A/O生物脱氮工艺处理生活污水中试(二)系统性能和SND现象的研究

应用A/O中试装置处理实际生活污水,研究了低DO浓度下系统对有机物、氨氮和总氮的去除效果.研究结果表明,低DO浓度下COD和氨氮的平均去除率分别为85%和92%.由于进水C/N比仅为2.93,总氮平均去除率仅为64%,但提高亚硝酸氮积累率可以提高总氮去除率,当亚硝化率从15%增加到85%,总氮去除率将增加12%.氨氮去除率和硝化速率、总氮去除率具有较好的相关性.维持低DO浓度可以实现亚硝酸型同步硝化反硝化反应,基于氮的物料平衡可知它占系统总氮去除率的5%～12%,增加DO浓度将破坏同步硝化反硝化(SND)现象.     

吹脱法预处理焦化废水中氨氮的条件试验与工程应用

针对焦化废水中氨氮对后续生物处理严重冲击的问题,利用实际废水作为研究对象,在试验规模的反应器中研究了废水温度、气液比、吹脱时间和pH值等参数对氨氮吹脱去除率的影响。利用所建立的优化操作条件在70m3/h规模的实际焦化废水处理工程实践中,对氨氮的处理效率稳定在68%~85%。对后续生物处理过程基本不构成影响。     

移动床生物膜反应器净化模拟水产养殖废水的研究

采用移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）净化模拟水产养殖废水.结果表明,MBBR净化模拟水产养殖废水效果良好.在水力停留时间（HRT）为8 h,DO为2.0~3.0 mg·L^-1的条件下,反应器启动迅速、运行稳定,能使COD和氨氮去除率均达到80%以上,TP去除率达到50%左右;有机负荷为（0.76±0.03）kg·m^-3·d^-1时,TN及氨氮去除效果最好,去除率分别达到71.73%及98.42%.为达到良好的TN去除效果,有机负荷不宜低于0.5 kg·m^-3·d^-1;DO为（3.00±0.25）mg·L^-1时,TN去除效果最好,最有利于同步硝化反硝化;为保持较高的氨氮去除效率,并减少亚硝态氮积累,DO浓度不应低于2.0 mg·L^-1;HRT过短会使氨氮去除效率降低,且可能出现亚硝态氮积累;采用序批式进水运行方式,对TP的去除效果优于连续进水方式,但运行周期后半段会出现亚硝态氮积累,对鱼类产生危害.     

焦化废水生物处理技术研究

采用PACT—硝化—-反硝化工艺,处理焦化废水。结果表明,排放水的COD可降至100 mg/l、NH_3-N浓度可达15mg/l,基本达到排放标准。该工艺适合于现有焦化厂废水处理设备的改造。     

溶解氧对分段进水生物脱氮工艺的影响

采用分段进水生物脱氮工艺处理生活污水.设置0.9,0.6,0.4,0.3m³/h4组曝气量,相应的好氧区溶解氧(DO)浓度约为2.8,1.7,0.8,0.5mg/L左右.结果表明,在好氧区DO为0.5mg/L左右的低氧条件下,通过对系统进行适当的控制,可以取得较好的硝化效果,氨氮去除率可达98%以上.同时,由于低曝气量下混合液从好氧区到缺氧区携带的DO量减少,并且在好氧区发生了同步硝化反硝化作用,使得TN去除效果明显优于高曝气量的情况.另外,由于工艺结构的特点,分段进水生物脱氮系统可长期在低氧条件下运行,且污泥沉降性能良好.     

