环境统计指标体系的探讨

统计指标是统计的语言,环境统计工作就是通过一系列的环境统计指标,反映自然环境和社会环境的状况;分析人类活动对环境的影响和环境变化对人类活动的反作用;检查合理利用自然资源的计划与措施的实际效果;预测已开发的和潜在的自然资源及环境状态,为制定环境保护方针、政策、环境规划,加强环境管理提供科学的依据。     

环境统计模糊性的分析

环境统计模糊性的分析赤峰市环境保护办公室江红环境统计是用数字反映并计量生活、生产活动所引起的环境变化和变化时对人类的影响。内容包含自然科学和社会科学领域，涉及人类赖以生存的全部条件。环境统计是通过统计指标来反映总体现象的数量特征，并具有数量性、综合性...     

强化企业的环境统计制度

环境统计,就是用数字反映并计量人类活动引起的环境变化和环境变化对人类的影响.它是环境监督管理的眼睛,通过环境统计,可以了解和掌握一定区域内企事业单位环境保护的基本情况,"三废"排放、处理和综合利用情况、区域污染程度、治理效果等,正确反映环境质量情况及其变化趋势,从而为各级人民政府制定环境保护政策、环境规划、环境目标责任制和检查环保工作计划的执行情况、预测环境质量状况变化等提供科学依据.     

基层环保部门环境统计问题探讨

从基层环保部门环境统计实际出发,分析了统计工作中存在的问题,提出了一些解决问题的方法和建议.     

浅论环境统计与环境预测的意义及方法

浅论环境统计与环境预测的意义及方法沂南县环境保护局刘学山环境统计是环境预测的基础，环境预测是环境统计的深化和发展。环境规划、环境决策及日常的环境管理工作都离不开环境统计和预测。因此，在环境统计的基础上，利用科学的方法，预测环境的发展趋势，掌握其在未来...     

加强环境统计监督 提高环境管理质量

为保护环境统计资料的质量，必须加强环境统计监督，其主要作用是：保证环境统计工作规范有序，保障环境统计资料正确，可靠，及时埏或纠正各种违法违纪行为；保证环境统计工作依法开展。     

广州市环境统计工作现状分析及建议

自开展环境统计工作以来,环境统计为环保部门搜集和整理了大量数据,为综合反映环境状况、服务环境管理和科学决策等方面起到了重要的作用。随着中国经济的快速发展,不断深化环境管理和环境决策的需要,环境问题越来越受到重视,对环境统计数据的需求越来越多,对统计数据的全面性、及时性、准确性以及综合分析等方面提出更高的要求,现行环境统计制度无法满足地方环保部门实际工作需要等问题越来越突出。文章从统计工作实际出发,从环境统计工作备受关注的几个方面、工作中存在的问题及其原因等方面探讨广州市环境统计工作现状并提出工作建议。     

以绿化三维量分析植物群降解SO2的宏观效应

控制和降低城市上空ＳＯ２的环境浓度对于改善城市环境，促进城市生态的良性循环具有十分重要的意义。本文从上海市绿化三维量分布模型、与ＳＯ２浓度分布模型的相关分析入手，以季节变化作为对比因子，讨论了城市绿化植物群的数量及分布对城市上空ＳＯ２浓度分布的宏观影响；并据此提出了可有效地控制城市上空ＳＯ２浓度的绿地建设的基本原则。     

Simulation investigations on the marble deterioration by sulphur dioxide

This paper deals with investigations on corrosion of marble SO2. We have simulated oxidation of SO2 by photochemical process in the atmosphere. The experiments indicate that formation of SO3 aerosols is related to the concentration of SO2, the UV light intensity, the time of irradiation and the humidity of the air. The corrosion feature of surfaces of the marble and the depth profiles of sulphur were obtained by SEM (Scanning electron microscope), EDXA (Energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer) and SIMS (Secondary ion mass spectrometer). The results of experiments show the corrosive extent of marble depends on its compositions and microareas of marble, which contain lower silicon content can be easily corroded by SO2.     

The long-term concentration of sulphur dioxide at Taj Mahal due to the Mathura Refinery

There was controversy regarding the impact of the Mathura Refinery on the Taj Mahal. Mathura is about 40 km from Agra, where one of the major tourist attractions in India, the Taj Mahal, is located. It is a topic of vital concern that the question whether the quantity of sulphur dioxide released from refinery stacks, either individually or collectively with the amount released from the local sources, would damage the Taj Mahal.To provide answers to such questions preliminary estimates of long-term concentrations, during premonsoon, winter, monsoon and post-monsoon, were computed at distances of 40 km from the refinery. Comparative studies have been made with different concentration formulae.The long-term concentrations in either season, individually or collectively with the local sources, do not appear to exceed the standards proposed by The Indian Standards Institution.     

