PLC在污水处理中的应用

针对某污水处理工程工艺流程的控制要求，设计了一套以PLC为控制中心的控制系统。对该系统的功能、硬件配置、软件设计思想和程序结构进行了讨论，实际运行表明，该系统合理、有效和可靠。     

太阳能路灯技术的国内外研究动态及其在浙江新农村建设中的应用

针对中国太阳能利用技术的现状，分析比较了太阳能路灯在国内利用的可行性，详细介绍了浙江某示范村的太阳能路灯工程情况，并对该工程进行了经济可行性的分析。     

灰色多层次综合评判模型在废水治理工程综合评价中的应用

提出了废水治理工程综合评价的灰色多层次综合评判模型，并以某省七家小造纸厂黑液治理工程为例，进行了排序计算，结果证明了该评价方法具有客观性和实用性。     

微波在环境污染治理工程中的应用

微波加热技术在环境污染治理中正逐步得到应用。本文主要介绍了微波加热技术的基本原理和优缺点及近年来微波加热技术在污染土壤的修复、废物处理、活性炭再一和废气处理等领域的应用进行综述，并与传统的处理技术进行比较，分析该技术进一步推广应用的限制因素，同时对该技术今后在环境污染治理工程中应用的发展方向进行了预测。     

汽车涂装废水的处理

汽车涂装废水污染物种类较多，水质、水量波动较大，工程、工艺设计时需对源头水进行分流，并对高浓度废液进行分质预处理，以提高后续处理工艺的稳定性，进而确保废水处理稳定达标排放。南汽集团公司所属南维柯车身厂涂装废水处理站，在工程工艺设计中，根据上述原理，同时，根据所执行的一级排放标准的需要，选择了两级物化加水解酸化，再加SBR生化处理方法。实践表明，该污水处理站工程，工艺费用合理，净化效果稳定，并达到相应排放标准。     

杭州首家工业联片污水处理工程通过验收

杭州市首家股份制纺织联片污水处理工程于1996年12月12日通过竣工验收，并投入正常运行。该工程位于杭州市拱定桥桥西纺织工业区内，占地0．97hm2，设计规模日处理水量5000t，采用兼氧、表曝工艺。总投资760余万元，资金来源为纺织部、杭州市环保局拨款，杭州市建行贷款和企业自筹。参加组织联片污水工程的企业有纺织、化纤、丝绸等6家单位。该工程从1992年12月开工，1995年11月全部接纳了6个厂的污水，经1年多的调试运行，已处理污水72．7万t，主要污染物CODcr去除率达85％以上，达到国家规定的排放标准。目前正常运行成本（不包括还贷付…     

排水管道修复——调查与决策

上海市地下水位常年较高，由于排水管道超龄服役、管道材质差、施工工艺落后等原因，导致过量地下水渗入，环境污染严重。文中提出了上海市排水系统地下水渗入量调查的操作程序，并讨论了管道修复决策的依据和修复工程的经济顺序。该课题成果对我国南方高地下水位地区排水管道的维护管理具有借鉴意义。     

东太湖水污染控制途径

根据东太糊形成的历史和演变情况，分析了该湖泊功能的变化。近十年来，该湖生态环境出现了一些令人担忧的情况，主要是水产养殖面积成倍增长，水生生物大幅度减少，水环境质量明显下降，湖泊淤积日趋严重。为了保护东太湖生态环境，恢复湖泊自然生态平衡，作者从生态的保护、水资源的合理利用、污染治理的工程和管理措施等方面探讨了东太湖水污染控制的途径。     

水解酸化—接触氧化—混凝气浮工艺处理高浓度漂染废水

本文介绍了水解酸化－接触氧化－混凝气浮工艺在处理高浓度漂染废水中的工程应用。结果表明，漂染废水经该工艺处理后CODCr去除率为95％，色度去除率为90％。该工艺具有占地面积小，脱色效果好，处理效率高等特点，能广泛应用于纺织漂染废水的实际工程中。     