微气泡曝气生物膜反应器同步硝化反硝化研究

同步硝化反硝化(SND)是废水处理中的新型生物脱氮工艺,和传统生物脱氮工艺相比具有显著的应用优势.本研究采用微气泡曝气固定床生物膜反应器,研究了SND过程中污染物去除效果并检测了生物膜功能菌群的变化情况.结果表明,在微气泡曝气固定床生物膜反应器内可以实现同步硝化反硝化,通过提高进水COD负荷和C∶N比,降低溶解氧(DO)浓度,同时增加填料床层孔隙率,可以改善SND效果.当进水COD负荷和总氮(TN)负荷为0.86 kg·(m3·d)-1和0.10 kg·(m3·d)-1,且填料床层孔隙率为81%时,COD和TN的去除率分别为97.6%和70.2%,实现了COD和TN的同步高效去除;同时,微气泡曝气对氧传质的强化作用使得氧利用率高达91.8%.此外,生物膜活性和硝化及反硝化功能菌群的变化,与反应器COD、氨氮和TN去除能力的变化基本一致.     

Effects of COD/N ratio and DO concentration on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in an airlift internal circulation membrane bioreactor

The effects of chemical oxygen demand and nitrogen(COD/N)ratio and dissolved oxygen concentration(DO)on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification(SND)were investigated using an airlift internal circulation membrane bioreactor(AIC-MBR)with synthetic wastewater.The results showed that the COD efficiencies were consistently greater than 90% regardless of changes in the COD/N ratio.At the COD/N ratio of 4.77 and 10.04,the system nitrogen removal efficiency became higher than 70%.However,the nitrogen rem...     

不同DO下MBR内微生物群落结构与运行效果关系

应用A/O-MBR处理实际生活污水,考察了不同溶解氧(DO)条件下,微生物群落结构与其处理效果的对应关系.结果表明,DO浓度在0.2~4.0mg/L对COD去除效果无明显影响,COD平均去除率均在90%以上.DO浓度变化对NH4+-N去除影响较大,DO浓度下降到0.2mg/L时,NH4+-N平均去除率由99%下降到65%.通过PCR-DGGE分析,较高DO条件下(4.0,2.0mg/L)的总细菌微生物群落多样性高于较低DO条件(0.5,0.2mg/L),但其群落结构变化与与反应器的处理效果对应关系不明显;氨氧化菌的群落结构变化较明显,且在不同的DO条件下起主要作用的氨氧化菌的菌属不同,其群落变化与反应器的NH4+-N去除效果相对应,DO为2.0,0.5mg/L时氨氧化菌群落结构比较相似,此时反应系统的脱氮效果也比较好.     

溶解氧对膜生物反应器处理高氨氮废水的影响

采用膜生物反应器(MBR)处理高氨氮有机废水,探讨了溶解氧(DO)对有机物、氨氮、总氮等去除效果的影响。当进水COD1500mg/L,NH4+-N150mg/L,TP为15mg/L,pH7.5～8.0,MLSS控制在6000～7000mg/L,DO在0.5～4mg/L时对COD的去除效果没有明显影响,都可高达95%;在DO为4.0和2.0mg/L时对NH4+-N的去除率都很高,最高可达99.17%,在DO为0.5mg/L时明显降低,最低降至48.30%。在DO2.0mg/L时,取得了较好的同步硝化反硝化效果,COD、NH4+-N、TN去除率分别高达97%、97%、68%。MBR中硝化反应的比氨氮消耗速率与氨氮浓度成零级反应动力学,比氨氮硝化速率为0.0979/d,比常规处理系统中的污泥硝化活性高。     

移动床膜生物反应器同步硝化反硝化特性

采用挂膜填料代替传统膜生物反应器(MBR)的活性污泥,构建一种新型的移动床膜生物反应器 (MBMBR),考察其处理模拟生活污水的效果及同步硝化反硝化(SND)特性.结果表明,移动床膜生物反应器运行67 d,对模拟生活污水表现出良好的去除有机物及同步硝化反硝化能力.进水COD浓度为573.5～997.7 mg/L时,膜出水COD去除率为88.3%～99.2%.进水氨氮浓度为45.5～99.2 mg/L时,膜出水氨氮去除率为72.1%～99.8%,总氮去除率为62.0%～96.3%.批式实验结果表明,生物膜去除总氮的最佳溶解氧浓度为1 mg/L,其中氨氮和总氮去除率分别为100%和60%.生物膜系统内可能存在好氧反硝化现象.DO为3 mg/L且有机碳源充足时,生物膜总氮去除率为99.0%,SND率达到99.8%.扫描电镜对生物膜的观察发现生物膜内部存在着明显的孔隙,有利于溶解氧和有机基质从外界向生物膜内部传递.     

