火电厂温排水溶解氧初探

本文通过夏、冬二季对火电厂温排水溶解氧的多次调查测定,较详细地了解了汽轮机凝汽器冷却水的进水和排水溶解氧变化情况。在对测定数据分析和现场调查的基础上,认为利用电厂温排水管沟弯头获得温排水的曝气复氧,可以减少或避免对天然水体溶解氧的影响。     

核电厂温排水余热综合利用方案设计的初步研究

核电厂温排水（循环冷却水）余热的充分利用,可以使原本要排放到大气或水域中的热量大大减少,甚至能实现电厂余热的＂零排放＂,在节约能源、产生巨大经济效益的同时,也达到了保护电厂温排水受纳水体免遭热污染的目的。在国内外温排水余热利用途径调研的基础上,运用生态工程理论和生态设计的理念,进行温排水余热综合利用方案设计的初步研究。     

水库富营养化的发展与电厂温排水

本文以姚孟电厂为例,通过有关的调查和试验资料研究分析,详细说明了水库富营养化发展的关键是水库外部营养物质向水库的输入,电厂的温排水只起到了一定的促进作用.     

电厂温排水对受纳水体影响的试验和观测

本文根据我室历年所作热力发电厂冷却水物理模型试验和温排水的原体观测资料,就电厂容量、取排水口工程布置和温排水对受纳水体近区和超温区的影响进行综合分析,供制定热排放标准和设计热力发电厂水工设施参考。     

滨海电站温排水数值模拟

针对滨海火（核）电站温排水海洋影响预测及评价的迫切需要,建立了二阶Osher格式水流——温度模型,采用“干湿单元水力模型”处理滨海电站所处海域复杂的计算边界,并结合某大型火电站温排水的数值模拟,显示了该模型正确模拟滨海电站温排水扩散过程的能力,为海洋环境影响评价提供可靠的技术资料.     

宜昌市平湖制药厂工业噪声污染调查与评价

本文论述了宜昌市平湖制药厂工业噪声污染调查及扩建工程工业噪声的环境影响评价。采用了目前国内较为通用的监测与评价方法和手段,较实际地调查和评价了该厂工业噪声的污染程度,以及扩建工程工业噪声对环境影响的程度。     

一种预测火电厂温排水影响的数值模型

电厂冷却水排入对受纳水体造成的热污染，将在局部范围内影响水生生物的生长发育，破坏生态平衡。因此，定量估算电厂温排水的影响范围并提出治理措施，是火电厂项目环评工作中重要内容之一。本文给出了一种边界符合良好、收敛性好的、符合实际的新型数学模型，定量估算电厂温排水排入受纳水体中所引起的温升范围。     

温排水对水体环境影响的数值模拟

电厂冷却水的合理排放和排放水体的温度预测能为水体环境影响评价提供科学依据.采用平面二维水流温度场数学模型,对池州电厂的温排水流场和温度场进行数值模拟.在流速验证的基础上,考察温度场的分布情况.分析结果显示,池州电厂二期扩建后的温排放对保护区及周边水体不会产生明显的热影响.     

阳宗海电厂改建工程温排水对湖水温度预测及对水生物影响分析

本文在阳宗海电厂现有机组温排水对湖水温升实测基础上，对改建2×200MW工程对湖水的温度影响分析作了一维估算和二维数值模拟计算，分析了对水生生物的影响，为改建工程确定冷却方式提供了科学依据。     

贴体边界下潮汐河口热（核）电厂温排放数值计算

为了正确评估潮汐河口热（核）电厂温排放热水回归和对受纳水体的环境影响，河口地区的流场与温度场的数据计算在电厂可行性研究和初步设计阶段十分重要。本文通过特殊式Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ方程转换建立贴体边界系统，在实际计算过程中自然边界与计算边界贴合良好，从而改进了流场与温度场计算精度。通过对某电厂在潮汐河口温排放的数值模拟，取得了令人满意的结果，为电厂水工设计和取排水口工程布置方案提供可靠的依据。     

烟气脱硝技术的研究

氮氧化物(NOx)的污染危害是一个不容忽视的问题.目前,我国燃煤电厂排放烟气的SO2治理已逐步走向正轨,新建的燃煤电厂基本都安装效率较高的脱硫装置.因此,控制NOx的排放将是下一步的主要任务.对选择性催化还原法(SCR)、非选择性催化还原法(SNCR)、电子束或电晕放电脱硝法、光催化氧化法等烟气中NOx控制技术的机理、现状、发展趋势和主要优缺点进行了详尽的论述.通过对各种工艺技术的脱除效率、应用条件、经济性等方面的分析、比较和总结,提出了未来脱硝技术研究工作的重点.基于我国的实际情况提出了烟气脱硝的可行方案,从而为工业废气脱硝技术的进一步开发和研究提供参考.     