某地放射性废物处置工程及其效果评价

江苏省某经济开发区发现一历史遗存的放射性物质暂存库，经多方努力，该暂存库内的放射性废物得到有效处置。介绍了处置工程的各个主要环节及其效果，并对处置中可能存在的问题进行了讨论。     

防止南水北调运河水质被污染的思考

作为南水北调输水明渠的京杭大运河，将成为受水区人民的生命河。因此，对北调的水质如何保证不受其污染，就要对每一个可能产生的污染源采取有效的防治措施。     

万家寨引黄北干线桑干河道输水水质模拟与控制

主要对采用河道输水方案的山西万家寨引黄北干线桑干河道水质进行模拟与控制研究,依据各水体特性建立河流水质数值模型和水库数值模型,运用系统分解方法将整个研究河道分解为若干个河段,并采用情景分析方法生成3个水质模拟情景,分析模拟结果表明,在山阴取水口和怀仁取水口水质达地表水Ⅲ类标准条件下,册田水库的入水水质不达标。应用反演思想生成2个水质控制情景和3个子情景,在水库出水口水质达标的情况下,分析确定沿河各排污口的污染物排放控制量,给出了保证册田水库水质安全的控制方法。     

南水北调工程徐州段治污与地方经济的可持续发展

南水北调工程的实施，将缓解徐州市水资源紧缺的矛盾，对整个徐州社会经济发展将起到十分重要的促进作用。同时也对水资源管理、开发利用、水源保护方面提出了很高的要求。如何抓住这一历史机遇，解决地区水污染防治存在的突出问题，实现水资源的合理利用，保障地方经济的可持续发展。     

Burning Water: A Comparative Analysis of the Energy Return on Water Invested

While various energy-producing technologies have been analyzed to assess the amount of energy returned per unit of energy invested, this type of comprehensive and comparative approach has rarely been applied to other potentially limiting inputs such as water, land, and time. We assess the connection between water and energy production and conduct a comparative analysis for estimating the energy return on water invested (EROWI) for several renewable and non-renewable energy technologies using various Life Cycle Analyses. Our results suggest that the most water-efficient, fossil-based technologies have an EROWI one to two orders of magnitude greater than the most water-efficient biomass technologies, implying that the development of biomass energy technologies in scale sufficient to be a significant source of energy may produce or exacerbate water shortages around the globe and be limited by the availability of fresh water.     

流域水资源管理中的出境水水质目标管理的思考

从出境水水质目标出发，提出出境水水质目标管理的两个阶段、实施及其可行性。     

Water Security in Uzbekistan: Implication of Return Waters on the Amu Darya Water Quality

- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2006.01.007 Goal, Scope and Background Amu Darya river, one of the main water resources of Uzbekistan, shows a relevant longitudinal enrichment of soluble contents which strongly limits the human uses of its waters. Because of the low natural run-off processes, salts and pollutants are mainly driven to the river by the return waters used for washing and irrigating the surrounding lands. The influence of return waters on stream quality is dramatically relevant in the lower reaches of the river where almost all the flowing waters have been previously used for the agriculture practises. To provide analytical evidence on the potential effects of return waters on the quality of the Amu Darya river, the paper reports and comments data on salinity and metals contents of the waters flowing in the artificial channel network of Bukhara and in the Amu Darya river, from Bukhara up to the dam forming the Tuyamuyn Hydro Complex (THC). Methods A total of 15 sampling sites were selected for the analytical survey: Two sites were located on the Amu Darya river downstream from the inflow of the return waters from Bukhara, two in the river entering in the THC, and three downstream from the dam forming the reservoir complex. The waters entering and leaving the Bukhara agricultural area were sampled in two main collectors, while the waters flowing in the channel system were sampled in six distinct collectors. The following parameters were considered in the survey: pH, Oxygen, Hardness, Salinity, Conductivity, P-PO4 3–, P tot, N tot, N-NO3 2–, N-NO2 –, COD, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb. Results and Discussion Salt concentrations below 1000 mg/l were measured in the Amu Darya waters upstream to Bukhara. In the drainage system, salinity exceeds the palatability limit and reaches the maximum peak of 3200 mg/l in the outflow collector. Due to dilution effects, salinity returns to lower values (400–700 mg/l) along the Amu Darya river downstream from Bukhara; calcium and magnesium resulted the major constituents of the overall salinity. No serious metal contaminations were detected in the waters entering and leaving the examined channel system. Differently, the Amu Darya waters upstream to the THC showed a relevant metal contamination, with Cr, Ni, Fe concentrations exceeding the limits for human consumption. In the downstream sites, located in the Tuyamuyn Hydro Complex and in the Amu Darya river flowing out from this reservoir, excluding Fe, all the examined metals showed lover concentrations and values below the normative limits. Conclusion The direct human consumption of the lower Amu Darya waters is strongly limited by salinity and by metal contamination. Although the salinity of the return waters from the Bukhara drainage system results in above normal limits, no corresponding increases were measured in the Amu Darya river downstream from the return water inflow at the time of the survey. As for the metal contamination of the Amu Darya river, the survey revealed the presence of relevant sources of metal contamination downstream from Bukhara external to the agricultural drainage system. This contamination resulted in reduced sedimentation processes taking place in the limnetic zones of the Amu Darya river upstream to the dam forming the Tuyamuyn Hydro Complex. Recommendation and Outlook To fully understand the longitudinal increase of Amu Darya salinity, an evaluation of the cumulative effects of the loads from the main agricultural areas is required, also by using mass-balance models. As for the metals, an investigation should be addressed to identify the anthropogenic sources of contaminations present in the lower Amu Darya region and the metal loads should be diverted.     

太仓市饮用水水源污染现状和对策

根据太仓市饮用水地表水源和地下水的监测数据，分别采用单因子评价和综合评价方法，对饮用水源的水质进行评价。结果认为地表水水源已受到轻度污染，属Ⅲ类水；地下水的水质较差，已不适合于直接饮用。饮用水水源的主要污染物为COD、氨氮、挥发酚、硝酸盐氮和高锰酸盐指数。对饮用水水源的污染成因进行了全面分析，并从四个方面提出了水源安全保护对策：法律法规与行政手段、技术支撑、经济支持和宣传教育.     

测定地表水及饮用水中硫酸盐的两种方法探讨

通过比较两种监测分析方法,分析了测定硫酸盐分光光度法的影响因素、存在问题,以及火焰原子吸收法的优点,提出对不同浓度范围的硫酸盐,宜采用合适的分析方法,以减小测定的误差,提高测定结果的准确性和科学性。     

Governance of Water Resources in the Phase of Change: A Case Study of the Implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive in Sweden

In this article, focusing on the ongoing implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive, we analyze some of the opportunities and challenges for a sustainable governance of water resources from an ecosystem management perspective. In the face of uncertainty and change, the ecosystem approach as a holistic and integrated management framework is increasingly recognized. The ongoing implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) could be viewed as a reorganization phase in the process of change in institutional arrangements and ecosystems. In this case study from the Northern Baltic Sea River Basin District, Sweden, we focus in particular on data and information management from a multi-level governance perspective from the local stakeholder to the River Basin level. We apply a document analysis, hydrological mapping, and GIS models to analyze some of the institutional framework created for the implementation of the WFD. The study underlines the importance of institutional arrangements that can handle variability of local situations and trade-offs between solutions and priorities on different hierarchical levels.     

连云港市天然山泉水和井水调查

于2018年六五环境日期间开展便民服务,监测山泉水或井水。监测项目主要有:酸碱度、溶解性总固体、总硬度、氟化物、氯化物、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、重金属等。参照《生活饮用水标准检验法》(GB/T5750-2006)和《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)对居民送样水监测分析后评价,80%的水样存在某一项或几项指标超标,其中一半水样硝酸盐超标,需予以重视,建议提高安全用水意识,不要作为饮用水使用。