Simultaneous removal of COD and nitrogen using a novel carbon-membrane aerated biofilm reactor

A membrane aerated biofilm reactor is a promising technology for wastewater treatment. In this study, a carbon-membrane aerated biofilm reactor （CMABR） has been developed, to remove carbon organics and nitrogen simultaneously from one reactor. The results showed that CMABR has a high chemical oxygen demand （COD） and nitrogen removal efficiency, as it is operated with a hydraulic retention time （HRT） of 20 h, and it also showed a perfect performance, even if the HRT was shortened to 12 h. In this period, the removal efficiencies of COD, ammonia nitrogen （NH4^＋-N）, and total nitrogen （TN） reached 86%, 94%, and 84%, respectively. However, the removal efficiencies of NH4^＋-N and TN declined rapidly as the HRT was shortened to 8 h. This is because of the excessive growth of biomass on the nonwoven fiber and very high organic loading rate. The fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） analysis indicated that the ammonia oxidizing bacteria （AOB） were mainly distributed in the inner layer of the biofilm. The coexistence of AOB and eubacteria in one biofilm can enhance the simultaneous removal of COD and nitrogen.     

低氧条件下A2/O工艺对城市污水脱氮处理的中试研究

以巢湖市某污水处理厂实际污水为处理对象,基于节能降耗的需求开展A²O工艺中试研究.研究结果表明：当溶解氧从2mg/L降至0.5mg/L时,COD和氨氮的去除率分别为80%和90%,去除性能并未受到影响,没有出现亚硝酸积累,而TN的去除率有较大幅度的提升,从15%提升至44%.低溶解氧条件下,温度降低主要对TN去除率产生影响,从夏季的44%下降至冬季的29%,而氨氮的去除率仍维持在90%以上.由于进水碳源不足,出水主要以硝酸盐氮为主,低温脱氮率仅为29%.长期低氧条件下运行,AOB和NOB的优势种属为Nitrosomonadaceae和Nitrospira,相对丰度分别为2.33%和6.40%.系统NOB在数量和动力学性能上均优于AOB,同时发现存在Denitratisoma好氧反硝化菌,其相对丰度为1.59%.研究结果为低氧条件下实现城市污水脱氮提供了理论和实践依据.     

三级串联人工快渗系统处理高氨氮生活污水

以校园学生生活区高氨氮生活污水为研究对象,采用三级串联人工快渗系统研究其对污染物的去除效果。试验结果表明：三级串联人工快渗系统对COD、氨氮去除率较常规人工快渗系统分别提高了6%、3%,出水均满足GB18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物综合排放标准》一级A标准。总氮去除率提高了20%。C/N较低是影响提高总氮去除...     

低温环境下人工湿地植物组配对养殖废水的处理效果研究

强化低温环境下人工湿地的污水处理能力,对于促进人工湿地的应用推广具有重要的意义。本研究利用绿狐尾藻(Myriophyllum aquaticum)和菖蒲(Acorus calamus L.)两种湿地植物,在室外低温环境下(＜15℃),研究人工湿地植物组配对不同负荷养殖废水的处理效应及关键影响因素。结果表明,在不种、单种和不同顺序混种绿狐尾藻(M.aquaticum)和菖蒲(A.calamus L.)处理下,菖蒲+绿狐尾藻组合湿地(AM)对TN、TP和COD去除率均为最高,在低负荷和高负荷环境下平均去除率分别为74.2%、71.3%、83.0%和67.3%、81.9%、75.3%。相较于空白对照和植物单种的湿地系统,植物混种系统的DO较高,且AM处理在低负荷和高负荷环境下均能保持较高的C∶N。根据Pearson相关性以及PCA分析,DO与TN、NH⁺₄-N去除率显著相关(P<0.05),C∶N与COD去除关联性最好。可见,菖蒲+绿狐尾藻植物组合可能通过改善DO和C∶N等湿地微环境条件来增强湿地对污染物的去除,能够作为低温环境下强化湿地对污染物去除的一种有效措施。     

