Ti/RuO2-TiO2-IrO2-SnO2电极电解氧化含氨氮废水

研究了含氨氮(NH4 -N)废水在循环流动式电解槽中的电化学氧化,其中阳极为Ti/RuO2-TiO2-IrO2-SnO2网状电极,阴极为网状钛电极.考察了出水放置时间、进水流量和电流密度对氨氮去除的影响,并对能耗、阳极效率和瞬时电流效率(ICE)进行分析.结果表明,在氯离子浓度为400 mg/L,初始氨氮浓度为40 mg/L时,进水流量对氨氮去除的影响不大,电流密度的影响比较大.在进水流量为600 mL/min,电流密度为20 mA/cm2,电解时间为90 min时,氨氮去除率为99.37%,去除1 kg氨氮的能耗和阳极效率为500 kW·h和2.68 h·m2·A,瞬时电流效率(ICE)为0.28.表明电解氧化含氨氮废水具有较好的应用前景.     

电化学法处理活性艳蓝X-BR模拟染料废水的研究

采用换向电源、铁铝作为两极的新型电化学反应器,以色度和CODCr去除率作为指标,通过调控溶液的性质考察了不同体系对其降解效果的影响。研究表明,该方法对活性艳蓝X-BR模拟染料废水具有较好的处理效果,其最佳处理条件为:电解时间20 min,电解电压10 V,搅拌速度1000 r/min,电源换向周期8 s,废水CODCr初始浓度1232 mg/L,电解质(Na2SO4)浓度0.06 mol/L,极板间距1.0 cm,pH=8。在此条件下,色度去除率可达98.93%,CODCr去除率可达85.26%,处理废水的电耗为1.24 kW.h/m3。     

电压对使用三维电极处理TNT废水的影响

本试验比较了三维电极电解法和二维电极电解法处理TNT废水的效果,考察了采用三维电极电解法时不同槽电压对电解效果的影响,并对电解机理作了初步探讨.实验表明,极板间距为4 cm、电动搅拌器转速250 r/min、电解时间为2h时,最佳的电解槽电压为15 V,此工艺条件下的COD、TOC的去除率分别为77.6%、62.7%.     

内电解-Fenton 氧化-膜生物反应器处理腈纶废水

采用内电解-Fenton 氧化-序批式膜生物反应器组合工艺处理腈纶废水.结果表明,在进水Ph 值为3、内电解反应时间2h、H₂O₂ 浓度1500 mg/L、Fe²⁺浓度600mg/L、Fenton 反应时间2h 的条件下,内电解-Fenton 组合工艺对COD 的去除率为72%,进水COD 从1328mg/L下降到369mg/L,废水BOD₅/COD 从0.14 上升到0.33,CN-从8.6mg/L 下降到0.215mg/L,提高了废水可生化性,为后续的生物处理创造了良好的条件.出水采用序批式膜生物反应器处理,在停留时间20h、缺氧搅拌90min、好氧120min 条件下,COD 去除率为80%,NH₄₊-N 去除率95%,BOD₅ 去除率92.6%,CN-去除率90.7%.最终出水COD、BOD5、NH4+-N、CN-、SS 分别为61,9.3,2.55,0.02,13mg/L     

Pt/生物炭电极反应器处理水中腐殖酸的研究

构建Pt/生物炭电极反应器,研究其对水中腐殖酸的去除效率和去除特性.结果表明,在电流密度为20 m A·cm~(-2)下反应300 min,Pt/生物炭电极反应器对水中腐殖酸的去除率为74.58%,较Pt/石墨电极反应器47.10%去除率提高58.3%.Pt/生物炭电极反应器对水中腐殖酸的去除主要通过电化学氧化和气浮作用.生物炭阴极比石墨阴极能产生更多的H_2O_2,是提高Pt/生物炭电极反应器对腐殖酸去除率的重要原因.三维荧光光谱和凝胶色谱法分析表明,Pt/生物炭电极反应器具有较强的氧化能力,可将较小分子量的腐殖酸直接矿化.研究结果显示生物炭可以作为一种新型电化学反应器的阴极材料用于对水中有机污染物处理.     

