大气固定污染源监测分析方法的标准化研究

论述了大气监测分析方法标准化研究的特点、内容、样品采集方法和保存条件，样品预处理方法和测定条件，干扰试验、方法的基本特征参数第一轮测定、实际样品的测定等问题。     

影响工业废水中BOD_5测定因素的分析与研究

采用稀释与接种法测定工业废水中的BOD5,并结合CODcr的测定结果,分析影响BOD5测定的因素如稀释倍数、接种液配比等条件进行试验后,得出了最佳试验条件,从而达到提高测定BOD5准确度的目的。     

碘量法测定自来水中余氯实验条件优化的研究

采用碘量法测定自来水中的余氯含量,KI用量、酸度、淀粉用量、加样顺序、反应时间、水温等测定过程中影响因素进行了研究,获得了最佳测定条件.并且将该方法与标准中的N,N-二乙基对苯二胺(DPD)分光光度法进行了比较,结果表明碘量法在最佳实验条件下测定的余氯值与DPD分光光度法相差不大,数据重现性好,准确度高,可以作为自来水余氯的测定方法.     

总氮、总磷联合测定方法的改进

采用钼锑分光光度法测定总氮,考察了在提高温度的条件下,缩短消解时间对测定结果的影响。试验结果表明,调节氢氧化钠和过硫酸钾的用量,在同一溶液内测定总氮、总磷,并且将测定条件改为126～128℃,消解10min,其测定结果和与标准方法对照,精密度及准确度均令人满意。     

实验用水对CODcr测定的质量控制和测定结果的影响研究

本研究了实验用水在CODcr测定条件下，可氧化物对CODcr测定的质量控制和测定结果的影响。指出了制备合格纯水是保征CODcr测定结果准确可靠的重要条件。     

原子荧光光谱法测定水中砷、汞的试验研究

通过对原子荧光光谱仪的性能及测试条件进行多次试验,选择了最佳的分析测试条件,建立了测定水中砷、汞新的分析方法。该法操作简单,快速,其精密度和准确度均能满足测定要求。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定地表水中硒、汞的实验研究

应用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法利用AFS-933型双道原子荧光光度计可双道同时分析的特点同时测定地表水中的硒和汞,在优化的条件下进行实验来验证和分析满足硒、汞同时测定的最佳条件并探讨了提高测定质量的措施方法。     

水中痕量汞的定量分析方法研究

研究了氢化物发生—原子荧光光度法 (HGAFS法 )测定汞的各种影响因素 ,确定了最佳工作条件。在此条件下 ,仪器稳定性好、灵敏度高、检出限低 ,可以直接对天然水中的痕量汞进行准确测定。     

水和废水中阴离子表面活性剂测定的影响因素

亚甲蓝分光光度法测定水和废水中阴离子表面活性剂时受到多种因素的影响。分别从pH、显色剂用量、破乳剂用量、萃取次数、干扰物质等方面进行了条件实验,得到了最佳实验条件,以保证阴离子表面活性剂测定结果的准确性。     

共沉淀富集—固相光度法快速测定微量汞

以Cu2 I2 与Cu2 HgI4 共沉淀法富集微量汞 ,采用固相反射散射分光光度法测定沉淀物中微量汞的含量。探讨了该方法的基本原理 ,选择了最佳的反应条件和测定条件。该法具有快速、简便、灵敏等优点 ,可应用于极谱实验室空气中、土壤、水体及植物体中微量汞的测定。     