Enhanced biological nutrient removal by the alliance of a heterotrophic nitrifying strain with a nitrogen removing ecosystem

Nitrogen removal from synthetic wastewater was investigated in an airlift bioreactor （ALB）, augmented with a novel heterotrophic nitrifier Pseudonocardia ammonioxydans H9^T under organic carbon to nitrogen ratios （Corg/N） ranging from 0 to 12. Effect of the inoculated strain was also determined on the settling properties and the removal of chemical oxygen demand （COD）. Two laboratory scale reactors were set up to achieve a stable nitrifying state under the same physicochemical conditions of hydraulic retention time （HRT）, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen （DO）, and operated under the sequencing batch mode. The level of DO was kept at 0.5- 1.5 mg/L by periodic stirring and aeration. Each specific Corg/N ratio was continued for duration of 3 weeks. One of the reactors （BR2） was inoculated with P ammonioxydans H9^T periodically at the start of each Corg/N ratio. Sludge volumetric index （SVI） improved with the increasing Corg/N ratio, but no significant difference was detected between the two reactors. BR2 showed higher levels of nitrogen removal with the increasing heterotrophic conditions, and the ammonia removal reached to the level of 82%-88%, up to10% higher than that in the control reactor （BR1） at Corg/N ratios higher than 6; however, the ammonia removal level in experimental reactor was up to 8% lower than that in control reactor at Corg/N ratios lower than 2. The COD removal efficiency progressively increased with the increasing Corg/N ratios in both of the reactors. The COD removal percentage up to peak values of 88%-94% in BR2, up to 11% higher than that in BR1 at Corg/N ratio higher than 4. The peak values of ammonia and COD removal almost coincided with the highest number （18%-27% to total bacterial number） of the exogenous bacterium in the BR2, detected as colony forming units （CFU）. Furthermore, the removal of ammonia and COD in BR2 was closely related to the number of the inoculated strain with a coefficient index （R2） up to 0.82 and 0.85 for ammonia and     

低温下表面流人工湿地中氨氮型富营养化水体净化研究

以氨氮为主要氮组分的富营养化水体为研究对象,采用批量培养方式对比研究了6.8～7.2℃水温下浮水植物系统(2种水葫芦Eichhornia crassipes、浮萍Lemna minor)、泡沫板系统(无生命覆盖物系统)及空白系统(无覆盖物系统)的脱氮效果,并探讨了6.4～11.2℃水温下不同起始COD浓度(27～105 mg/L)对各污染物去除的影响.结果表明,溶解氧(DO)是影响NH₄⁺-N去除的关键因子之一,好氧时期各系统NH₄⁺-N去除率占整个时期NH₄⁺-N去除率的61%～88%.3种植物系统中NH₄⁺-N的去除率(45%～56%)普遍高于泡沫板系统(38%)与空白系统(38%),而TN和COD去除效果差异则与植物类型有关;随着水体中起始COD浓度的升高,系统中DO逐渐由好氧状态降至0,该结果对NO₃^--N去除率影响最大(去除率由67%上升至95%),而对其它水质指标(COD,TN,NH₄⁺-N)的影响相对较小.     