三维电极法处理苯酚废水影响因素研究

根据电解原理,采用自制三维电极反应器对苯酚废水进行处理。在pH值为3,反应时间为120min,电解电压为15V,极板间距为10cm,曝气强度为0.6m3/h反应条件下,苯酚和COD的最大去除率分别为89.1%和83.2%。表明三维电极法适用于处理浓度较高、且有毒性的废水,是快捷、经济、高效的废水处理方法。     

曝气铁碳内电解-改性茶渣联用技术处理含氰电镀废水

曝气铁碳内电解-改性茶渣联用技术处理含氰电镀废水,对内电解处理工序中Fe/C体积比、进水pH、不同曝气方式、停留时间及改性茶渣处理工序中进水pH、处理时间对废水中总氰化物去除率的影响进行分析。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:内电解工序:V(Fe)/V(C)为1∶1、进水pH为4、采用连续曝气方式、停留时间为3 h;改性茶渣工序:进水pH为8、室温下投加1 g改性茶渣、处理时间为3 h,总氰化物去除率可达82.15%,最终出水中总氰化物浓度为28.97 mg/L。     

分置式厌氧中空纤维膜生物反应器处理啤酒废水

试验采用分置式厌氧中空纤维膜生物反应器处理啤酒废水,主要研究反应器在不同运行工况条件下对COD、总氮等的去除效果及系统产气特性。试验过程中反应器COD容积负荷为2~7.5 kg/(m3·d)、水力停留时间为16~40h。试验结果表明:废水COD浓度为4 000 mg/L,水力停留时间为24 h,COD平均去除率为97.46%,TN平均去除率为58.64%,沼气产率为0.138 m3/kg。     

三维电极法降解阿莫西林模拟废水的工艺研究

电化学氧化法是一种高效且环保的处理技术,在对包括阿莫西林在内的抗生素的处理上具有显著优势。向传统二维电极反应器中添加活性炭作为粒子电极,能降低系统中传质阻力,提高电流效率。探究了利用三维电极反应器处理阿莫西林模拟废水的最佳工艺,并与传统二维电极反应器和单纯活性炭吸附工艺进行对比。结果表明:三维电极反应器处理阿莫西林适宜条件为石英砂占填充粒子总体积为10%,施加电流密度为5 mA/cm2,电解质为17 mmol/L Na₂SO₄,溶液初始pH为5.56,此时 TOC去除率为49.1%,阿莫西林去除率为99.0%;且三维电极反应器存在电解和吸附的协同作用,使TOC去除率高于单纯活性炭吸附法和二维电极反应器去除率的加和(49.1%>22.0%+8.7%),具有较好的应用前景。     

生物滴滤床对H2S废气的去除效率研究

本试验采用生物滴滤床(BTF)工艺净化制药厂污水站H2S废气。装置采用实验室分离纯化的菌种经现场培养扩增后所得的高浓度混合菌菌液,在8d内迅速完成启动;试验过程H2S气量为11.3m3/h,平均浓度为385.6mg/m3,平均空床停留时间(EBRT)为13.5s,H2S的平均去除效率96%,且去除率稳定。随着污染物在BTF内EBRT的减少,去除率逐渐减小;H2S去除负荷极限ECmax为209.6g/(m3.h),且80%的去除负荷由填料床的下层承担;增加液体喷淋量有助于强化处理效果,但液膜厚度对净化效率有着负面影响,循环液中的SO42-累积浓度>28g/L时,去除率低于90%。试验结果表明,BTF系统运行稳定,适应性好,应用于工业废气处理是可行的。     

