国际职业安全卫生信息中心中国国家中心的建设与发展

信息工作在当代社会各个领域中都占有很重要的位置。有效而充分地发挥国际职业安全卫生信息中心(CIS)中国国家中心的作用,加强国内外在职业安全卫生方面的合作与交流,实现信息资源共享,对进一步做好我国职业安全卫生工作必将产生巨大的促进作用。简要介绍了CIS和CIS中国国家中心的成立和发展情况及其主要工作,着重从它们的发展轨迹中探讨如何充分发挥CIS中国国家中心的作用,进一步做好我国职业安全卫生工作。     

中国海油应急指挥中心建设

2009年8月20-21日在辽宁省大连市召开了“全国安全生产应急平台体系建设工作座谈会”。作为座谈会上中央企业的唯一代表,中国海洋石油总公司（以下简称“中国海油”）质量健康安全环保部总经理宋立崧就“中海油安全生产应急平台建设的现状和经验”进行了专题发言。     

The effective control of major industrial accidents by the Major Industrial Accident Prevention Centers (MAPC) through the Process Safety Management (PSM) grading system in Korea

This paper examines effectiveness of a regulatory enforcement organization (Major industrial Accident Prevention Center, MAPC), and a grading system for implementation of the Process Safety Management (PSM) regulation in Korea. A lot of chemical installations have been built in Korea since the 1960s. The frequent occurrence of major industrial accidents had made people's concerns grow. The Korean government enacted PSM regulations in 1996 in order to curb these accidents.However, a key question is how to make sure companies comply with the PSM regulations. In order to improve company’ compliance with PSM regulations the Ministry of Employment and Labor (MOEL) responsible for the regulation introduced a grading management system in 2001 and then established special supervisory centers for enforcement of PSM regulations in 2005. This paper reviews the role and effectiveness of the system in term of PSM enforcement. The author found that the grade-based approach has encouraged employers to implement the requirements of the PSM regulations. MAPCs play an effective role in enhancing enforcement performance. Although the more chemical plants have been established in Korea, the fewer major industrial accidents have occurred since the introduction of the system. The results may be useful for the policy maker to build an effective and efficient enforcement system.     

2003中国(南京)首届城市与工业安全国际会议暨技术设备展示会

20 0 3中国 (南京 )首届城市与工业安全国际会议将于 2 0 0 3年 10月 2 8～ 30日在江苏南京举行。此次会议由国家安全生产监督管理局安全科学技术研究中心、中国地球物理学会、中科院资源环境科学与技术局、江苏省科学技术协会和香港工程师学会共同主办 ,江苏省科学技术协会具体承办。技术设备展示会与学术会议同期举行。会议筹备秘书处热忱欢迎国内外安全工程技术研究人员、管理人员和其他科技人员及院校师生踊跃参加会议并提交论文。【会议征文要求】范围及内容 :(1)城市公共安全管理、技术与文化　城市安全规划理论与技术 ;城市与工业安…     

国家自然科学基金重点项目 “深部煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害孕灾机制--演化规律及防控基础研究”(52130409)项目介绍

1研究背景和意义随着我国许多煤矿相继进入深部开采,深部高瓦斯压力、高地应力、低渗透性煤层及其围岩之间的耦合作用不断增强,煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害日益加剧。迄今国内外学者对煤与瓦斯突出以及冲击地压机理的认识仍然处于半定量阶段,对于发生机理较为复杂的煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害的认识更处于初步探讨阶段。     

Mitigation of operational failures via an economic framework of reliability,availability, and maintainability (RAM) during conceptual design

Abnormal process situation may lead to tremendous negative impact on sustainability, wellbeing of workers and adjacent communities, company's profit, and stability of supply chains. Failure of equipment and process subsystems are among the primary causes of abnormal situations. The conventional approach in handling failure-based abnormal situations has usually focused on operational strategies. Such an approach overlooks the critical role of process design in mitigating failure, while simultaneously considering the effects of such failure on process economic performance. The aim of this work is to introduce a systematic methodology that accounts for failure early enough during the conceptual design stages. Once a base-case design is developed, the methodology starts by identifying the sources of failure that are caused by reliability issues including equipment, operational procedures, and human errors for a given process system or subsystem. This allows for the identification of critical process subsystem(s) that are more failure-prone or cause greater downtime than other subsystems. Bayesian updating and Monte Carlo techniques are utilized to determine the appropriate distributions for the failure and repair scenario(s), respectively, in question. Markov analysis is used to determine the system availability. Next, the process revenue is described as a function of inherent availability. The effects of failures are incorporated into profitability calculations to establish an economic framework for trading off failure and profitability. In the proposed framework, the economic potential of alternative design scenarios is evaluated and an optimization formulation with the objective of maximizing incremental return on investment (IROI) is utilized to make a design decision. A case study on an ethylene plant is solved to demonstrate the applicability and value of the proposed approach.     

Leader–member social exchange (LMSX): development and validation of a scale

In the last 10 years, research devoted to the construct of leader–member exchange (LMX) has increasingly relied on the tenets of social exchange as a theoretical foundation to propose and test relationships between supervisor‐subordinate dyads and variables of significant consequence. Despite the theory underpinning such relationships, researchers continue to measure LMX with scales developed to assess vertical dyad linkage (VDL), not social exchange. To address this concern, we investigated the content validity of LMX7 (the most widely cited measure of LMX) and LMX‐MDM (a popular multidimensional measure of LMX). Findings from content validity assessments by 25 LMX experts revealed LMX7 and LMX‐MDM items are not representative of the construct of social exchange. As such, we undertook a series of studies to develop a new scale we label, leader–member social exchange (LMSX). Results indicate LMSX is able to assess different, as well as the same, components of the supervisor–subordinate relationship as previous scales while being more theoretically consistent with the notion of social exchange. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.