城市水资源承载力研究现状及其趋势

水资源是人类生存与生活、社会经济持续发展不可缺少的自然资源,也是保证生态环境良性循环的控制性要素.区域能否实现持续发展,很大程度上取决于水资源的保障程度.城市是地区经济的核心,因此对城市水资源承载力进行深入研究,其意义重大.简要阐述了城市水资源承载力研究的现状和发展趋势.     

基于生态足迹法的营口市水资源承载力研究

定量评价水资源承载力可为水资源的可持续利用及经济社会的可持续发展提供科学依据。根据水资源状况,采用生态足迹法,利用水资源生态足迹模型与承载力模型,研究了2014—2020年营口市水资源生态足迹、水资源承载力和水资源负载指数的动态变化。结果表明：营口市水资源生态足迹相对平稳,其中,农业用水生态足迹占比最高,居民生活用水、城镇公共用水、生态环境用水生态足迹总体缓慢升高,工业用水生态足迹下降明显,但有回升趋向。营口市水资源生态足迹远高于水资源承载力,表明出现了严重的水生态赤字现象,但水资源承载力波动上升与水资源负载指数逐渐下降,反映了近几年来水资源对生态系统和经济发展的支撑维系能力有了一定程度的增强,水生态赤字现象有所改善,水资源压力有所减轻。营口市水资源承载力有所提升,水资源供需矛盾有所缓和,但水资源生态安全形势依旧严峻,仍需加大调水与节水力度,优化水资源配置,保护水资源。     

水资源足迹计算模型研究——以南京市为例

在生态足迹理论的基础上探讨了水资源足迹的概念。基于水资源生产力,推导出水资源足迹和水资源承载力的计算公式,用水资源赤字和水资源盈余来衡量水资源利用的可持续性。以南京市为例进行模型实证研究,计算了2003～2007年南京市水资源足迹和水资源承载力,结果表明南京市水资源足迹增长明显,水资源承载力总体平稳,赤字从2004—2007年呈指数增长趋势。实证研究表明模型结果可以在一定程度上衡量生产消费对水资源的影响。     

基于主成分分析法的山东省水资源承载力评价

根据水资源承载力评价指标体系研究,从4个方面确定了山东省水资源承载力综合评价指标分级标准.利用2008年<山东省统计年鉴>的数据,运用主成分分析法和统计分析软件SPSS16.0对山东省水资源承载力进行了综合评价,并在主成分得分基础上通过聚类分析将其划分为4种类型.     

大连市水资源承载力动态研究

区域水资源承载力是进行区域生态建设和确定社会经济发展规划的基础。介绍了基于主成分分析理论的区域水资源承载力评价方法,建立了反映大连市水资源承载力的指标评价系统,并对大连市2001—2008年的水资源承载力进行了定量分析。研究结果表明,近年来大连市水资源承载力逐年减弱,水资源已经成为制约大连市社会经济与生态环境协调发展的主要因素。针对这种现状,提出了大连市水资源可持续利用的若干对策。     

武威市水资源承载力评价与预测研究

水资源承载力分析计算和评价是干旱半干旱区寻求区域可持续发展道路的重要依据。探讨了水资源承载力的评价方法,采用模糊数学中的“隶属度”构建水资源承载力综合指数,并以灰色预测理论为指导,建立GM（1,1）模型对未来水资源承载力进行预测和精度分析。研究结果表明,1999-2006年武威市水资源处于可承载状态,可承载指数偏低,但呈逐步上升态势：2020年水资源承载力达到理想可承载状态。     

基于SD模型的博尔塔拉河流域水资源承载力研究

从水资源承载力的研究方法入手,采用系统动力学方法进行水资源承载力定量化计算,在对博尔塔拉河流域地理环境现状和该方法建模思路分析的基础上,建立适合该地区特色的系统动力学模型（简称SD模型）。应用Yenism软件,把各参数代入方程,对博尔塔拉河流域水资源利用和需求进行动态计算。通过对模型计算结果的分析,验证了模型的合理性和可操作性,从而为博尔塔拉河流域水资源承载力的进一步研究提供了必要的手段,也为其他区域的水资源可持续利用研究提供了一定的借鉴。     

城市水资源承载力概念探析

在对区域水资源承载力概念分析的基础上,考虑水资源承载力的实质和城市自身的特点,城市水资源承载力概念界定的出发点是:城市水资源承载力应从城市水资源所承载的客体或对象出发界定;城市水资源承载力所承载的对象最终应落在人口数量上;对城市的范围,应以市辖区为限.     