光电协同催化氧化苯甲酸的试验研究

在自制的光电协同催化氧化反应器中,对苯甲酸溶液进行了光电协同催化氧化处理研究,考察了阳极偏电压、反应氛围和制备光阳极所用基材对苯甲酸降解效率的影响,并比较了光电协同催化氧化与光解、光催化氧化和电解处理对苯甲酸去除率的差异.试验结果表明,经过1h的处理,光电协同催化氧化对苯甲酸的去除率可达85%以上,远远高于光解、光催化氧化和电解处理对苯甲酸的去除率(依次为48%、30%和约0%),具有明显的光电协同作用;工作电极与对电极采用内外同心圆柱形的布置方式;在通入高纯氮的条件下,TiO₂/Ti板光阳极对苯甲酸的去除率在1h时可达98%,优于TiO₂/Al板光阳极在仆时对苯甲酸85%的去除率;在通入纯氧的条件下,TiO₂/Ti板光阳极和TiO₂/Al板光阳极经过1h对苯甲酸的去除率均接近100%.     

Mechnism of combination membrane and electro-winning process on treatment and remediation of Cu2+ polluted water body

Mechnism of treatment and remediation of synthetic Cu2+ polluted water body by membrane and electro-winning combination process was investigated.The influnce of electrolysis voltage,pH,and electrolysis time on the metal recovery efficiencies were studied.Relationship between trans-membrane pressure drop (ΔP),additions ratio,initial Cu2+ concentration on operating efficency,stability of membrane and the possibility of water reuse were also investigated.The morphology of membrane and electrodes were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM),the composition of suface deposits was ascertained using combined energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and atomic absorption spectrophotometer.The results showed that using low presure reverse osmosis (LPRO),the Cu2+ concentration could increase from 20 mg/L to 100 mg/L or even higher in the concentrate solutions and permeate water conductivity could be less than 20 μS/cm.The addition of SDS can improve the Cu2+ removal efficiency,while EDTA had little side influence.In electro-reduction process,using plante electrode cell,Cu2+ concentration can be further reduced to 5 mg/L,and the average current efficiency ranged from 9% to 40%.Using 3D electrolysis treatment,Cu2+ concentration could be reduced to 0.5 mg/L with a current efficiency range 60%-70%.     

铁促电解深度处理填埋场渗滤液的研究

采用箱式电化学反应器（具有氧化物涂层的钛基阳极）进行填埋场渗滤液的深度处理,考察了FeSO₄浓度、初始pH值、电压（电流）对污染物去除的影响,对比了铁促电解过程使用Fe²⁺和Fe³⁺的污染物去除效果.结果表明,与传统有机物电化学氧化相比,铁促电解显著提高了有机物的去除效率.FeSO₄浓度增大,有机物去除效果提高,当FeSO₄浓度大于1　250　mg·L^-1,有机物去除率提高幅度减小;污染物去除速率在30　min内较快,然后逐渐递减;合理的初始pH值范围为3～4;若有效去除COD和NH⁺₄-N,则电解电压须大于3.3 V,电流大于4.8 A;Fe³⁺促进电解去除有机物的效果略低于Fe²⁺;提出了铁盐循环利用和将酸洗废水应用于铁促电解过程的设想.     

铁离子循环电解法处理垃圾填埋场晚期渗滤液

使用箱式电化学反应器,采用铁离子循环电解工艺处理垃圾填埋场晚期渗滤液,确定了硫酸铁的剂量,考察了该工艺去除污染物的效率与主要因子对污染物去除的影响.实验结果表明,铁离子循环电解工艺对垃圾填埋场晚期渗滤液具有良好的处理效果,在电压3.80V、pH值为3.0、电解时间40min条件下,电解后的渗滤液满足二级排放标准的要求;硫酸铁的合理浓度为1000mg·L-1;电解电压不宜超过4.0V,电解时间不宜超过40min;渗滤液中氯离子的浓度对COD和NH 4-N的去除有显著影响,浓度越高COD和NH 4-N去除效果越好,且其对NH 4-N去除的影响大于对COD去除的影响.     

