Mitochondrial electron transport chain is involved in microcystin-RR induced tobacco BY-2 cells apoptosis

Microcystin-RR （MC-RR） has been suggested to induce apoptosis in tobacco BY-2 cells through mitochondrial dysfunction including the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential . TO further elucidate the mechanisms involved in MC-RR induced apoptosis in tobacco BY-2 cells, we have investigated the role of mitochondrial electron transport chain （ETC） as a potential source for reactive oxygen species （ROS）. Tobacco BY-2 cells after exposure to MC-RR （60 mg/L） displayed apoptotic changes in association with an increased production of ROS and loss of Am. All of these adverse effects were significantly attenuated by ETC inhibitors including Rotenone （2 μmol/L, complex I inhibitor） and antimycin A （0.01 μmol/L, complex III inhibitor）, but not by thenoyltrifluoroacetone （S μmol/L, complex Ⅱinhibitor）. These results suggest that rnitochondrial ETC plays a key role in mediating MC-RR induced apoptosis in tobacco BY-2 cells through an increased mitochondrial production of ROS.     

微囊藻毒素-RR对烟草细胞活力及营养生理的影响

采用0.1,1.0,10.0μg/mL的微囊藻毒素-RR(MC-RR)处理烟草BY-2悬浮细胞,测定了细胞活力、细胞内蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量、硝态氮含量及总磷含量,并且检测了酸性磷酸酶(ACP)的活力变化情况.结果表明,中、高浓度毒素处理细胞2d后,细胞活力及蛋白质含量与对照相比均显著下降.高浓度MC-RR处理降低了胞内可溶性糖的含量,暴露2d后仅为对照的45.57%;低浓度MC-RR处理在后期增加了胞内可溶性糖含量.高浓度毒素处理细胞4d后,细胞内硝态氮含量显著低于对照;中、低浓度毒素处理细胞7d后降低了胞内硝态氮含量.3组毒素处理均降低了胞内总磷含量,到实验结束时,低、中、高浓度处理组的胞内磷含量分别为对照的74.98%、76.47%和84.00%.3组处理组ACP活力与对照相比呈现先降低后升高的趋势.     

烟草悬浮细胞抗氧化系统对微囊藻毒素-RR的响应

采用0.1mg/L的微囊藻毒素-RR(MC-RR)处理烟草BY-2悬浮细胞,测定了细胞活力、细胞内活性氧(ROS)及抗氧化系统的变化.结果表明,处理144h后,BY-2的细胞活力与对照相比无显著差异,但是处理细胞的ROS含量随着MC-RR处理时间的延长而迅速上升,96h后,细胞的ROS含量与对照差异显著;毒素处理细胞的过氧化物酶(POD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性明显升高,分别在处理48h和72h后与对照差异显著;细胞中还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量有一个先下降后升高的过程,96h后,MC-RR处理的细胞中GSH含量显著高于对照;然而,0.1mg/L的MC-RR处理144h后,过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与对照相比没有显著差异.恢复处理168h后,抗氧化系统各个指标均恢复到对照水平.     

SO2污染对小鼠骨髓细胞微核的诱发作用

在SO2吸入慢性染毒条件下,小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞（PCE）的微核细胞率与微核率均显著增加,且雌雄差异显著。结果也表明,SO2对阳性致突变剂乌拉坦航发微核的作用有显著抑制效应。本研究模拟SO2空气污染,从整体水平直接证实了SO2是哺乳类细胞染色体断裂剂、SO2与阳性致突变剂的联合作用是复杂的结论。     

Elevated 5-hydroxymethycytosine and cell apoptosis induced by tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone in mouse embryonic stem cells

<正>Pentachlorophenol(PCP)has been extensively used as a fungicide,bactericide,herbicide,molluscicide。algaecide and insecticide worldwide(Ahlborg and Thunberg,1980:Choudhury et al.,1986).Although PCP is primarily used as a preservative for wood and wood products,it has been also used in a variety of other products,including adhesives,construction materials,leather and paper.PCP is environmentally persistent with a half-life of up to 6-7 months in soil and water systems(Law     

A novel approach for VOC source apportionment combining characteristic factor and pattern recognition technology in a Chinese industrial area

