经济全球化下环境审计内容的探讨

本文论述了经济全球化下环境审计的主要内客,介绍了目前我国开展环境审计的基本方面和国际上对环境审计内容的阐述,并指出了经济全球化下开展环境审计的重要性和必要性。     

经济全球化与环保企业的质量管理战略

分析影响环保企业质量管理水平的主要因素，提出经济全球化形势下环保企业应采取的质量管理战略。     

超越霸权，建立全球经济政治文化新秩序

经济全球化要求突破国家的界限,使生产要素在全球统一自觉配置,但是．美国等资本主义国家却要利用知识产权、金融、语言等霸权,来制造和扩大世界财富分配失衡和南北发展失衡。必须超越西方霸权,建立一种各国共同负责的全球经济政治文化新秩序．公正发展经济全球化、政治民主化、文化多样化、军事自卫化,最终用社会主义全球化取代资本主义全球化。为此．中国要认清自己的合作对象。     

中部地区资本投入与经济增长相关性研究

选取了我国中部地区各省1998-2008年间的人均GDP、人均物质资本投入和人力资本投入的时间系列数据,分别进行了ADF平稳性检验、基于VAR的Johansen协整检验和格兰杰因果检验.在协整模型基础上对选取变量进行回归分析,实证了人均GDP、人均物质资本投入和人力资本投入之间的相关性,并结合中部崛起提出了相应的政策建议.     

基于全球化背景的云南省现代物流业发展思考

在区域经济一体化深入推进的背景下,物流业发展是推动区域产业发展的重要连接。处于西南边疆的云南省因特殊的地理环境和区位优势,在国家西部战略中具有十分重要的意义,而物流业的发展将有效促进云南区域贸易的快速发展。对云南省现代物流发展做出全面的分析和认识是发展区域与国际物流的重要环节,将对深入推进国家西部大开发战略产生积极影响。     

经济新常态的环境要义

经济新常态实质上是中央力图在为下一轮经济高速增长创造条件,而其中的核心是要从维护资本的收益和安全出发,进一步提高全社会在资本上的利用效率和利用规模。今天,资源环境被扭曲的程度已经到了一个重要临界点,即其边际产出低到了无法再低的地步。只有适时控制资源环境的使用程度,才能逐步提高这个部门的边际产出水平。保护资源环境与其说是一项民生工程,不如说是一项资本工程。但在经济新常态的进程中,还远没有到把自然资源和生态环境要素提高到优先于资本要素的地步。因此,切不可对生态环境保护的进度有过高的估计,只有立足于科学研究和体制机制两方面,为改善生态环境打好基础,才足以在经济再次腾飞之时,彻底冲破深秋的重重雾霾,水到渠成地交上让大众满意的生态环境保护成绩单。     

池州国家级生态经济示范区生态系统价值的计算

利用Mark·T·Brown的自然资本能值法和Costanza的生态系统效益价值法,从经济角度分别计算了池州生态经济示范区的生态系统的资本价值和效益价值,得出该示范区生态资本可达7899亿美元,其中缓慢可更新生态资本和不可更新资本分别占24 8%和75 2%,是2001年本地区GDP值的1000倍;生态效益价值达192 3亿元人民币,是2001年本地区GDP的3 1倍,生态系统对环境贡献率大。通过价值计算进一步论证了池州生态经济示范区的生态示范作用,为充分合理地发挥生态系统效益促进经济与自然协调发展提供科学依据。     

浅析公路建设项目的环境经济损益分析

通过分析公路建设项目的特点及其对自然环境、社会环境的影响,筛选出评价因子,运用数学模型进行量化计算。     

人力和物质资本对农业经济增长的空间差异

为探索人力、物质两大资本对我国农业经济增长的作用差异,采用我国31个省份2001—2019年的数据实证分析了我国农业经济增长对两大资本的产出弹性。结果表明:人力、物质两大资本对农业经济的增长均具有显著促进作用,且人力资本作用更大。在差异性方面,东部地区、农业经济发展中等水平的地区受物质资本影响显著;中部地区、农业经济高水平的地区两大资本对农业经济均有显著促进作用,且人力资本作用更强;西部地区、农业发展低水平的地区两大资本对农业经济作用不显著,农业经济增长由物质资本驱动向人力资本驱动转变。     

Organic Agriculture’s Approach towards Sustainability; Its Relationship with the Agro-Industrial Complex, A Case Study in Central Macedonia, Greece