基于分档策略的装备统一环境试验条件设计方法

目的 研究提出基于分档策略的装备统一环境试验条件设计方法。方法 首先，对装备力、热、自然等环境试验条件的统一化进行详细论证，研究得到不同类型环境条件的分档策略。然后，对不同型号环境试验条件的项目进行分析，提出环境试验项目“基本项”+“定制项”的统一方法，得到通用试验项目和定制试验项目。随后，对于特定环境试验项目，提出基于极值的“包络式”、基于概率统计的“精细式”和基于就近归集的“分档式”3种统一环境试验条件制定方法，给出各种方法的特点、剪裁方法，并结合典型航天型号，给出应用案例和方法示意。结果 得到了基于分档策略的装备统一环境条件制定的方法，给出了典型装备的分档环境试验条件。结论 从装备的实际出发，提出的基于分档策略的装备统一环境试验条件的设计方法，经实践证明是可行的，对于降低货架产品的研制、批产和验收成本具有重要工程意义，并且对于其他类型产品的技术条件统一化具有重要的借鉴意义。     

Effects of early developmental conditions on innate immunity are only evident under favourable adult conditions in zebra finches

Long-term effects of unfavourable conditions during development can be expected to depend on the quality of the environment experienced by the same individuals during adulthood. Yet, in the majority of studies, long-term effects of early developmental conditions have been assessed under favourable adult conditions only. The immune system might be particularly vulnerable to early environmental conditions as its development, maintenance and use are thought to be energetically costly. Here, we studied the interactive effects of favourable and unfavourable conditions during nestling and adult stages on innate immunity (lysis and agglutination scores) of captive male and female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Nestling environmental conditions were manipulated by a brood size experiment, while a foraging cost treatment was imposed on the same individuals during adulthood. This combined treatment showed that innate immunity of adult zebra finches is affected by their early developmental conditions and varies between both sexes. Lysis scores, but not agglutination scores, were higher in individuals raised in small broods and in males. However, these effects were only present in birds that experienced low foraging costs. This study shows that the quality of the adult environment may shape the long-term consequences of early developmental conditions on innate immunity, as long-term effects of nestling environment were only evident under favourable adult conditions.     

沉积物扰动频率对悬浮物中形态磷数量分布的影响

实验模拟了沉积物在不同扰动频率条件下的悬浮过程,研究了悬浮物中不同形态磷的数量分布规律,并且探讨了形态磷数量分布对生物有效磷(BAP)的影响。结果表明,扰动作用下上覆水中溶解性磷酸盐(DIP)含量低于对照试验,与较小频率(0.015 mg/L)相比,较大扰动频率下DIP平衡浓度(0.011 mg/L)略低。弱吸附态磷(NH4Cl-P)含量降低,铁铝结合态磷(Fe/Al-P)和钙结合态磷(HCl-P)则有所增加,但是容易释放的非闭蓄态Fe/Al-P(藻类可利用磷)则有所降低。随着扰动时间延长,藻类可利用态磷(AAP)占Fe/Al-P的百分比逐渐降低。试验结束,该值分别降至39.52%(扰动频率较小)和27.68%(扰动频率较大)。说明闭蓄态Fe/Al-P含量有所增加。基于Fe/Al-P的迁移活性,采用NH4Cl-P与AAP估算BAP是合理的。扰动作用下,BAP占Tot-P的百分比逐渐降低,试验结束,BAP占Tot-P的百分比分别降至36.71%(扰动频率较小)和29.67%(扰动频率较大)。     

略论婚姻关系的成立要件(续)

(接上期) 笔者认为,上述解释是不科学的。由于我国现行的立法不承认事实婚姻,上述解释使得重婚的概念在逻辑上是不清楚的。这里,有必要对几个概念进行界定,以免引起逻辑上的混乱,在现实生活中,无法对其做出解释和认定。应当把重婚界定为有配偶者,又与他人登记结婚的违法行为。过去,我们广泛使用“非法同居”的概念,但没有一个准确的解释,也没有法律上的     

On the impact of snow cover on daytime pollution dispersion

A preliminary evaluation of the impact of snow cover on daytime pollutant dispersion conditions is made by using conceptual, scaling, and observational analyses. For uniform snow cover and synoptically unperturbed sunny conditions, observations indicate a considerate suppression of the surface sensible heat flux, the turbulence, and the development of the daytime atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) when compared to snow-free conditions. However, under conditions of non-uniform snow cover, as in urban areas, or associated with vegetated areas or bare ground patches, a milder effect on pollutant dispersion conditions would be expected. Observed concentrations of atmospheric particles within the ABL, and surface pollutant concentrations in urban areas, reflect the impact of snow cover on the modification of ABL characteristics.     

