Web GIS信息系统对在南京考古遗址中的地理环境影响研究

考古文献是历史地理研究中一个重要的数据来源,在互联网时代对纸质文本进行数字化并根据考古遗址的时空特点建立信息系统,具有重要的意义.针对考古遗址的空间位置不明确,考古遗址信息系统注重空间特性但缺乏对原始文献的重视,基于WebGIS、关系型数据库技术以及MVC系统架构,设计并实现了南京考古遗址信息系统.从考古文献中提取考古遗址各种属性信息,构建考古遗址时空数据库,基于WebGIS信息系统发布南京考古遗址,实现考古遗址的时空可视化以及各个遗址点相关文献的原文阅读.提出了一种将考古遗址信息从单一的文本展示到融合时空信息的多维信息展示的技术流程,并为研究南京的历史地理学者提供了便捷的考古遗址资料共享平台.     

厚覆盖区1：25万区域地质调查工作方法研究

通过1：25万杭州市幅厚覆盖区第四纪研究和填图实践，初步总结出“以气候旋回及基准面旋回等时性理论为基础，从古气候旋回宏观识别标志研究人手，以标准孔为基准点外延扩展，在反复认识与验证的基础上，进行层序地层划分，建立剖面等时格架，制作高精度对比的剖面图及准瞬时岩相古地理图”的研究方法，以及“从古岸线沉积物研究人手，充分运用非正式岩石地层单位的表示方法，结合考古及地方志，填绘出具岩石空间分布、海平面升降信息、古文化遗址、浅表含水层展布及河流与海岸线变迁”的非常规填图方法。提高了本区第四纪地层研究精度，使地质图具有强烈的地区特色。拓宽了区调工作的服务领域。并为沿海厚覆盖区的区域地质调查另辟了一条新思路。     

Remote sensing of the atmosphere by VHF radar experiments

Problems in atmospheric dynamics, in particular in micro- and mesoscale processes, which can be solved by radar investigations, are summarized. The method of atmospheric radar experiments is described. Some relevant results obtained with the new SOUSY-VHF-Radar are presented, including observations of a warm-front passage, of layered structures, and of vertical and horizontal velocities in the troposphere. A power profile of radar echoes from heights up to the stratosphere proves that the SOUSY-VHF-Radar in its final operating state will be able to investigate structures and dynamics in the mesosphere too.     

应用地球物理方法研究撞击坑

陨石的撞击作用使靶岩形成一个特殊的地球物理场，具有低密度、低电阻率、低速度、磁力异常等不同于周边的岩性。因此，可利用重力、电法、磁法、地震等地球物理方法探测撞击坑的形态特征和寻找新的冲击构造。     

胶粉的生产利用现状及前景分析

废橡胶作为工业垃圾 ,已为世界所公认 ,介绍了废橡胶回收利用的意义和方法 ,着重阐述了胶粉的生产利用现状 ,并简要分析了胶粉的生产利用前景     

电磁监测卫星磁洁净控制方法研究

提出了卫星磁洁净控制的主要方法,覆盖从卫星可行性设计到最终系统级磁试验的各个阶段。结合电磁监测卫星的研制流程,介绍了在可行性论证、方案阶段和初样阶段卫星磁洁净控制工作的进展。开展的工作表明,卫星平台在绝对磁场校准装置位置产生的磁场干扰不确定量可以控制在0.5 nT,能够满足卫星在轨科学探测任务需求。     

全国及区域性人均耕地阈值的探讨

论文首先指出并不存在联合国粮农组织提出的人均耕地面积阈值;继而认为人均耕地面积阈值具有鲜明的时间和空间特征,需要有明确的前提条件。为此按1995年的耕地实际生产力(在耕地面积中扣除菜地和经济作物用地面积),以人均400kg、450kg、500kg粮食需求量的生活标准,提出就全国平均而言,人均耕地面积不应小于0.092hm₂、0.104hm₂、0.115hm₂(可以看作当前的人均耕地面积阈值)。根据2010、2030、2050年我国的预期耕地面积以及可能达到的生产能力,按人均400kg、450kg、500kg粮食需求量的生活标准,就全国平均而言,2010年人均耕地面积不应小于0.059hm₂、0.067hm₂、0.074hm₂(可以看作近期的人均耕地面积阈值);2030年人均耕地面积不应小于0.052hm₂、0.058hm₂、0.064hm₂(可以作为中期的人均耕地面积阈值);2050年人均耕地面积不应小于0.046hm₂、0.052hm₂、0.058hm₂(可以作为远期的人均耕地面积阈值)。     

World Stress Map of the Earth: a key to tectonic processes and technological applications

Modern civilisation explores and penetrates the interior of the Earth's crust, recovers from it and stores into it solids, fluids and gases to a hitherto unprecedented degree. Management of underground structures such as boreholes or reservoirs take into account the existing stress either to take advantage of it or at least to minimise the effects of man-made stress. This paper presents the World Map of Tectonic Stresses (in short: World Stress Map or WSM) as a fundamental geophysical data-base. The impact of the WSM is pointed out: in the context of global tectonics, in seismic hazard quantification and in a wide range of technological problems in industrial applications such as oil reservoir management and stability of underground openings (tunnels, boreholes and waste disposal sites).     

