中美电力消费和经济增长关系的协整分析对比

选取1978—2014年的统计数据,构建多变量的生产函数模型,使用约翰逊协整检验法和基于VECM(向量误差修正模型)的长短期格兰杰因果关系检验进行实证分析。结果显示,中美经济增长、电力消费、专利数量和资本存量之间存在长期协整关系,电力消费既不是中国经济增长的格兰杰原因,也不是美国经济增长的格兰杰原因,资本存量是中美经济增长的长期格兰杰原因。即中美两国不是能源依赖性经济增长模式:中国科技刺激经济增长的程度比美国的大,中国资本投入是电力消费的短期格兰杰原因;美国经济增长是电力消耗的短期格兰杰原因,但电力消耗不是经济增长的格兰杰原因。从中国经济的现状和特点出发,结合可持续发展的有关理论,提出了发展中国经济的建议。     

要素投入及结构变动对经济增长稳定性的影响研究

从供给侧的要素投入和要素结构角度研究了我国经济增长稳定性,对我国经济在"十三五"及未来很长一段时间实现中高速稳定增长具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。依据增长核算理论和时变参数模型,分两个层面分析了要素投入和要素结构变动对经济增长及其稳定性的影响。增长核算角度分析结果表明,劳动投入、资本投入、全要素生产率增长率分别波动1%,将导致经济增长波动0.5046%、0.4954%、1%;基于时变参数模型分析表明:1978—1991年,资本冲击、劳动冲击和要素结构变化冲击较为剧烈,1992年至今,资本冲击是经济稳定性的降低主要原因,劳动冲击对经济稳定性的影响较小,而要素结构冲击缓解了经济波动且提高了经济增长稳定性。     

中国海洋经济重心迁移及其动因分解

在研究1996—2015年我国海洋经济重心迁移路径的基础上,运用夏普利值分解法定量分析重心迁移的推力,采用对数平均迪式分解法(LMDI)对海洋经济增长的资本、劳动力和技术进行分解,探讨不同区域对海洋经济重心迁移贡献的原因。结果表明:1996—2015年我国海洋经济重心先后经历了向东北、西南两个方向迁移的阶段; 1996—2007年,天津、河北、上海、广东、广西和海南; 2007—2015年,广东、辽宁、河北、广西、山东和浙江是海洋经济重心移动的引擎省份; 1996—2015年,劳动力对不同区域海洋经济增长的作用强度最小,资本和技术因子交替成为不同区域海洋经济增长的主要驱动力。     

中国国际旅游与国际贸易关系的协整及Granger因果分析

根据1988—2008年我国国际旅游和国际贸易的相关数据,利用协整分析技术和Granger因果检验方法,系统分析了国际旅游与国际贸易间的关系。结果显示:①国际旅游与国际贸易之间存在长期均衡关系;②国际入境旅游是国际贸易Granger原因的概率显著,国际出境旅游是国际贸易Granger原因的概率不显著,国际贸易是国际旅游Granger原因的概率不显著。随着经济全球化与一体化的推进,国际旅游与国际贸易发展之间相互促进、相互影响的作用强度将会进一步增强。     

池州国家级生态经济示范区生态系统价值的计算

利用Mark·T·Brown的自然资本能值法和Costanza的生态系统效益价值法,从经济角度分别计算了池州生态经济示范区的生态系统的资本价值和效益价值,得出该示范区生态资本可达7899亿美元,其中缓慢可更新生态资本和不可更新资本分别占24 8%和75 2%,是2001年本地区GDP值的1000倍;生态效益价值达192 3亿元人民币,是2001年本地区GDP的3 1倍,生态系统对环境贡献率大。通过价值计算进一步论证了池州生态经济示范区的生态示范作用,为充分合理地发挥生态系统效益促进经济与自然协调发展提供科学依据。     

人力和物质资本对农业经济增长的空间差异

为探索人力、物质两大资本对我国农业经济增长的作用差异,采用我国31个省份2001—2019年的数据实证分析了我国农业经济增长对两大资本的产出弹性。结果表明:人力、物质两大资本对农业经济的增长均具有显著促进作用,且人力资本作用更大。在差异性方面,东部地区、农业经济发展中等水平的地区受物质资本影响显著;中部地区、农业经济高水平的地区两大资本对农业经济均有显著促进作用,且人力资本作用更强;西部地区、农业发展低水平的地区两大资本对农业经济作用不显著,农业经济增长由物质资本驱动向人力资本驱动转变。     

最透明的中国:信息流失与经济安全

在经济金融化、信息全球化时代,通过一组概念设计,大量财富就能被他人卷走,其关键在于核心信息被他人掌握或窃取。三大评级机构控制中国资本市场定价权、四大会计师事务所垄断国内高端审计咨询业务、国际投行为国家战略企业周密服务——有人说,中国是世界上最透明的国家。金融是现代经济的核心,可以强国,也可以弱国,还可以亡国。构建一个完善的经济信息安全战略防范体系,对于中国的发展既重要又紧迫。     