集成模块系统同步硝化反硝化处理低碳氮比污水的试验

以模拟低C/N比污水为研究对象,采用集成模块式污水处理装置与技术,在反应器主反应区实现了同步硝化反硝化(SND),研究了在不同DO、HRT、C/N比、pH值下污水氨氮、总氮的去除,研究结果表明,DO=1.2~1.4mg/L,总HRT=20h(主反应区HRT=8h),原水C/N=5:1,pH=7.5时,NH3--N可以从15mg/L降至2.5mg/L,总氮可以从20mg/L降至4mg/L,去除率可以达到83%和80%;主反应区SND动力学模型求解得出集成模块式污水处理SND动力学方程及反硝化过程中硝酸盐氮饱和常数 =1.55mg/L,远高于普通活性污泥反硝化过程中的饱和常数0.06~0.2mg/L.集成模块式污水处理技术能高效去除低C/N比污水中的总氮,且具有运行稳定和抗冲击等优点.为中小城镇生活污水深度脱氮提供了技术支持和理论基础.     

焦化废水生物流化床系统脱氮中试研究

以厌氧流化床、缺氧流化床作生物反应器 ,聚合物多孔高分子颗粒作微生物固定化载体 ,采用厌氧 缺氧 好氧工艺进行了焦化废水处理中试研究。结果表明 :当系统稳定运行时 ,进水NH3 N、CODCr、酚平均浓度为 5 39 5mg L、14 88mg L、2 4 7 7mg L时 ,出水NH3 N、CODCr酚平均浓度分别为 14 3mg L、2 5 2 4mg L、0 2mg L ;厌氧流化床、缺氧流化床反应器中存在厌氧氨氧化反应 ,在这 2个阶段NH3 N分别去除 9 8%和 3 3%。该生物流化床系统脱氮技术对现有焦化废水活性污泥法处理系统的改造具有指导意义     

Novel strategy of nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater using pilot Orbal oxidation ditch

A pilot-scale Orbed oxidation ditch was operated for 17 months to optimize nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater of average COD to total nitrogen ratio of 2.7, with particular concern about the roles of dissolved oxygen （DO）, mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） and return activated sludge （RAS） recycle ratio. Remarkable simultaneous nitrification and denitrification （SND） was observed and mean total nitrogen （TN） removal efficiency up to 72.1% was steadily achieved, at DO concentration in the out, middle and inner channel of 0.1, 0.4 and 0.7 mg/L, respectively, with an average M LSS of 5.5 g/L and RAS recycle ratio of 150%. Although the out channel took the major role in TN removal, the role of middle channel should never be ignored. The denitrification potential could be fully developed under low DO, high MLSS with adequate RAS ratio. The sludge settleability was amazingly improved under low DO operation mode, and some explanations were tried. In addition, a scries of simplified batch tests were done to determine whether novel microorganisms could make substantial contribution to the performance of nitrogen removal. The results indicated that the SND observed in this Orbal oxidation ditch was more likely a physical phenomenon.     

pH和DO对好氧颗粒污泥去除高氨氮废水的影响研究

研究使用SBR成功培养的结构紧密、外形规则,具有良好脱氮性能的成熟好氧颗粒污泥处理高浓度氨氮废水,并探讨pH和DO对其处理效果的影响,旨在为工程实践提供理论依据。通过人工模拟废水,以蔗糖作为唯一碳源,NH4Cl为氮源,将进水NH4+-N浓度由300 mg/L逐步提高至900 mg/L,相应的NH4+-N负荷由0.6 kg/(m3.d)提高至1.8 kg/(m3.d),考察pH和DO对其处理效果的影响。研究结果表明:当控制反应器pH为8.0,曝气量为75 L/h时,好氧颗粒污泥脱氮的效果最好,氨氮去处率分别为96.70%9、2.33%。由于运行过程中每隔15 min监测每个反应器pH值,使其维持在各自pH值7.0±0.1范围内。这种酸碱度环境对异养菌等微生物并没有产生抑制作用;因此在各pH条件下,COD去除的所需时间和去除率基本没有差别。在不同的DO下,COD在初始的60 min里降解速度有明显区别。曝气量为150 L/h时,COD的降解速度最快,但是曝气量过大颗粒污泥内部厌氧区被压缩,因此选择最佳的曝气量为75 L/h。