Mechanism of combination membrane and electro-winning process on treatment and remediation of Cu^2＋ polluted water body

Mechanism of treatment and remediation of synthetic Cu2+ polluted water body by membrane and electro-winning combination process was investigated. The influences of electrolysis voltage, pH, and electrolysis time on the metal recovery efficiencies were studied. Relationship between trans-membrane pressure drop ( P), additions ratio, initial Cu2+ concentration on operating efficiency, stability of membrane and the possibility of water reuse were also investigated. The morphology of membrane and electrodes were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the composition of surface deposits was ascertained using combined energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that using low pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO), Cu2+ concentration could increase from 20 to 100 mg/L or even higher in concentrated solutions and permeate water conductivity could be less than 20 μS/cm. The addition of sodium dodecy/sulfate sodium dodecyl sulfate improved Cu2+ removal efficiency, while EDTA had little side influence. In electro-reduction process, using plante electrode cell, Cu2+ concentration could be further reduced to 5 mg/L, and the average current efficiency ranged from 9% to 40%. Using 3D electrolysis treatment, Cu2+ concentration could be reduced to 0.5 mg/L with a current efficiency range 60%–70%.     

阴极材料对三相三维电极反应器电解处理酸性橙7的影响研究

采用具有不同阴极材料的三相三维电极反应器,对300 mg/L酸性橙7(AO7)模拟废水进行处理研究,重点考察阴极材料对脱色率和反应体系矿化能力的影响,同时利用HPLC、UV-Vis、GC-MS等分析方法对·OH、H2O2以及降解产物进行测定,探讨了3种电极对AO7的降解行为.结果表明,在电压20 V条件下电解60 min后,活性炭纤维(ACF)、石墨和不锈钢等3种阴极体系对于AO7的脱色率均高于96%,三者之间没有明显差别.但是ACF体系对TOC的去除率可达到57.4%,高于其它两者.3种阴极体系中均有高活性的·OH和H2O2生成,但是ACF阴极体系中产生的浓度较高,从而决定了其具有较高的矿化能力.几种不同电极体系电解AO7过程中都遵循了相同的产生酮类和萘酚类物质的过程.     

Double catholyte electrochemical approach for preparing ferrate-aluminum: a compound dxidant-coagulant for water purification

Ferrate is an excellent water treatment agent for its multi-functions in oxidation, disinfection, coagulation and adsorption, but its coagulation ability depends on its dosage and is after its oxidation. This paper focuses on preparing a new kind of ferrate combined with alum to enhance its coagulation function for water purification. An effective electrolysis reactor was designed and employed in the test. Some key parameters in the process of electrolysis concerning the preparation efficiency, such as the current density, temperature and alkalinity were also investigated. The proper conditions for ferrate-alum preparation were determined. In the condition of 5V given voltage, 6h electrolyzing interval, below 2% alum concentration (in weight), a combined liquid ferrate-alum products was successfully prepared, which contained 0.0294 mol/L FeO_{4/sub>^2-, 0.0302 mol/L total soluble ferron with 2% Al2O3. There was no insoluble ferron produced by controlling an optimum electrochemical condition.}     

Double catholyte electrochemical approach for preparing ferratealuminum：a compound oxidant—coagulant for water purification

Ferrate is an excellent water treatment agent for its multi-functions in oxidation,disinfection,coagulation and adsorption,but its coagulation ability depends on its dosage and is after its oxidation.This paper focuses on preparing a new kind of ferrate combined with alum to enhance its coagulation function for water purification.An effective electrolysis reactor was designed and employed in the test.Some key parameters in the process of electrolysis concerning the prepar\ation efficiency,such as the current density,temperature and alkalinity were also investigated.The proper conditions for ferrate-alum preparation were determined.Under the condition of 5V given voltage,6h electrolyzing interval,below 2% alum concentration (in weight),a combined liquid ferrate-alum products was successfully prepared,which contained 0.0294 mol/L FeO4^2- and 0.0302 mol/L total soluble ferron with 2% Al2O3.There was no insoluble ferron produced by controlling an optimum electrochemical condition.