Up to now, several scientific works have noted that the organic sector resembles more and more conventional farming’s structures, what is widely known as the “conventionalization” thesis. This phenomenon constitutes an area of conflict between organic farming’s original vision and its current reality and raises ethical and social questions concerning the structure of agricultural systems of production and their interactions with the socio-economic and natural environment. The main issue of this dialogue is the concept of sustainable agriculture, which for scientists and policymakers is a means to express their vision of a better agriculture. In this article we focus on agricultural sustainability in the context of capitalist production as conducted by the two subsystems of agro-industrial system. As we have proposed in this article, the relationship between organic agriculture, defined by two essential components (prevention and direct marketing), and the agro-industrial complex, defined by two subsystems, indicates the degree of agricultural sustainability. The investigation of this relationship can be extremely useful as it may lead those involved in the discussion of sustainability to identify the key aspects of sustainable agriculture. In order to investigate the interaction of organic farming with the agro-industrial complex, a survey was conducted in Central Macedonia, Northern Greece, involving local organic farms. The results of our study indicate that a large proportion of organic producers did not differ substantially from their counterparts in conventional agriculture in so far as their relationship with the agro-industrial complex is concerned. Finally, this research highlights two scenarios for the evolution of organic farming. The first is the full absorption of organic farming to the existing economic system and the second one is the development of organic farming in a radically opposite direction to conventional farming.     

Economic appraisal and evaluation of UK waste minimisation clubs: proposals to inform the design of sustainable clubs

Waste minimisation clubs have been established for some 12 years in the UK. During that time, they have been significant driving forces in disseminating sustainable waste management practices in industry and commerce. Clubs have also demonstrated that they can achieve significant reductions in levels of waste. However, data on the economic benefits of these clubs remain scanty and disparate. In addition, no standard methodology has developed to assess whether the investment costs of clubs can be justified on grounds of either economic welfare or sustainable development, despite the theoretical advantages from doing so. Against this background, the paper considers the need for economic appraisal and evaluation of waste minimisation clubs and discusses how these methods could be applied to the creation of clubs that will be sustainable over time.     

Futures markets and economic efficiency: A theoretical perspective

This article examines the role of futures markets in schieving economic efficiency. The question is introduced in a timeless, certain framework, and extended to the case where time, but not uncertainty, becomes important: it is shown that in such a framework futures markets ensure economic efficiency. Uncertainty is then introduced, and it is shown that contingent markets ensure full efficiency, but that these are cumbersome; it is also shown that futures markets, as an alternative, ensure approximate efficiency. An appendix explores more formally the relation between markets and efficiency.     

基于机制设计理论的环境政策初探

机制设计理论是研究在市场失灵的情况下,如何设计一套机制达到既定社会目标的理论。而环境问题的特殊性质使得单纯依靠市场无法合理有效的解决环境问题,这就需要机制设计这一理论的指导。基于机制设计理论的原理,已探索出很多环境政策,有效的预防并解决了污染问题,使公众利益与社会的总体利益达到了“激励相容”。本文在以排污税、排污权交易等环境政策的设计为例,探讨了机制设计理论在环境政策制定中的应用,同时分析了机制设计理论存在的问题,指出在经济全球化的背景下,依靠机制设计理论解决环境问题遇到的瓶颈,提出了利用机制设计理论制定环境政策未来的可能方向和着力点。     

征收生态环境补偿费的现状及依据

本文论述了我国征收生态环境补偿费的必要性和理论依据、法律依据、政策依据,分析了征收生态环境补偿费的现状和存在问题,提出了建设性的意见。     

运用税收手段保护环境

目前,发达国家十分重视运用税收手段保护环境,促进经济、社会的可持续发展。本文首先分析了税收手段在环境保护中的作用,然后对我国应用税收手段保护环境的现状进行了分析,最后,对我国的“绿色”税收制度进行了探讨。     

Should restoration of small western watersheds be public policy in the United States?

Additional research is needed to determine whether restoration of degraded watersheds in the western United States should become large-scale public policy. Numerous small projects have demonstrated that vegetation can be restored, sediment losses halted, and, in some cases, formerly ephemeral streams made perennial. But if all watersheds in a basin were restored, what would be the overall effects both ecologically and economically? For example, if large-scale restoration of small watersheds were conducted in a western river basin, what would be the effects on water yield and quality for the basin as a whole? Would implementing basin-wide watershed restoration be cost-effective? A means of examining this question is to monitor a watershed prior to and during the restoration process and to compare the results to a control watershed. The watersheds would be instrumented such that the ecological processes and water balance could be monitored both instream and within the associated groundwater system. Overall effects would then be subjected to economic and policy analysis, and modeling would be used to extrapolate the new information over the entire basin. These results would then be available to political leaders and government agencies for determining whether large-scale watershed restoration should be public policy.     

Investment and future mineral production

The author reviews recent estimates of world resources and reserves and notes that reserves tend to grow with mineral consumption. Legal and economic constraints to the extraction of minerals are at least as important as physical availability. The author also points out that there is far more investment in minerals (government induced investment, companies diversifying into mining, etc) than some commentators suggest. However, the large mining projects of the 1960s belong to the past, and supplies of minerals may well become tight if there is a concerted economic boom.