Volatile organic compound (VOC) emission control and source apportionment in small-scale industrial areas have become key topics of air pollution control in China. This study proposed a novel characteristic factor and pattern recognition (CF-PR) model for VOC source apportionment based on the similarity of characteristic factors between sources and receptors. A simulation was carried out in a typical industrial area with the CF-PR model involving simulated receptor samples. Refined and accurate source profiles were constructed through in situ sampling and analysis, covering rubber, chemicals, coating, electronics, plastics, printing, incubation and medical treatment industries. Characteristic factors of n-undecane, styrene, o-xylene and propane were identified. The source apportionment simulation results indicated that the predicted contribution rate was basically consistent with the real contribution rate. Compared to traditional receptor models, this method achieves notable advantages in terms of refinement and timeliness at similar accuracy, which is more suitable for VOC source identification and apportionment in small-scale industrial areas.     

Elevated 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine in genome of T24 bladder cancer cells induced by halobenzoquinones

Halobenzoquinones(HBQs) are an emerging class of halogenated disinfection byproducts(DBPs) in drinking water, which raised public concerns due to potential carcinogenic effects to human bladder. Our previous work demonstrated that HBQs and hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2)together generated oxidative DNA damage via a metal-independent and intercalationenhanced oxidation mechanism in vitro. This study further investigated the efficiency of various HBQs to induce oxidative DNA damage in T24 bladder cancer cells. Compared with T24 cells without treatment(3.1 lesions per 10~6 d G), the level of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine(8-oxod G) significantly increased by 1.4, 3.2, 8.8, and 9.2 times after treatment with tetrabromo-1,4-benzoquinone(TBBQ), terachloro-1,4-benzoquinone(TCBQ),2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone(2,6-DCBQ) and 2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone(2,5-DCBQ) for24 hr, respectively. Interestingly, we found that the oxidative potency of HBQs in T24 cells(2,5-DCBQ ≈ 2,6-DCBQ TCBQ TBBQ) is inconsistent with that of in vitro ds DNA oxidation(TCBQ TBBQ 2,5-DCBQ 2,6-DCBQ), suggesting HBQs induce oxidative lesions in cellular genomic DNA probably involved with a complex mechanism.     

不同粒径汽车尾气颗粒物对A549细胞毒性作用的比较

讨论并比较了不同粒径汽车尾气颗粒物对人肺癌上皮细胞A549的毒性作用.通过采样器MOUDI分级捕获不同粒径的汽车尾气颗粒物,再分别以0、50、100、200、400 μg·mL^-1的浓度及不同粒径的尾气颗粒物对A549细胞染毒48 h,然后用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法 检测颗粒物对细胞活力的影响,用乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）释放法测定细胞膜完整性的改变,用超氧化物歧化酶（Super oxide dismutase,SOD）及丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）试剂盒测定细胞的氧化应激水平及氧化损伤.结果显示：染毒浓度为50 μg·mL^-1时,各粒径染毒组与对照组,以及各粒径染毒组之间细胞生存率的差异均不显著（p>0.05）;染毒浓度为100~400 μg·mL^-1时,与对照组相比,各粒径汽车尾气颗粒物均以剂量依赖的方式引起细胞存活率降低（p<0.05）;同一染毒浓度下,PM_0.18~1.00组抑制细胞增殖的能力、破坏细胞膜完整性的能力及引起胞内氧化应激水平升高的能力均显著强于PM_1.00~3.20组,其中,PM_0.56~1.00组毒性最大.与对照组相比,各粒径染毒组胞内MDA含量均上升（p<0.05）,其中,PM_0.56~1.00组胞内MDA含量最高,其他粒径染毒组彼此之间的MDA含量差异不显著（p>0.05）.因此,汽车尾气颗粒物可抑制A549细胞增殖功能,破坏细胞膜的完整性,引起细胞氧化应激及膜脂质的过氧化损伤.不同粒径汽车尾气颗粒物对细胞的损伤作用有所差异,PM_0.18~1.00的毒性强于PM_1.00~3.20,而PM_0.56~1.00的毒性又强于PM_0.18~0.56.     