山西省水资源承载力及可持续发展对策研究

山西省水资源总量偏低,水资源供需矛盾失衡已成为影响当前全省社会经济可持续发展的硬约束。通过对山西省水资源承载力的分析,阐明区域水资源、经济和人口之间的相互关系,可使该区域及早制定有效的水资源调控规划和保护措施,实现经济与环境的协调与可持续发展。选取总人口、国内生产总值、固定资产投资、工业用水、人均生活用水等指标构建评价指标体系,采用变异系数法确定指标的权重并运用多目标决策的TOPSIS法对山西省11个地市的水资源承载力进行综合评价。基于评价结果对其原因进行分析,提出山西省及各地市的水资源合理优化配置和区域社会经济可持续发展的建议。     

甘肃省相对水资源承载力区域差异分析

分别选取全国和甘肃省为参照区域,分析了甘肃省及其各地区2003-2007年相对水资源人口承载力、相对水资源经济承载力及其变化过程,得出甘肃省水资源相对较匮乏、人口密度较小、经济发展严重不足的结果.相对全国而言,在水资源总量上甘肃省水资源承载的人口严重超载,GDP相对满载;但在水资源利用量上,人口与GDP承载力双重富余;各地区水资源利用量承载的人口和GDP均相当富余的城市为酒泉、张掖和武威,而处于相当超载的城市分别为天水和兰州.     

资源环境承载力研究方法综述

资源环境承载力是区域发展战略决策的基础,对指导区域可持续发展和服务国家战略需求具有重要意义。本文系统梳理了资源环境承载力评价从土地资源承载力向水资源承载力、环境承载力和生态承载力发展,再到近年来以土地开发强度为特征,以及基于供给能力的资源环境承载力评价兴起的历程。资源环境承载力评价从单一资源走向各类主要自然资源、环境要素及综合要素的承载力评价,研究方法不断完善。但目前资源环境承载力研究仍存在更多地关注承载的极限容量,对发展容量的关注不足;缺乏具有普适性、可推广的资源环境承载力评价理论及方法体系等问题,其研究仍面临严峻的挑战。未来资源环境承载力研究仍需在承载力从极限容量向发展容量转变,形成具有广泛指导意义的资源环境承载力评价方法体系,强化以空间开发利用为特征的资源环境承载力评价等方面的研究,以此深化资源环境承载力理论及实践应用研究,为区域可持续发展及服务国家战略提供支撑。     

辽河流域控制单元水环境承载力评估研究——以招苏台河铁岭市控制单元为例

新常态下,亟须开展辽河流域水环境承载力评估,以指导流域生态文明建设.针对辽河流域特点,以招苏台河铁岭市控制单元为例,采取目标—准则—指标层级关系框架建立水环境承载力指标体系,并结合主客观赋权综合法对该控制单元水环境承载力进行评估.结果表明,该控制单元水环境承载力指数介于0.1750～0.5302之间,总体呈超载状态.水...     

长江上游水电建设与环境影响研究若干问题

长江上游是我国水能资源富集区，对其开发具有全国战略意义，但开发会引起若干重大的生态与环境问题，需要尽早组织对上游地区环境本底研究，移民环境容量研究，生物物种保护研究，水资源综合利用研究，环境地质评价研究和水电工程的社会经济影响研究。     

中国土地资源安全度研究——以土地资源的人口承载力为标准

土地资源安全维系着国民经济能否可持续发展，而可持续发展是在不超过生态系统承载力条件下的一种安全发展模式。以中国大陆29个省市为例，研究了中国各省区的土地资源人口承载力，进而计算了我国土地资源的安全度。结果表明，我国各省区土地资源人口承载力存在明显的地域不均衡现象，超载与盈余并存；多数省份处于接近或超过土地资源人口承载临界值，我国土地资源安全状况不容乐观。     

A WATER RESOURCE PLANNING PROCEDURE FOR RURAL TOWNS1

ABSTRACT: Six new techniques have been developed for lake watershed analysis and water resource management. The techniques are for determining: (1) watershed land use intensity with reference to water quality, (2) lake vulnerability, (3) water quality, (4) watershed carrying capacity, (5) the economic value of the lake, and (6) the potential of undeveloped lake-shore. These analyses are designed for use by rural planning commissions with guidance and assistance from state agencies and the state university. The comprehensive rural watershed land and water use plan developed by this procedure is inexpensive in time and money, understandable by the layman, and scientificially sound. It is based on presently available information. This water resource planning procedure has been demonstrated in several town planning projects. It is suggested that this method, or modification of it, could be adopted in all rural states by action by a few administrators and without any new enabling or appropriations legislation.     