思茅大气环境与气象条件的关系

对思茅地区大气环境监测数据进行统计、分析,与当地天气气候条件进行对比,探究思茅地区大气污染状况与气象条件之间的关系.     

湖泊沉积物再悬浮对苦草光合机能的影响

不同光照强度下,研究湖泊表层沉积物再悬浮对苦草光合机能的影响。沉积物再悬浮后大量颗粒细粒径(4μm)颗粒附着在苦草的叶片上,造成叶片的叶绿素含量降低、叶绿体电子传递速率(ETR)和光合系统I(IPSII)活力(Yield)降低、光能耗散过程变化等不利的影响,并且弱光条件下影响程度较大。文章认为水体沉积物再悬浮对沉水植物的影响主要是细粒径(4μm)颗粒的作用。太湖沉积物再悬浮后细质颗粒附着在苦草叶片上,影响其光合机能,是苦草种群退化的重要机制之一。     

基于气象分型的大气环境允许排放量测算方法

本文提出一种基于气象条件分型的城市大气环境允许排放量测算方法,该方法基于环境空气质量和颗粒物组分数据,对气象条件进行分污染天气类型的二次转化规律研究,并确定不同天气类型下的迁移扩散系数.基于扩散理论,建立了污染物排放强度、不同天气类型迁移扩散系数和目标控制浓度之间的关系,在特定区域排放布局和排放方式基本不变的前提下,测算不同天气类型达空气质量标准下的一次PM_2.5,PM₁₀,NO_x和SO₂的允许排放量.以沧州市为例,结合空气质量从优到严重污染程度将对应气象要素依次划分为7种天气类型,测算7种天气类型达空气质量目标下的主要污染物允许排放量.基于2018年基准年的排放量,在天气类型7最不利气象条件下,沧州市一次PM_2.5,PM₁₀,NO_x和SO₂排放量削减率应分别在82.62%,81.17%,75.05%和74.54%以上,才能达到空气质量标准.结果表明,不利气象条件下大气环境允许排放量很小,需要更大力度减少污染物排放,才能避免发生重污染天气.     

河北省元氏县佃户营泥石流灾害形成机理及预报方法的研究

元氏县佃户营是河北省太行山区主要泥石流地质灾害频发区,在现场勘察调查的基础上,对元氏县佃户营泥石流的成因进行了详细的研究,研究表罚:元氏县佃户营泥石流形成的物源条件、降雨条件和施势条件均满足泥石流的形成条件,且形成条件充分.在前人研究的基础上,对元氏县佃户营的降雨条件加以分析和研究,从降雨方面给出该泥石流发生的概率.对...     

Expanded carrier screening: What conditions should we screen for?

Carrier screening tests reproductive couples for their risk of having children affected by serious monogenic conditions. Carrier screening has historically been offered for certain conditions in high-risk populations. However, more recent evidence has shown that offering carrier screening to all patients, regardless of their ethnicity, more effectively and equitably identifies at-risk couples. Coupled with technology that enables screening for a nearly unlimited number of conditions, this expanded carrier screening (ECS) approach is now supported by professional society guidelines. Despite recent recommendations by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics to screen all patients who are pregnant or considering pregnancy for 113 conditions, questions remain about what conditions should be included on a core ECS panel. Here, we briefly review the history of carrier screening and guidelines on criteria for panel design. We then suggest which of these criteria are most critical, as well as thresholds to identify which conditions meet these criteria. Based on these interpretations, we recommend a core panel of 64 conditions that would identify the vast majority of at-risk couples. Widespread adoption of a core panel such as this would result in a marked improvement in the number of patients currently receiving comprehensive carrier screening.