DEHP经sirt1/pgc-1a通路诱导的HepG2细胞线粒体损伤效应

为研究邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）是否通过sirt1/pgc-1a通路对细胞产生损伤效应, 通过体外培养HepG2细胞,在1.6, 8, 40, 200, 1000mmol/L DEHP处理24或48h后,采用CCK-8测定细胞活力,ATP试剂盒检测细胞内ATP含量,NO试剂盒检测细胞上清NO含量,ELISA试剂盒检测细胞上清炎症因子TNF-a、IL-6的含量;同时在DEHP作用于HepG2细胞24或48h后,用Western blot检测线粒体调控基因sirt1、pgc-1a,nrf1、tfam的蛋白表达.结果表明：不同浓度的DEHP处理24, 48h后,细胞活力在高剂量都呈显著下降趋势.DEHP能引起ATP含量的显著下降、炎症因子含量的显著提高,但NO含量无显著变化.4种线粒体调控基因的蛋白表达水平sirt1、pgc-1a,nrf1、tfam在24h时无显著变化.而在48h时,随着剂量增加蛋白含量呈上升后下降趋势,并且sirt1在8mmol/L呈显著上升趋势,随后每个蛋白都在1000mmol/L显著下降（P < 0.05）.DEHP能引起HepG2细胞氧化应激,并通过影响sirt1/pgc-1a信号通路表达来影响线粒体生物合成从而造成细胞损伤.     

北京市冬季空气中PM2.5对THP-1细胞焦亡的影响

为了验证PM_2.5进入肺部后,在肺巨噬细胞清除PM_2.5组分中是否发生细胞焦亡效应,本研究以THP-1细胞作为人巨噬细胞模型,以不同浓度PM_2.5暴露于THP-1细胞,采用CCK-8法检测细胞存活率,试剂盒检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放水平,荧光显微镜下观察细胞PI染色情况,流式细胞仪检测Annexin V/PI染色,蛋白免疫印迹(Western blotting)检测焦亡相关蛋白NLRP3、ASC、caspase-1、GSDMD的表达,以及ELISA法检测IL-1β、IL-18的分泌等来检测PM_2.5暴露诱导THP-1细胞的焦亡发生和炎症因子释放水平.结果显示：THP-1细胞暴露于PM_2.5后,细胞存活率的降低与PM_2.5暴露浓度的增加呈正相关;THP-1暴露PM_2.548 h后,细胞胀大并呈气泡状;与空白对照(PBS)组相比,PM_2.5暴露组与阳性对照组(1.0μg·mL^-1LPS+5.0...     

A novel and stretchable carbon-nanotube/Ni@TiO2:W photocatalytic composite for the complete removal of diclofenac drug from the drinking water

We present the structural, morphological and photocatalytic properties of stretchable composites made with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), silicon rubber and Ni@TiO₂:W nanoparticles (TiWNi NPs) with average size of 37 ± 2 nm. Microscopy images showed that the TiWNi NPs decorated the surface of the CNT fibers, which are oriented in a preferential direction. TiWNi NPs presented a mixture of anatase/rutile phases with cubic structure. The performance of the TiWNi powders and stretchable composites was evaluated for the photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac (DCF) anti-inflammatory drug under ultraviolet-visible light. The results revealed that the maximum DCF degradation percentages were 34.6%, 91.9%, 97.1%, 98.5% and 100% for the CNT composite (stretched at 0%), TiWNi powders, CNT + TiWNi (stretched at 0%), CNT + TiWNi (stretched at 50%) and CNT + TiWNi (stretched at 100%), respectively. Thus, stretching the CNT + TiWNi composites was a good strategy to enhance the DCF degradation percentage from 97.1% to 100%, since stretching created additional defects (oxygen vacancies) that acted as electron sink, delaying the electron-hole recombination, and favors the DCF degradation. Raman/absorbance measurements confirmed the presence of such defects. Moreover, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by the scavenger's experiments and found that the main ROS were the ·OH and O₂⁻ radicals, which attacked the DCF molecules, causing their degradation. The results of this investigation confirmed that the stretchable CNT/TiWNi-based composites are a viable alternative to remove pharmaceutical contaminants from water and can be manually separated from the decontaminated water, which is unviable using photocatalytic powders.     

A novel use of TiO2 fiber for photocatalytic ozonation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in aqueous solution

More efficient oxidation methods are needed to degrade especially newly emerging recalcitrant organic contaminants at low concentrations in the water environment. Reduced photonic efficiency of immobilized TiO2 is a major challenge in TiO2-assisted advanced oxidation processes (AOP). Mineralization of 2,4-dichllorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in low aqueous solution by O3/UV/TiO2 using the world's first high-strength TiO2 fiber was investigated and compared with O3, UV/TiO2, and O3/TiO2 in laboratory batch ex...