隐身涂层海洋环境适应性问题剖析

通过对红外隐身涂层、雷达吸波隐身涂层在海洋环境下出现的外观腐蚀、附着力下降、隐身性能变化等环境适应性问题的剖析,为设计、研制部门降低环境作用影响提供依据,并进一步强调环境适应性是武器装备的一个重要质量特性。     

西藏公路建设工程土壤侵蚀预测研究

西藏地区公路建设过程中的水土保持一直以来是必须面对的机遇与挑战。文章以国道318线通麦段公路改建项目为例,对工程施工造成的土壤侵蚀类型和强度进行了预测分析。根据实地调查,项目区可划分为主线防治区、病害整治防治区、施工场地、取料场、弃渣场5个区域,文章分别对其扰动地表而可能产生的水土流失量进行了预测。结果显示预测期内工程水土流失总量约10 990 t,其中弃渣场、路基边坡流失量较大,应属于水土流失的重点防治区。     

地面雷达设计定型环境鉴定试验分析

设计定型环境鉴定试验是地面雷达设计定型的主要依据,文中对地面雷达设计定型环境鉴定试验的实施全过程进行了总结,阐述了设计定型环境鉴定试验大纲对编制、试验过程的监督管理以及定型试验报告对编写等阶段的总结等工作内容,同时针对目前地面雷达设计定型环境鉴定试验中存在的问题,进行了分析并归零整改。     

Facilitating landform migration by removing shore protection structures: Opportunities and constraints

Recent studies have identified the need to adapt to climate change by allowing landforms and habitats to migrate landward, although implementation of actual adaptation responses is limited. Removing the barriers that shore protection structures create between coastal and upland habitats can reestablish exchanges of sediment and the ecological functions of the natural ecotone. The potential for removing these structures was evaluated in 12 national parks managed by the U.S. National Park Service. Criteria for removal included condition of structures, influence of natural processes, environmental benefits, public safety, and visitor access and use.We found that 145 structures out of a total of 407 could be removed or allowed to deteriorate. We highlight three adaptation projects that are currently being conducted, two of which involve removing structures. Reasons for not taking a more pro-active approach to removing protection structures include (1) conflicting policy directives; (2) presence of key access roads and critical archaeological and historic sites; (3) lack of data; (4) lack of funds and human resources; (5) reluctance to replace known problems with an unknown set of problems; (6) consideration of visitor desires; and (7) reluctance to allow erosion to occur. Demonstration projects are needed to provide information about adaptation strategies that promote enhancement of ecosystem functions. Projects to remove protection structures are likely to be viewed as successful only if results are specified as a positive product, and the distinction between the concept of loss (erosion of existing landforms and habitats) and the concept of gain (evolution of new landforms and habitats) is made clear.     

基于典型地域的地面雷达实验室环境试验设计

总结了东南沿海和东北地区2个典型地域的环境条件特点及其典型环境因素对地面雷达装备不同程度的影响.分析了地面雷达装备的寿命期特性及执行任务的情况,确定了其任务剖面和寿命期的环境剖面,利用试验剪裁的方法,设计制定出了分别适应2个典型地域环境条件的地面雷达装备发射模块的实验室环境试验剖面,包括试验项目、试验参数和测试方法等.     

A novel concept of Fe-mineral-based magnetoreception: histological and physicochemical data from the upper beak of homing pigeons

Animals make use of the Earth’s magnetic field for navigation and regulation of vegetative functions; however, the anatomical and physiological basis for the magnetic sense has not been elucidated yet. Our recent results from histology and X-ray analyses support the hypothesis that delicate iron-containing structures in the skin of the upper beak of homing pigeons might serve as a biological magnetometer. Histology has revealed various iron sites within dendrites of the trigeminal nerve, their arrangement along strands of axons, the existence of three dendritic fields in each side of the beak with specific 3D-orientations, and the bilateral symmetry of the whole system. Element mapping by micro-synchrotron X-ray fluorescence analysis has shown the distribution of iron and its quantities. Micro-synchrotron X-ray absorption near-edge-structure spectroscopy has allowed us to unambiguously identify maghemite as the predominating iron mineral (90 vs 10% magnetite). In this paper, we show that iron-based magnetoreception needs the presence of both of these iron minerals, their specific dimensions, shapes, and arrangements in three different subcellular compartments. We suggest that an inherent magnetic enhancement process via an iron-crusted vesicle and the attached chains of iron platelets might be sufficient to account for the sensitivity and specificity required by such a magnetoreceptor. The appropriate alignment between the Earth’s magnetic field and the maghemite bands would induce a multiple attraction of the magnetite bullets perpendicular to the membrane, thus, triggering strain-sensitive membrane channels and a primary receptor potential. Due to its 3D architecture and physicochemical nature, the dendritic system should be able to separately sense the three vector components of the Earth’s local field, simultaneously—allowing birds to detect their geographic position by the magnetic vector, i.e., amplitude and direction of the local magnetic field, irrespective of the animal’s posture or movement and photoreception.     