典型石化废水达标排放处理技术综合评估

构建了基于层次分析法（AHP）和标杆法（BM）的水污染控制技术混合评估模型,并以石化废水达标排放处理技术为例,确定了包含3项一级指标、8项二级指标和14项三级指标的评估指标体系和指标权重。以5种典型石化废水达标排放处理技术工艺为评估对象,获得技术、经济、环境单项评估指数和综合评估指数。评估结果表明,“隔油+气浮+A/O-PACT”和“隔油+气浮+MBBR+催化臭氧氧化+BAF”两种技术工艺综合指数较高。实际应用时,还应根据工程实际情况对指标权重进行调整,因地制宜地选择合适的废水达标排放处理技术工艺。     

Effect of Reprocessing and Accelerated Weathering on ABS Properties

The feasibility of reprocessing has been investigated as a possible alternative for acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terpolymer (ABS) recycling. Up to 10 reprocessing cycles have been performed by both extrusion and injection techniques and their effect on thermal and mechanical properties have been studied. Moreover, the effect of the combined reprocessing and accelerated weathering has been analyzed. Measurements collected after each molding cycle indicated virtually complete retention of thermal properties. The same behaviour has been observed from accelerated weathering tests. With respect to the mechanical properties, neither the flow index nor the tensile strength were affected by the number of reprocessing cycles though the impact strength decreased slightly. However, the studies based on the accelerated weathering show that there is an important influence of the number of reprocessing cycles on the tensile strength.     

Evaluation of recycling policies for PET bottles based on multiattribute utility indices

This study focused on waste plastic, especially the polyethylene telephthalate (PET) bottle as representative waste, which has been assigned as goods to be recycled by the Packaging Waste Recycling Law in Japan. We developed a plastic transport model which explained the entire flow of plastic from the production stage to the disposal stage within an the evaluation model of plastic recycle policy based on multiattribute utility theory. This model is designed to be used by local municipal governments in supporting the evaluation of the PET bottle recycling policy. In evaluating the plastics recycling policy, we selected indices relating to economy, ecology, and rate of resource recycling. The results indicate that when the evaluation of the material recycling policy and thermal recycling policy in the model city were characterized in terms of their economic and environmental aspects the thermal recycling policy had the highest utility within our scenario. Received: July 31, 1998 / Accepted: January 26, 1999     

Treatment technology for remediation of wood preserving sites: Overview

This is the first in a series of five articles describing the applicability, performance, and cost of technologies for the remediation of contaminated soil and water at wood preserving sites. Site‐specific treatability studies conducted under the supervision of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL), from 1995 through 1997 constitute much of the basis for the evaluations presented, although data from other treatability studies, literature sources, and actual site remediations have also been included to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of remediation technologies. This article provides an overview of the wood preserving sites studied, including contaminant levels, and a summary of the performance of the technologies evaluated. The subsequent articles discuss the performance of each technology in more detail. Three articles discuss technologies for the treatment of soils, including solidification/stabilization, biological treatment, solvent extraction and soil washing. One article discusses technologies for the treatment of liquids, water and nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLS), including biological treatment, carbon adsorption, photolytic oxidation, and hydraulic containment. The reader should be aware that other technologies including, but not limited to, incineration, thermal desorption, and base catalyzed dehalogenation, also have application for treating contaminants on wood preserving sites. They are not discussed in these five articles since the focus was to evaluate lesser known and hopefully lower cost approaches. However, the reader should include consideration of these other technologies as part of any evaluation or screening of technologies applicable to remediation of wood preserving sites.     

