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不同受火方式下混凝土框架结构的变形研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
针对单层框架和三层框架,通过高温数值分析,初步考察了不同受火方式下结构的变形特征。研究发现:①火灾蔓延对结构高温变形影响较大,此时节点的水平位移总体上小于结构全层/全部受火时的相应结果;②受火区间仅对相邻跨或相邻层有一定影响,而对隔跨或隔层影响相对较小;③非对称局部受火情况下,单层框架边节点的水平位移可能比全层受火时更大。 相似文献
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气候变暖背景下火干扰对森林生态系统碳循环的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
人类活动所引起的温室效应及由此造成的气候变化和对全球生态环境的影响已受到国际社会的普遍关注。火干扰作为森林生态系统重要的干扰因子,对森林生态系统碳循环产生重要影响以及对未来气候变化的响应更是人们关注的重点。正确理解气候变暖、火干扰与森林生态系统碳循环之间的因果循环关系,了解气候变暖背景下火干扰对森林生态系统碳循环的影响,对制定科学合理的林火管理策略、充分发挥林火管理在森林生态系统碳循环和碳平衡以及缓解碳排放中的作用均有重要的意义。系统论述了气候变暖、火干扰与森林生态系统碳循环之间的逻辑循环关系,并对相关的研究进展进行综述。重点剖析了气候变暖对火干扰的影响,气候变暖背景下火干扰对森林生态系统碳循环的影响,并提出了全球变暖背景下科学有效的林火管理策略与措施,以及今后需要加强的一些研究领域及方向。 相似文献
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火灾下四面受火钢筋混凝土柱极限承载力的简化计算 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目前,对钢筋混凝土结构构件的高温承载力确定一般都根据截面尺寸和钢筋保护层厚度等因素查询相关表格计算或进行有限元分析,不便于工程设计人员使用。本文给出了一种计算四面受火钢筋混凝土柱极限承载力的简化计算方法,该方法参考国外最新研究成果,不必对截面的温度场进行分析,也不要查询相关计算表格,直接在计算公式中考虑影响因素对材料性能的折减,计算方法和过程与常温下相似。将计算结果和39根柱的实验结论进行比较的结果表明,该方法计算精度较高且偏于安全。通过一个计算实例展示其应用。该方法计算过程简单,并和规范相结合,能够满足工程设计人员使用要求。 相似文献
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针对钢筋混凝土框架的地震易损性分析已经较为成熟,但其震后火次生灾害作用下的易损性分析还尚未深入。采用ABAQUS软件分别建立3层和9层的钢筋混凝土框架有限元模型,选取火灾荷载密度(fire load density, FLD)作为火灾强度指标,对历经地震后损伤的混凝土框架结构进行火灾易损性分析。结果表明:随着地震动强度和火灾荷载密度的增大,钢筋混凝土框架的失效概率呈非线性增长;在相同火灾荷载密度下,历经多遇、设防、罕遇地震损伤后,9层钢筋混凝土框架发生不同程度破坏的超越概率高于3层钢筋混凝土框架;相对于顶层和中层受火,混凝土框架底层受火时发生不同破坏的超越概率相对较大,发生火灾的楼层越高,结构发生不同破坏的超越概率相对越小,可为钢筋混凝土框架的性能化抗火设计与评估提供研究参考。 相似文献
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某综合楼为一高层钢结构建筑。试验及对火灾调查表明,由于构件相互作用及荷载传递路径的改变,整体结构中的构件的抗火性能与抗火试验中的简支梁或柱有很大不同。本文采用基于性能化思想的抗火设计方法,对该综合楼进行了整体分析,考虑了构件之间的相互作用,并结合梁产生悬链线效应后的特点,确定出构件的实际受力。据此进行了构件强度及稳定的验算,提高了构件在火灾作用下的安全性。在楼板的抗火设计中,采用较新的科研成果,考虑了薄膜效应的影响,使一部分次梁免于防火保护,降低了防火成本。 相似文献
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与地震易损性相比 ,结构震后火的易损性研究尚未深入 。 以三层三跨平面钢框架为研究对象 ,采用 ABAQUS 进行建模,选取火灾荷载密度作为火灾强度指标,同时将耐火极限作为破坏状态指标,采取拉丁超立方法生成了 50 个结构样本,对钢框架进行震后火作用下耐火极限分析和易损性分析,并给出了不同损伤程度的四种破坏状态。研究结果表明:震后火作用下钢框架失效概率随火灾荷载密度的升高而增加;当火灾荷载密度达到最大值时,大震下钢框架发生轻微破坏、中等破坏和严重破坏的概率较高,出现倒塌破坏的概率相对较低;对比三水准地震设防烈度下火灾易损性曲线,随着地震烈度的升高,钢框架发生严重破坏和倒塌破坏的概率也随之增大。 相似文献
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1IntroductionAs a many-volcano-distributed country,China is covered with many volcanoes and lava rocks.A-mong the one-thousand-or-so volcanoes,Changbai Mountain Volcano,Wudalianchi Volcano,Tengchong Volcano and Ashikule Volcano of West Kunlun are the mostlatentcatastrophic erup-tive active volcanoes.In recent years,the activity of the earth' s crust in some volcanic areas isobviously becoming increasing violent.Butfew scholars have monitored and evaluated volcano inChina.So building VDI… 相似文献