胶州市生态系统承载机制及实证研究

本文立足于城市生态系统的结构与功能,探讨了系统内部资源、环境对人类社会经济活动的承载机制,总结了城市生态系统承载机制的特点,认为城市生态系统承载机制具有客观存在性、阈值性、相对性等特点,并从城市生态系统压力水平、约束水平、支撑水平等角度构建相应的定量研究指标体系,运用主成份分析法,提出了城市生态系统资源承载指数、环境约束指数以及综合承载指数。     

Assessment of environmental footprint using geospatial approach to ascertain the Sustainable Development Goal 2030s of India

Utilization of natural resources has multiplied globally, resulting in serious environmental deterioration and impeding the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). For the harmonious development of human nourishment and the balance of nature, it is vital to evaluate environmental segments' resource usage, transformation, and residue, referred to as ‘footprint,’ in order to highlight carrying capacity and sustainability. This analysis highlights the Environmental Footprint (EF) of India per state from 2010 to 2020 in terms of hectares per capita. This study evaluates India's biological, hydrological, energy, ecological, and pollution footprints, carrying capacity, environmental pressure, and environmental deficit using 17 distinct parameters categorized under the themes of biological resource, hydrological resource, energy resource, and pollution concentration. We proposed a reoriented methodology and EF concepts that determine India's footprint, carrying capacity, nature of sustainability, environmental pressure index, and its consequential links to the 2030 SDGs. As a result, the biological resources contributed to ~50% of the environmental footprint, while hydrological, energy, and pollutants made up the remaining. Between 2010 and 2020, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal had the highest EF, while Jammu and Kashmir and the north-eastern provinces had the lowest. During the research period, the ecological deficit in India has increased overall. India impedes the 2030 SDGs; therefore, the study provides a picture of resource consumption, waste generation, economic growth, and societal changes, enabling academics and policymakers to redefine or document policy for a more sustainable future.     

Approaches to integrated water resource development and management

In southern Africa institutional capacity in the water sector is severely limited by diminishing regular budget and external assistance allocations. The result has been an overall decline in operational water resource management. This is ironic given the international community's current concern with 'integrated' or 'comprehensive' water resources management. Often, so-called integrated attempts at river basin planning and development have been conceived within the framework of a river basin authority or regional master plans. Such large-scale attempts have not necessarily been compatible either with the national capacity in water resources management or the existing institutional and legislative frameworks. In many cases the actual integration of a basin's physical resources and social, economic and environmental demands is poorly executed. To examine a way forward in resolving what is clearly an unsustainable state of affairs, a diagnostic study of the Kafue Basin, Zambia, was carried out in order to identify a set of water resource management options for a basin currently under stress. A physical framework for the Kafue Basin was established and principal subcatchments and hydro-geological subsystems identified. Current water resource issues in the basin are discussed and a multiobjective approach is proposed to allow intersectoral competition for the basin's limited water resources to be reconciled.     

Beijing's Water Resources: Challenges and Solutions

Beijing's local water resources have been overexploited and the ecological and environmental pressures exceed the carrying capacity of this densely populated megacity. This article examines the current status of Beijing's water resources with respect to its industrial, residential, and eco‐environmental water usage and the challenges it may face in the near future. The article describes the context of water uses, the steps taken by Beijing to alleviate the water shortage problems, and challenges to Beijing's abilities to meet its urgent and future water needs. A multipronged strategy is proposed that aims at both the present problems and the anticipated future challenges. In particular, engineering and institutional approaches for Beijing's successful transition from overexploitation to sustainable utilization of water resources are explained. Actions include reasonable water utilization, water conservation, reclaimed wastewater, and importing water from neighboring areas. We conclude that Beijing must take additional steps in water resource management to ensure its sustainable development that involves continued urbanization sprawls and population growth. Future water resource management strategies should focus on strengthening water demand management through water conservation, efficient interbasin water transfers, use of nontraditional water resources, strategically reserving water supply, and promoting rehabilitation of the eco‐environments.     

多元线性回归和Bp神经网络预测水资源承载力--以济南市为例

水资源承载力的预测对发展地区经济具有重要意义，利用主成分分析方法对济南市水资源承载力变化的驱动力进行了分析，人口和GDP是影响水资源承载力变化的最主要的驱动因素。通过水资源承载变化驱动因子的多元线性回归模型和人工神经网络模型，分别预测出2010年和2020年济南市水资源的需求状况，并探讨了将线性和非线性相结合的方法用于水资源预测。