基于GIS的城市环境规划决策支持系统

城市是由于人－地剧烈相互作用而形成的开放的、复杂的社会、经济与环境复合巨系统，在城市环境规划工作中常伴随有大量的结构化、半结构化和非结构化并存的决策问题，这就需要采取人—机交互式的决策支持系统方法来全面支持规划专家的规划活动，同时，城市环境规划本身也是个面向空间实体的操作过程，这也决定了ＧＩＳ将发挥基础性主导工具作用，基于以上两点认识，作者以ＧＩＳ为基本框架，设计了城市环境规划的空间决策支持系统原型方法，实现了城市环境规划数据调查评价、预测、功能区划、规划方案生成与决策、制图等特定功能要求，成为支持城市环境规划的有力工具。     

系统仿真方法在环境规划预测中的应用

讨论了环境规划中区域社会-经济-环境模型建立的原则，提出了适合非定态城市发展过程中规划因子的预测方法，并给出了江苏靖江“十一五”期间环境规划中的具体应用。     

基于工作流的生态环境功能区规划管理业务规范化研究

环境管理业务规范化是实现环境规划管理信息化的前提与基础。以浙江省县级生态环境功能区规划管理信息系统建设为例,开展基于工作流的环境规划管理业务规范化研究,将环境规划管理业务分解成任务、角色、信息3个部分,建立3者间的关系模型,并根据浙江省县级环境保护组织管理构架的共性,建立了规范的、基础性的环境规划管理业务流程。     

乡域环境规划初探

本文提出了环境规划的一个新领域一乡域环境规划，论述了乡域环境规划在保护生态环境、合理利用资源、指导乡镇企业生产和农村城镇化过程中的重要意义，提出了乡域环境规划的理论和研究内容。并且通过一个实例探讨了乡域环境规划的具体内容和存在问题。     

论环境规划实施的一般模式

环境规划实施是政府相关部门根据环境保护的要求,建立组织机构,分解规划目标,在有效地分配和利用人力、财力、物力以及信息资源的条件下,采取宣传、审批、检查、监测和处罚等手段,使规划目标得以实现的动态过程.其一般模式包括宣传、实施计划、实施检查、验收批准和实施效果评估.中国当前的环境规划需要在保障资金、建立信息交流和共享机制、提高公众的参与水平、人员培训和技术支持、完善行政审批和行政问责机制等方面予以加强,并应尽快建立环境规划的法规体系.     

房地产开发项目的环境污染和防治措施

随着我国房地产事业的蓬勃发展，建设开发过程中的环境问题日益突出，如果防治措施不当，会对环境造成一定危害。根据房地产开发项目的污染特点，分别采取不同的防治措施后，可以实现项目开发和环境保护的双赢。     

房地产开发项目的环境污染和防治措施

随着我国房地产事业的蓬勃发展 ,建设开发过程中的环境问题日益突出 ,如果防治措施不当 ,会对环境造成一定危害。根据房地产开发项目的污染特点 ,分别采取不同的防治措施后 ,可以实现项目开发和环境保护的双赢。     

GIM（1）模型的非时序直接建模法及应用

研究提出了ＧＩＭＡ模型的非时序直接建模法，应用表明，方法简便适用，科学合理，不仅拓宽了ＧＩＭ模型在环境系统中的应用范围，还可由此推广到不质环境规划的研究之中去，因而具有一定的使用价值。     

试论规划环评的基本属性——学习《规划环境影响评价条例》的体会

《规划环境影响评价条例》的颁布与实施,标志着环境保护参与综合决策进入了一个新阶段。规划环评是人类对环境问题、尤其是对末端治理反思的结果,是政治民主化和科技社会化发展的必然。《条例》注重实践检验,突出跟踪评价;坚持专家审查、决策管理、公众参与三结合,优势互补,相得益彰;追究法律责任,柔中有刚。重在追究个人责任,专家亦不例外。规划环评源于项目环评,高于项目环评。当前,项目环评和区域限批仍是规划环评的重要抓手。科学性是规划环评的生命线。实践决定一切,实践是实现规划环评科学性的惟一途径。规划环评任重道远。规划环评要坚持为经济服务,为规划服务,为公众服务,实现多方共赢,方能凝心聚力,一往无前。     

规划环境影响评价初探

通过规划环评与项目环评的比较研究，从评价对象、范围、评价指标等方面，提出目前在科学发展观指导下的我国规划环评应实施的战略对策。     

Planning nature-based solutions: Principles,steps, and insights

Nature-based solutions (NBS) find increasing attention as actions to address societal challenges through harnessing ecological processes, yet knowledge gaps exist regarding approaches to landscape planning with NBS. This paper aims to provide suggestions of how planning NBS can be conceptualized and applied in practice. We develop a framework for planning NBS by merging insights from literature and a case study in the Lahn river landscape, Germany. Our framework relates to three key criteria that define NBS, and consists of six steps of planning: Co-define setting, Understand challenges, Create visions and scenarios, Assess potential impacts, Develop solution strategies, and Realize and monitor. Its implementation is guided by five principles, namely Place-specificity, Evidence base, Integration, Equity, and Transdisciplinarity. Drawing on the empirical insights from the case study, we suggest suitable methods and a checklist of supportive procedures for applying the framework in practice. Taken together, our framework can facilitate planning NBS and provides further steps towards mainstreaming.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01365-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

