振动试验中常见问题的分析

振动试验是装备环境试验不可缺少的部分,本文分析了试验条件的制定、试验夹具的设计和试验样品安装等振动试验中比较重要的环节,提出了振动试验实施过程中常见的几个问题,并结合实际操作经验给出了解决方案。     

电工产品环境适应性

本文系机械工业环境适应性调查报告之八,主要介绍电机电器、电缆、配电设备等在湿热、寒冷、高原、矿山、、海洋、工业环境中的适应性。     

汽车电子电气零部件环境适应性和可靠性验证

本文介绍了汽车电子电器零部件开发过程中的环境适应性和可靠性验证方法。主要通过对开发过程中各个阶段验证情况的研究,分析了现在车厂对汽车电子电气零部件的试验目标、试验项目及试验时间的设定方法,为车载电气零部件的环境适应性和可靠性验证提供依据。     

机电一体化产品的数控系统湿热环境适应性及防护技术初探

研究了机电一体化产品的数控系统的湿热使用环境条件及其对产品的影响，在此基础上，提出提高产品在湿热环境适应性方面的防护技术措施。     

户内外防腐型电工产品的环境适应性

主要探讨户外和腐蚀环境因素对电工产品的影响,防腐和户外型电工产品使用环境条件标准的制订及其发展过程。介绍户内外防腐电工产品的环境条件、产品研制情况技术特点和使用效果。提出对下一步发展科研工作的建议。     

振动环境试验中应注意问题分析

为了使振动试验具有高的再现性,试验的结果可信度高,防止因试验设备、人为操作失误而造成试验结果出现偏差。对振动试验中影响试验结果的因素进行了简要的说明,并对试验中应注意的问题进行了描述。     

航空电子设备服役环境适应性分析

涂层体系是保护舰载航空电子外置设备的有效直接方式.本文在实验室内采用模拟飞机服役环境的仿真加速腐蚀试验环境谱开展某新型涂层试件加速腐蚀试验,通过宏观观测描述试件外观形态变化,通过电化学阻抗谱分析技术,根据电化学基本特性容抗、阻抗参数,对涂层腐蚀规律和耐蚀性进行分析,研究发现,电泳涂层在4年服役期内具有一定防护性能,之后...     

可靠性试验中环境应力与产品故障机理间关系研究

本文阐述了进行可靠性试验所用的环境应力种类,介绍了每种环境应力所会引起的故障模式,分析研究了每种环境应力可能导致的故障机理,并对实际试验中出现的典型故障模式进行了分析,最后对产品设计如何耐环境应力提出了建议。     

空间相机超轻次镜环境适应性分析及试验

环境适应性分析主要指空间相机各部组件适应地面装调阶段重力、温度、强迫位移等因素以及发射阶段振动环境影响的能力.通常采取有限元仿真分析与试验相结合的方法对产品性能进行评估.本文介绍了某空间相机超轻次镜及柔性支撑结构设计情况,通过有限元分析得到了产品在重力载荷、温度载荷、胶缩影响等工况下的反射镜RMS值.然后对部组件进行了...     

环境适应性与产品国际竞争力高峰论坛在广州举行

本刊讯 7月25日上午，“环境适应性与产品品国际竞争力高峰论坛”在广州迎宾馆举行。广东省科技厅廖兆龙副巡视员、省材料检测与评价科技创新平台有关负责人、美国Atias气候服务集团总裁Jack．Martin、Atlas美国公司经理RiChard．Siomko出席了会议，省直有关部门和海关总署等职能部门、相关专业镇、省级科技创新平台、美的、格力等单位的负责人约70余名参加了本次论坛。     

电热器具安全性可靠性探讨

本文首先介绍了产品安全性和可靠性的关系,通过对电热水壶电路的分析和比较,提出了一些改进意见.希望相关的企业通过上述的分析,从中得到借鉴,进而提高类似产品的安全性和可靠性.     