社会资本对经济增长的影响研究——创新能力的中介作用

利用2010—2014年中国省级层面面板数据,建立层次回归分析模型,实证检验了社会资本对经济增长的影响效应,并探讨了创新能力在两者关系间的中介作用。结果显示:结构型社会资本和认知型社会资本对创新能力和经济增长均具有显著正向影响,认知型社会资本对两者的影响程度大于结构型社会资本对两者的影响程度;创新能力在结构型社会资本与经济增长的关系间、认知型社会资本与经济增长的关系间起部分中介作用。基于研究结论,提出增强创新能力与促进经济增长的对策建议。     

关于科学运作生态资本的研究和思考

科学运作生态资本是吉林省在生态省建设中的一个创举,是观念创新、技术创新和机制创新的重要成果;是在经济建设和环境保护实践中,总结正反两方面的经验,对自然规律和经济规律认识的升华。科学运作生态资本这一理念的提出,标志着吉林省对发展有了更全面的理解,对生态环境和资源本质的认识进人了崭新的境界。     

全球化对中国环保产业的影响对策

全球化正以它不可逆转之势引起世人的强烈关注，ＷＴＯ入盟之艰、亚洲金融危机等事件也使中国产业界急剧地体验了全球化的张力。如何从中国环保产业的角度把握全球化的大势，利用加盟ＷＴＯ的契机来调整发展战略，提高国际化经营水平，尚有不少课题亟待加以研究。 一、全球化视野 １、经济全球化是世界经济的主流。 全球化就其主体来说是指经济全球化，即世界经济在高新科技的推动下，通过跨国直接投资及国际金融市场的作用，不断实现国际化和一体化的进程。其主要特征是市场经济体制得到普遍认同，自由贸易政策被奉为圭臬，人类从地域经济…     

Resource management as a key factor for sustainable urban planning

Due to fast urbanization and increasing living standards, the environmental sustainability of our global society becomes more and more questionable. In this historical review we investigate the role of resources management (RM) and urban planning (UP) and propose ways for integration in sustainable development (SD). RM follows the principle of circular causation, and we reflect on to what extent RM has been an element for urban planning. Since the existence of the first settlements, a close relationship between RM, urbanization and technological development has been present. RM followed the demand for urban resources like water, energy, and food. In history, RM has been fostered by innovation and technology developments and has driven population growth and urbanization. Recent massive resource demand, especially in relation to energy and material flows, has altered natural ecosystems and has resulted in environmental degradation. UP has developed separately in response to different questions. UP followed the demand for improved living conditions, often associated to safety, good manufacturing and trading conditions and appropriate sanitation and waste management. In history UP has been a developing research area, especially since the industrial era and the related strong urbanization at the end of the 18th century. UP responded to new emerging problems in urban areas and became increasingly complex. Nowadays, UP has to address many objectives that are often conflicting, including, the urban sustainability. Our current urban un-sustainability is rooted in massive resource consumption and waste production beyond natural limits, and the absence of flows from waste to resources. Therefore, sustainable urban development requires integration of RM into UP. We propose new ways to this integration.     

环境化学中的QSAR研究方法

环境化学中的定量结构-活性相关（QSAR）研究具有重要的理论和实际意义，介绍了QSAR方法的历史和发展过程，及QSAR方法的研究体系，同时对QSAR发展趋势进行了展望。     

农用化学物资对土壤的污染状况与控制措施

随着现代化学农业的兴起与发展,不可避免地给环境造成污染。结合目前研究进展,主要从化肥、农药、地膜三方面入手,论述现代农业生产实践中,农用化学物资对重要的自然资源—土壤的污染状况及控制措施     

中国改革开放40年生态环境保护的历史变革——从“三废”治理走向生态文明建设

中国改革开放的40年也是生态环境保护管理体制不断改革和飞跃的40年。自1972年开展生态环境保护工作起,围绕着解决不同发展阶段突出环境问题的需要,每10年左右实现一次环境管理体制改革"大跨跃",不断改革、创新和发展了具有中国特色的生态环境保护治理体系与模式。坚持在发展中解决环境问题,以改善生态环境质量为核心,逐步构建了符合不同发展阶段特征的生态环境保护管理体系,包括完备的生态环境规划政策体系、完善的生态环境治理体系、完整的生态环境保护法律体系。在新时代中国特色社会主义建设过程中,应瞄准建设美丽中国的战略目标,立足中国、放眼世界,坚持绿色发展,做好顶层设计,构建生态环境管理体系新格局,共建清洁美丽世界。     

浅析教育与素质教育--对当前教育的反思

"素质教育"是我们在新的历史时期对教育中出现问题的有所针对的强调提法.可是,这恰恰说明了我们在教育理念认识上的偏差,"素质教育"这一概念本身就已经切割了教育的整体内涵,说明我们在教育中已经将文化素质的培养作为教育的全部,忽视了教育对其他素质的培养功能.正是由于我们教育理念的偏差,忽视了心理素质、道德素质、思想素质、政治素质等综合素质的培养,直接导致了教育的畸形与"迫害性".     