区域规划环境影响跟踪评价的理论研究

随着环境影响评价制度的深入实施,其实施领域已由项目环评向区域环评和规划环评转变,评价内容也由广泛实施的预测评价向后评价和跟踪评价转变。然而,对于区域规划环评的评价层次、评价程序和评价内容,目前还没有明晰的认识;同时,对于促进规划环评有效实施的跟踪评价,其相关的理论和实践研究几乎没有。文中就此问题作了深入探讨。     

城镇垃圾处理系统的统筹规划研究--中山市垃圾处理系统规划设计实践

在对不同类型城市／城镇的特点及差异进行比较、分析的基础上,结合中山市市域垃圾处理系统的构建及处理设施布局的规划、设计实践及专项研究,提出了城镇垃圾处理系统统筹规划的概念——突破行政区域的制约,由一定地域范围的若干镇区构成完整的技术组团式垃圾处理系统。通过对区域范围内的技术、经济、人力、自然条件等各种资源优化配置,实现社会、环境与经济效益的统一。论证了进行统筹规划的必要性及原则、要点与方法。     

关于编制“十二五”环保规划的思考

围绕新形势下创建环保工作新道路这一主线,抓住十二五时期重大环境问题做了深刻思考,提出编制十二五环保规划应建立六个机制,即环境现状的评估机制、总量控制的扩项机制、污染减排的拓展机制、专项规划的环评机制、规划项目的筛选机制、规划执行力的保障机制,对基层工作具有借鉴作用。     

From Multifunctionality to Multiple Ecosystem Services? A Conceptual Framework for Multifunctionality in Green Infrastructure Planning for Urban Areas

Green infrastructure (GI) and ecosystem services (ES) are promoted as concepts that have potential to improve environmental planning in urban areas based on a more holistic understanding of the complex interrelations and dynamics of social–ecological systems. However, the scientific discourses around both concepts still lack application-oriented frameworks that consider such a holistic perspective and are suitable to mainstream GI and ES in planning practice. This literature review explores how multifunctionality as one important principle of GI planning can be operationalized by approaches developed and tested in ES research. Specifically, approaches developed in ES research can help to assess the integrity of GI networks, balance ES supply and demand, and consider trade-offs. A conceptual framework for the assessment of multifunctionality from a social–ecological perspective is proposed that can inform the design of planning processes and support stronger exchange between GI and ES research.     

Balancing urban growth and ecological conservation: A challenge for planning and governance in China

China has high biodiversity and is rapidly urbanizing. However, there is limited understanding of how urban expansion in the country is likely to affect its habitats and biodiversity. In this study, we examine urban expansion patterns and their likely impacts on biodiversity in China by 2030. Our analysis shows that most provinces are expected to experience urban expansion either near their protected areas or in biodiversity hotspots. In a few provinces such as Guangdong in the south, urban expansion is likely to impinge on both protected areas and biodiversity hotspots. We show that policies that could facilitate the integration of natural resource protection into urban planning exist on paper, but the prevailing incentives and institutional arrangements between the central and local governments prevent this kind of integration. Removing these obstacles will be necessary in order to safeguard the country’s rich biodiversity in light of the scale of urbanization underway.     

南亚国际河流及其水资源开发

本文全面介绍了南亚地区的主要国际河流,印度河、恒河和布拉马普特拉河水资源开发的地理和历史背景。详细评述了印度河用水争端的来龙去脉和印度河条约的谈判和签署过程,以及印度与巴基斯坦和孟加拉在分享印度河和恒河水资源问题上的立场,笔者还分析了南亚国际河流水资源开发的现状,提出了流域综合开发,以合理利用水资源的建议。 文章中,笔者简要介绍了国际法律界经常采用的水资源分享的理论和学说。     

Planning and governing nature-based solutions in river landscapes: Concepts,cases, and insights

Nature-based solutions (NBS), understood as actions that use ecosystem processes to address societal needs, can play important roles to future-proof river landscape development for people and nature. However, knowledge gaps exist how NBS can be planned and implemented at landscape scales. This Special Issue brings together insights and experiences from studies of assessing, planning, and implementing NBS in river landscapes in Europe and beyond. It addresses three research fields: (i) NBS effects, looking at the effectiveness of NBS to achieve ecological, social, and/or economic outcomes, (ii) NBS planning, focusing on approaches for planning and designing NBS, and (iii) NBS governance, relating to governance and business models for implementation. The twelve contributions deliver evidence on how NBS outperform conventional, rather technical solutions, provide guidance and tools to operationalize the NBS concept into practice, and showcase successful governance models of NBS in different contexts. The editorial ends with an outlook on further research needs.