upper slope are relatively enriched in lithogenic matter and trace metals, suggesting the deposit of anthropogenic metals in the slope area.     

Enrichments of Trace Metals in Particulate Matter From the Southern East China Sea, North of Taiwan

This study investigates the distributions and enrichments of trace metals in suspended and sinking particulate matter from southern East China Sea (ECS) north of Taiwan during the period April 1992 to April 1993. According to these results, concentration of suspended particulate matter in the inner shelf of southern China Sea, the upwellinginfluenced shelf break, and in Kuroshio water are 1.30 (surface)-4.2 (bottom) mg1^-1, ca. 0.4 mg1^-1 and 0.1-0.2 mg1^-1, respectively, reflecting various influences of terrestrial inputs. A benthic nepheloid layer (BNL), apparently owing to resuspension of local and/or remote bottom sediments, formed over the shelf region. Temporal variations in trace metal contents and enrichments in suspended matter from the shelf region reflect the variation of metal inputs from Chinese rivers, particularly from the Changjiang runoff. the enriched metals are more likely to be derived from anthropogenic input, rather than from biological accumulation. in addition, a decrease in metal contents and an increase in salinity confirm the transport of suspended particulate metals from the East China Sea shelf to the open ocean. the feature of metal plume in the intermediate layer (550-800m) of Kuroshio water also verifies this occurrence. Moreover, the sinking particles collected from a sediment trap on the upper slope are relatively enriched in lithogenic matter and trace metals, suggesting the deposit of anthropogenic metals in the slope area.     

江苏省部分地区农田表土多环芳烃含量比较及来源分析

采集江苏省兴化市、吴江市、宜兴市、南京市六合区的农田表层(0-15 cm)土壤样品共30个,用高效液相色谱测定土壤中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)含量.结果表明,土壤中∑PAHs含量介于45.6～2 286.8 μg·kg-1之间.兴化市、吴江市土壤中PAHs平均含量分别为1 370.3、801.1 μg·kg-1,污染严重;宜兴市、南京市六合区土壤中PAHs平均含量分别为210.8、126.7 μg·kg-1,为轻微污染或无污染.根据不同环数PAHs相对丰度和菲(Phe)/蒽(Ant)、荧蒽(Fla)/芘(Pyr)比值以及对4地的实际调查,发现调查区土壤样品中PAHs来源复杂,主要有机动车尾气排放,煤、草和木材的燃烧以及石油泄漏等.     

不同地区何首乌无机元素含量的比较

采用ICP法测定了不同地区何首乌植物及其生境土壤中的15种元素(Al、B、Ba、Ca、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、Ni、P、Sr、Ti、Zn),分析比较了各种元素在不同地区何首乌体内和生境土壤中的分布规律及不同地区何首乌对无机元素的吸收富集能力.结果表明,不同地区何首乌和土壤中无机元素含量存在着显著差异,德庆、井冈山、靖西三地何首乌的Mn含量较高;不同地区何首乌对元素的富集系数无显著性差异,而何首乌对不同无机元素的富集系数则有显著差异,主要表现在对Ca、K、Mg、Sr的吸收富集能力较强.表6参14     

Contamination of Surface Soils, River Water and Sediments by Trace Metals from Copper Processing Industry in the Churnet River Valley, Staffordshire, UK

The impacts of a functional and a demolished copper processing works on the aquatic and terrestrial environment in the vicinity of the works was investigated by determining the levels of selected trace metals in river water, river sediments, channel margin sediments and overbank soils. Samples were taken at five sites within an area of the Churnet Valley in Staffordshire, where the River Churnet flows through the two works. Analysis of river water samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) has shown that only copper is present above background levels considered to typify uncontaminated rivers. Analysis of river sediments, channel margin sediments and overbank soils by nitric-perchloric acid digestion and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) analysis has indicated contamination by arsenic, cadmium and copper in the vicinity of both works. Arsenic and copper are deposited primarily within the aquatic environment, although some contamination of the terrestrial environment by copper is also observed. Cadmium is deposited primarily within the terrestrial environment. The deposition of arsenic and copper in river and channel margin sediments respectively is also related to current and historical contamination.     

Trace element content in soils of the King George and Elephant islands,maritime Antarctica

Trace element concentrations were studied in soils of the King George and Elephant islands in the maritime part of West Antarctica. The lowest concentrations of Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni and Mn were typical for the pristine soil of Elephant Island. The highest concentrations of these elements were found in the Fildes Peninsula and revealed the influence of human activities in the area of the Bellingshausen station and adjacent waste disposal sites. Ornithogenic soils of the Fildes Peninsula have shown low concentrations of Cd and As. Using geoaccumulation indexes, all the pristine soils of King George and Elephant islands and ornithogenic soils of the Fildes Peninsula were classified as unpolluted; the human-affected soils were mainly identified as moderately polluted. Obtained data can be used as background concentration levels for further researches.