UK interpretation and implementation of the EEC Shellfish directive

The EEC Shellfish Directive is a policy designed to protect and, where necessary, improve the quality of designated shellfish waters. Its implementation within the UK, however, has had no effect upon water quality for two reasons. First, the policy has important defects, having ambiguities concerning public health provisions and lacking designation criteria. Second, UK government has sought to achieve formal compliance, while at the same time ensuring that its full financial impact on public expenditure has been contained. Consequently, only those fisheries which already comply with water quality standards have been designated. Within Wales, one fishery has been designated, while other, commercially more important, but grossly contaminated shellfisheries have not.     

The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment due to human use – present knowledge and future challenges

Intensive research on pharmaceuticals in the environment started about 15 years ago. Since then a vast amount of literature has been published. The input and presence of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and their fate in the environment were and is still of high interest. As it has been extensively demonstrated that the active compounds are present in the environment some of the research interest has moved from analysis of the compounds, which is still undertaken, to effect studies in the lab and in field trials. It has been found that environmental concentrations can cause effects in wildlife if proper tools are applied for effect assessment. The question of mixture toxicity has gained more and more attention. It has been learned that classical tests may underestimate effects and risks. Work has been done in the field of risk assessment and risk management. As for risk management strategies to eliminate pharmaceuticals from wastewater or from the effluent of sewage treatment plants have been proposed and investigated. A tremendous amount of literature can now be found describing technical management measures such as oxidative or photolytic effluent treatment, filtering techniques, and application of charcoal. It has been learned however, that each of these approaches has its specific shortcomings. Therefore, additional approaches such as including people handling and using the compounds, and focusing on the properties of the compounds (“green pharmacy”) came into focus. Accordingly, this review gives an overview of the present state of knowledge presenting typical results and lines of discussion. This review makes no claim to give a complete overview including the full detailed body of knowledge of pharmaceuticals in the environment. Rather, it addresses important and typical topics to stimulate discussion.     

由环境污染侵权的特征看环境污染侵权诉讼中的制度设计

我国已经是世界上环境污染最为严重的国家之一,环境污染给人们造成了巨大的侵害,环境污染侵权有不同于传统侵权行为的特征,针对这些特征来设计我国的环境污染侵权诉讼制度,对于防止环境污染的进行和环境污染侵权赔偿具有一定的理论和现实意义.     

Water Quality in Drinking Water Reservoirs of a Megacity, Istanbul

Providing clean water at relevant quality and quantity is a challenge that regulatory authorities have to face in metropolitan cities that seem to develop at their limits of sustainability. Istanbul strives to face such a challenge for its population of over 10 million, through six surface water resources. Two approaches of classification for the reservoirs are presented, one based on current regulations and an alternative based on a more detailed classification. The results have shown that nutrient control is the primary issue, and one of the reservoirs has already exceeded the limits of being eutrophic, one is at mesotrophic conditions, and the remaining four are at the limit of being eutrophic, indicating the significance of making the correct decision and taking pertinent measures for management and control. It has been observed that the only mesotrophic resource, which also has the best general quality class, has no industry and a very low population density, whereas the one that is already eutrophic is also the one with the lowest quality class, has the highest population density, and has the greatest percentage of urban land use within its watershed.     

Developing sustainable water management scenarios by using thorough hydrologic analysis and environmental criteria

Wetlands constitute a significant source of life since they incorporate unique habitats with endemic and migrant species. They also contribute to the preservation of high global biodiversity and they are under protection according to EU legislation. Nevertheless, during the last century, significant degradation has been observed in wetlands, mainly due to intensification of agriculture and poor water management practices. Calcareous fens habitat with the endangered species Cladium mariscus and Carex spp. is an ecologically significant wetland that undergoes great ecological stresses globally, due to the irrational use of water resources. In Trichonis lake, Western Greece, this habitat has been under deterioration during the last 50 years due to the lack of a sustainable water management plan that has caused destabilization of the hydrologic balance and high water level fluctuations. This human induced hydrologic regime has led to seasonal shifting between drought and flooding which constitute unfavorable conditions for this fen habitat and as a result significant elimination of this ecosystem extent has occurred. This study has adopted technologically advanced scientific methods such as GIS applications and remote sensing techniques to quantify the existing water resources and formulate a sustainable management scheme by considering both anthropogenic water uses and environmental protection.