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The 1928 Eruption of Mount Etna Volcano, Sicily, and the Destruction of the Town of Mascali 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In November 1928 there was an eruption of Mount Etna, Sicily, which led to lava largely destroying the town of Mascali, situated low on the eastern flank of the volcano. Destruction of the town took just over a day but there was an orderly evacuation of its inhabitants and, with help from the military, families were able to remove furniture and fittings from their houses. Evacuees were relocated to nearby towns staying with relatives, friends or in hired apartments. Rebuilding Mascali provided an opportunity for the fascist government of the time to demonstrate efficient centralised planning. A completely new town was built on a grid-iron plan with many of the buildings reflecting the 'fascist architecture' of the time. The town was complete by 1937 and housing condztzons were very advanced in comparison with other towns in the region. The 1928 eruption is important as it was the most destructive on Etna since 1669 when the city of Catania was overwhelmed. In terms of hazard and risk assessment the 1928 eruption demonstrates that lava can reach the lower flanks of the volcano within a short period after the onset of an eruption. 相似文献
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对堆积物的粒度进行分析,可以为研究火山泥石流的形成机制、数值模拟等提供参考数据。为了对长白山天池火山泥石流堆积物进行研究,在二道白河镇附近对长白山天池的古火山泥石流进行了勘察,取了2组共12个火山泥石流堆积物样品。对第1组进行了粒度参数法分析,得到了火山泥石流堆积物的平均粒径、分选系数、偏度和峰度,认为长白山天池火山泥石流堆积物的分选较差,沉积以粗组分为主。基于从第2组6个样品的分析可以推断,长白山天池火山泥石流主要为稀性泥石流,泥石流堆积物粒度分布较不均匀,分选较差,粒度分布接近正态分布。研究表明,粒度参数分析和结构维数计算相结合可以很好地了解火山泥石流堆积物的分选性、粒度分布情况、泥石流的类型等。 相似文献
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<正>2010年4月6日胡锦涛总书记在全党深入学习实践科学发展观活动总结大会上的讲话中指出:"深入贯彻落实科学发展观,根本在于发挥人民主体作用。""必须把实现好、维护好、发展好最广大人民根本利益作为一切工作的出发点和落脚点,使贯彻落实科学发展观的过程成为不断为民造福的过程,最大限度地把人民群众的智慧和力量凝聚到推动科学发展上来。" 相似文献
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Lola Gostelow 《Disasters》2000,23(4):316-325
In 1996, in recognition of concerns about humanitarian response efforts, non- governmental organisations (NGOs) launched the Sphere Project, the first collaborative initiative to produce globally applicable minimum standards for humanitarian response. The aims of the Sphere Project are to improve the effectiveness of humanitarian efforts and to enhance the accountability of the humanitarian system, primarily to those people who have a right to protection and assistance in disasters, as well as to agency members and donors.
This paper discusses the purpose of the Sphere Project, the unique process that brought it about and the major concerns that have been raised about its practical application. Finally, the paper considers the implications of this for improving the impact of humanitarian response and for future initiatives given the process that Sphere has begun. It argues that improved accountability does not start and stop with NGOs. They are just one element of a wider humanitarian response effort and more needs to be done to improve the system as a whole. 相似文献
This paper discusses the purpose of the Sphere Project, the unique process that brought it about and the major concerns that have been raised about its practical application. Finally, the paper considers the implications of this for improving the impact of humanitarian response and for future initiatives given the process that Sphere has begun. It argues that improved accountability does not start and stop with NGOs. They are just one element of a wider humanitarian response effort and more needs to be done to improve the system as a whole. 相似文献