基于中巴地球资源1号卫星的太湖表层水体水质遥感

利用CBERS 1的CCD数据和准同步地面监测数据,结合水体组分的光谱特征,建立了太湖表层水体叶绿素a和总氮的遥感信息模型.将模型用于2000 09 16太湖表层水体,所得结果较客观地反映了叶绿素a和总氮的分布趋势,表明利用CBERS 1的CCD数据进行湖泊表层水体水质指标监测具有重要的现实意义和应用前景.由于地面监测站位有限,模型在浅水草型湖泊———东太湖的适用性受到一定限制,说明同步性好、覆盖广的地面监测对于水质遥感信息模型的准确性和适用性至关重要.     

2003-2007年广州市生态足迹动态研究

生态足迹是近年发展的用于定量研究和判断一个国家或地区可持续发展状况的新方法。本文在简要介绍生态足迹的概念与计算模型基础上,定量研究了广州市2003年-2007年五年间的生态足迹和生态承载力变化规律和特征,并分析其原因。结果表明：五年间广州市人均生态足迹分别为2003年1.701 6 ha,2004年1.930 9 ha,2005年2.039 3 ha,2006年2.095 8 ha,2007年2.247 1 ha;人均生态承载力依次为2003年0.263 2ha,2004年0.259 1 ha,2005年0.253 9 ha,2006年0.238 7 ha,2007年0.216 2 ha;生态赤字呈逐年增加的趋势,从2003年的1.438 4 ha上升到2007年的2.030 9 ha,根据计算得到的广州市生态赤字的现状值,分析了生态赤字的成因,为广州市可持续发展提供生态承载力的参考指标。     

Spot遥感影像照片在森林资源二类调查上的应用

为了提高森林资源二类调查质量,提高工作效率,辽宁省森林资源二类调查改变以往的地形图调绘、实测等传统调绘方法,利用法国Spot5遥感影像照片作为外业调绘的图面资料,结合现地调查,取得较好效果。Spot5遥感影像经PCI软件处理后具有明显特征,根据遥感影像中各地类的色调、形状、阴影、纹理、位置、大小等特征直接沿影像特征的边缘准确勾划出地类界线,即可完成森林资源二类调查野外调绘工作。大大降低了野外调绘人员的劳动强度,省时、省工、省钱。     

渤海越冬场渔业生物资源量和群落结构的动态特征

根据1983、1993和1999年冬季在渤海越冬场拖网试捕采集的渔获量资料,分析研究了渤海渔业生物地方种群的种类组成、生物量指数和优势种群的年间变化。资源量呈逐年大幅度减少之势,平均网获量分别为115kg/h、35kg/h和07kg/h,平均网获尾数则为669尾/h、145尾/h和37尾/h;群落结构和优势种发生了明显的变化,1983～1993年的优势种群梅童和孔鳐等经济底层鱼类为安氏新银鱼所替代。捕捞过度是经济种群资源量剧减的主要原因,强化渔政管理,开展经济种群的种苗放流是保护、恢复和增殖渔业资源的主要措施和途径。     

广州市环境空气监测与预警体系在亚运会中的应用

本文以2010年广州亚运会空气质量监测保障为例,从广州市环境空气质量监测网络、空气质量预报、预警体系和环境质量会商及信息发布管理机制等方面,介绍了广州市环境空气监测与预警体系。通过2010年广州亚运会空气质量保障监测实践,证明广州市环境空气监测与预警体系是适应广州环境保护工作发展,并能满足特殊环境空气质量保障目标需求,具有示范作用和可供全国中心城市借鉴的先进的环境空气质量监测与预警体系。     

The Nasca and Palpa geoglyphs: geophysical and geochemical data

The Nasca geoglyphs in the stone desert in southern Peru are part of our world cultural heritage. These remarkable drawings have roused the interest of scientists from different disciplines. Here we report the results of integrated geophysical, petrophysical, mineralogical, and geochemical investigations of the geoglyphs at six test sites in the stone desert around Nasca and Palpa. The geomagnetic measurements revealed clear indications of subsurface structures that differ from the visible surface geoglyphs. The high-resolution geoelectrical images show unexpected resistivity anomalies underneath the geoglyphs down to a depth of about 2 m. Remarkable structures were revealed in both vertical and lateral directions. No evidence was found of geochemical or mineralogical alterations of the natural geogenic materials (desert pavement environment versus geoglyphs). Neither salts nor other mineral materials were used by the Nasca people to alter or prepare the surfaces of geoglyphs. This supports the hypothesis that the Nasca people simply removed stone material down to the natural hard pan horizon to create the geoglyphs.