Case Studies from Turkey: Xenobiotic-containing Industries, Wastewater Treatment and Modeling

Xenobiotic compounds are widely used in several industries; hence they frequently appear in industrial wastewaters. It is a well-known fact that even the discharge of conventionally treated wastewater may have adverse effects on the receiving water environment. Turkey, a developing EU applicant country, has many industrial sectors producing large amounts of xenobiotic-containing wastewaters. The problem is only enlarged by the lack of monitoring of these substances due to the deficiencies associated with their analysis and detection. Thus, studies in Turkey are based on the use of some collective parameters as a substitute for the xenobiotic itself. Biological, physicochemical, and integrated treatment technologies have been investigated for the removal and/or minimization of the possible adverse effects of xenobiotics in industrial wastewaters. In this respect, this paper provides an overview of the studies conducted on xenobiotic-containing wastewaters from specific industries in Turkey. Although the studies add invaluable information to the scientific background on the subject, new research on the exact biochemical mechanisms of xenobiotic biodegradation will further extend our understanding for improving treatment.     

Fly ash reinforced thermoplastic vulcanizates obtained from waste tire powder

Novel thermoplastic composites made from two major industrial and consumer wastes, fly ash and waste tire powder, have been developed. The effect of increasing fly ash loadings on performance characteristics such as tensile strength, thermal, dynamic mechanical and magnetic properties has been investigated. The morphology of the blends shows that fly ash particles have more affinity and adhesion towards the rubbery phase when compared to the plastic phase. The fracture surface of the composites shows extensive debonding of fly ash particles. Thermal analysis of the composites shows a progressive increase in activation energy with increase in fly ash loadings. Additionally, morphological studies of the ash residue after 90% thermal degradation shows extensive changes occurring in both the polymer and filler phases. The processing ability of the thermoplastics has been carried out in a Monsanto processability testing machine as a function of shear rate and temperature. Shear thinning behavior, typical of particulate polymer systems, has been observed irrespective of the testing temperatures. Magnetic properties and percolation behavior of the composites have also been evaluated.     

A Study on Benzoylation and Graft Copolymerization of Lignocellulosic Cannabis indica Fiber

Present work deals with the surface modification of Cannabis indica fiber through benzoylation and graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) onto C. indica fibers under the influence of microwave radiations. The Benzoylation of C. indica fiber was carried out by treating raw fiber with varying concentrations of benzoyl chloride solution. Different reaction parameters for graft copolymerization, such as reaction time, initiator concentration, nitric acid concentration, pH and monomer concentration were optimized to get the maximum percentage of grafting (25.54%). A suitable mechanism to explain benzoylation and graft copolymerization has been also proposed. Raw C. indica fiber, graft copolymerized and benzoylated fibers were subjected to evaluation of some of their properties like swelling behavior, moisture absorbance and resistance towards chemicals. Cannabis indica fibers treated with 5% benzoyl chloride solution and AN graft copolymerized fibers have been found to show more resistant towards moisture, water and chemicals when compared with that of untreated fibers. Morphological, structural changes, thermal stability and crystallanity of raw, graft copolymerized and benzoylated fibers have also been studied by SEM, FTIR, TGA and XRD techniques. It has been observed that the crystallinity of fiber decreases but thermal stability increases on surface modification.     

Renewable Resource-Based Biocomposites of Various Surface Treated Banana Fiber and Poly Lactic Acid: Characterization and Biodegradability

Eco-friendly completely biodegradable biocomposites have been fabricated using polylactic acid (PLA) and banana fiber (BF) employing melt blending technique followed by compression moulding. BF??s were surface treated by NaOH and various silanes viz. 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and bis-(3-triethoxy silyl propyl) tetrasulfane (Si69) to improve the compatibility of the fibers within the matrix polymer. Characterization studies have been suggested that a better fiber matrix interaction because of the newly added functionalities on the BF surface as a result of chemical treatments. In comparison with the untreated BF biocomposite, an increase of 136% in tensile strength and 57% in impact strength has been observed for Si69 treated BF biocomposite. DSC thermograms of surface treated BF biocomposites revealed an increase in glass transition and melting transition due to the more restricted macromolecular movement as a result of better matrix fiber interaction. The thermal stability in the biocomposites also increased in case of biocomposite made up of BF treated with Si69. Viscoelastic measurements using DMA confirmed an increase of storage modulus and low damping values for the same biocomposite. Biodegradation studies of the biocomposites have been investigated in Burkholderia cepacia medium through morphological and weight loss studies.