Predicting future quantities of obsolete household appliances in Nanjing by a stock-based model

China has become one of the largest producers of obsolete household appliances (HAs) in the world. However, information on discarded HAs in China is deficient owing to the unavailability of reliable data. The estimation of future obsolete streams is a crucial issue for the establishment of efficient waste collection and recycling systems. The present study describes a prediction model to forecast future obsolete HAs on the basis of information of in-use stocks of HAs in households. The model was applied to a forecasting analysis of quantities of obsolete HAs from 2009 to 2050 in Nanjing, China. The results show that a total of about 76 million units (2.8 million tonnes) of obsolete HAs will be generated in Nanjing over the next 40 years. Discarded air conditioners, color TV sets, and personal computers will be the major contributors. The total discarded amount of major kinds of HAs will increase from nearly 1.0 million units in 2009 to a maximum of 2.1 million units in 2040, and then decrease slightly to 2.0 million units in 2050. Urban households will generate significantly more obsolete HAs (about 56 million units) than rural households, due to the difference in their HA possession levels. The results of this study should help the Nanjing municipality to develop the collection and recycling systems and facilities needed for the obsolete HAs generated in the future. From a methodological perspective, the stock-based model provides a suitable tool to predict the generation of discarded HAs in the future.     

定氢仪在环境试验中的应用

本文叙述了定氢仪的测氢原理、结构、特点及定氢仪在环境试验中的用途。     

我国湖泊的环境问题及治理对策

我国湖泊众多,类型多样,分布不均衡;以浅水、小型、老年消亡期为主,富营养化特征系浮游植物响应型为主;水源污染主要是富营养化和有机污染;污染治理对策应以生态系统修复为根本,控制陆源污染物为前提。     

Urban environmental problems in cities of the Kurdistan region in Iraq

Cities in the Kurdistan region in Iraq – particularly, the capital city of Hewlair (Erbil) – are facing environmental problems such as water, air and noise pollution. Political instability, ethnic tensions, politically motivated decisions, wars and economic sanctions, consumerism, lack of sufficient funds, and tension between the federal and regional governments due to power and wealth sharing are major contributors to the environmental problems; this paper will depict and analyse these. Although these problems are causing serious health issues for the inhabitants and sometimes death, the authorities are unable to solve them. The paper sheds light on the causes and effects of the environmental problems and also draws conclusions and makes suggestions.     

秦皇岛市社区环境问题现状分析及对策建议

在简单介绍当前秦皇岛市部分社区存在的环境问题及环境管理方面出现的问题的基础上,分析其产生原因,并结合环境管理相关法律、法规、政策和制度,从多方面提出解决的对策及建议.     

Quantifying the influence of environmental and water conservation attitudes on household end use water consumption

Within the research field of urban water demand management, understanding the link between environmental and water conservation attitudes and observed end use water consumption has been limited. Through a mixed method research design incorporating field-based smart metering technology and questionnaire surveys, this paper reveals the relationship between environmental and water conservation attitudes and a domestic water end use break down for 132 detached households located in Gold Coast city, Australia. Using confirmatory factor analysis, attitudinal factors were developed and refined; households were then categorised based on these factors through cluster analysis technique. Results indicated that residents with very positive environmental and water conservation attitudes consumed significantly less water in total and across the behaviourally influenced end uses of shower, clothes washer, irrigation and tap, than those with moderately positive attitudinal concern. The paper concluded with implications for urban water demand management planning, policy and practice.     

环境条件对电工电子产品安全性能的影响

结合我国环境条件的特点,分析了环境条件（如：高温、低温、低气压等）对电工电子产品安全性能产生的影响,并提出了解决此问题的建议。     

ISO26262对电动汽车电磁兼容性的影响

随着化石燃料的逐渐枯竭和尾气排放法规的逐渐严格,电动汽车逐渐得到了市场的认可,但是与此同时,电动汽车的安全和可靠性问题也越来越严峻。汽车功能安全标准ISO 26262对电动汽车的功能安全相关的要求进行了规定。对ISO 26262中对EMC的要求进行了梳理总结,并研究了其与现存EMC标准的关系。最后,提出了电动汽车改进EMC性能的方法和途径,从而更好地符合ISO 26262标准。     

A review of the Nigerian petroleum industry and the associated environmental problems

Nigeria has abundant deposits of oil and natural gas and their exploitation has improved the economy substantially, but with serious environmental costs. Severe ecological damage has occurred in the Niger Delta area where most of the oil industries are based. Statutory rules and regulations for environmental protection applicable to the oil industry in Nigeria appear to be generally inadequate and ineffective. So far, air pollution has not been properly addressed. Natural gas is still being flared from many oil wells, with serious air pollution problems and a waste of this resource. The legal control of air pollution in the light of the ongoing operations of liquified natural gas (LNG) and compressed natural gas (CNG) projects is advised along with other measures for environmental quality, control and the conservation of resources.