The removal of sulphur dioxide in a long-lived line echo system: A numerical study

The removal of SO₂ in precipitation systems is not only a major sink of SO₂ but is also directly related to the acidity of precipitation. However the physical and chemical processes are not well understood due to their complicated characteristics. The lack of measurements also hinders us from studying those processes. In order to investigate what mechanisms are important about the removal of SO₂ in precipitation systems, an alternative approach is to examine the simulation result from a numerical cloud model.A two-dimensional version of the Klemp-Wilhelmson numerical model (1978, J. atmos. Sci.35, 1070–1096) is used to simulate a fast-moving long-lived line echo precipitation system that occurred in the Taiwan area during Mei-Yu season. The simulation model was assumed to be perpendicular to the north-south orientated line echo. In this simulation an artificial source of SO₂ is placed in front of the line echo system in the low level. As the line echo system approaches the region of SO₂, some SO₂ is brought into the line echo system through advection and diffusion effects. A simple parameterization scheme similar to Fisher's (1982, Atmospheric Environment16, 775–783) is used to represent the removal of SO₂ by cloud and rain. The model results show that the major sink of SO₂ is removed by rain below the cloud base although some is removed by cloud and rain inside the precipitation system itself.     

Dispersion of sulphur dioxide around the thermal power plant at Ahmedabad,India

Air quality due to the release of sulphur dioxide from the thermal power plant within the city limits of Ahmedabad has been computed employing a point, area and line dispersion model. To estimate probable air quality, the meteorological data for 3 consecutive days in the middle of each month of 1983 is used. The concentration of sulphur dioxide is computed at a distance of every 500 m in 16 directions up to the city limit. The air quality in the worst case is estimated in downwind distances under unfavourable meteorological conditions.The probable zones of high concentrations of sulphur dioxide over residential, commercial and industrial areas of the city are below the ambient air quality standards set by the U.S. EPA in 1971 almost throughout the year. However, in the months of April and October the zone of high concentration (500 μg m⁻³) exceeds the EPA standard. Also, under the most unfavourable meteorological conditions, the estimated high ground-level concentration of sulphur dioxide can reach up to 1000 μg m⁻³ at a distance of 1.25 km from the thermal power plant. This may be attributed to the effect of fumigation.     

大连市海域环境污染状况及治理建议

近岸海域水环境是海岸带生态环境的重要组成部分,尤其是近岸海域的水质状况对海岸带生态环境有重要影响,根据大连市近岸海域环境污染状况调查材料,评价了近岸海域环境质量现状,指出了近岸海域环境存在的突出问题,提出了治理海域污染的建议.     

Electrolyte effects on aqueous atmospheric oxidation of sulphur dioxide by hydrogen peroxide

The rate of oxidation of sulphur dioxide by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of various supporting electrolytes has been determined by the stopped flow method. In a sodium perchlorate medium (chosen as reference electrolyte) first-order kinetics were observed with respect to HSO₃⁻, H₂O₂ and H⁺. The influence of the ionic strength was investigated and the third-order rate constant was calculated at infinite dilution. The rate constants of the reaction are shown to be far higher when chloride or ammonium ions are added to the solution.The effect of temperature and traces of metals ions (Mn²⁺, Fe²⁺, Fe³, Cu²⁺, Cr³⁺) was studied. The oxidation reaction is virtually insensitive to the effects of Mn²⁺, Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺ and Cr³⁺. Catalytic activity is observed with Fe²⁺.     

Long-term performance of a field-release system for the intermittent exposure of agricultural crops to sulphur dioxide

A computer-controlled field-release system has been used to expose winter barley to sulphur dioxide in different combinations of concentration and duration. Three plots were exposed to nominal concentrations above background of 204 ppb × 1 day, 68 ppb × 3 days and 34 ppb × 6 days, within a repeated 6-day cycle (1 ppb = 1 nlℓ⁻¹). Similar total doses were adminstered, and the target 6:2:1 ratio of concentrations was achieved. The overall performance of the system with regard to concentrations and durations, wind direction and reliability is discussed.     

Effects of fumigating rice plants with sulphur dioxide on photosynthetic pigments and nonstructural carbohydrates

Exposure of Oryza sativa plants to 670 and 1330 μg m⁻³ SO₂ during tillering and flowering decreased the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments and starch, and increased peroxidase activity and amounts of reducing sugar. Chlorophyll b was more sensitive to SO₂ damage than chlorophyll a. It is suggested that peroxidase-mediated oxidation of chlorophyll is possible in SO₂-exposed plants and that this change may ultimately affect plant development.