石油降解菌XD-1产表面活性剂的性能

从含油废水中筛选分离到1株原油降解菌XD-1,鉴定为假单胞菌（Pseuomonas sp.）.初步实验表明菌XD-1具有较强的产表面活性剂乳化原油的作用,对该菌的产表面活性剂性能进行了研究.实验证明,菌XD-1所产表面活性剂为脂肽类物质,菌在生长对数期产表面活性剂,表面活性剂的产生为生长相关型;充足的碳源是产表面活性剂的必需条件,菌利用原油为碳源时能持续大量地产表面活性剂;原油和尿素为产表面活性剂的最适碳源和氮源,菌XD-1产表面活性剂的最佳营养培养基组成为葡萄糖10 g,尿素4 g,磷酸二氢钾1 g,微量元素液4 mL,水1 L,pH 8.0.     

石油降解菌产表面活性剂的条件优化

为了了解陕北石油降解菌产表面活性剂的情况,对实验菌株CT-6以原油为唯一碳源时产表面活性剂的排油活性、表面张力和乳化性能进行了研究,并对实验菌株产表面活性剂的条件进行了优化.结果表明,排油圈直径达到8.0cm,表面张力降低到33 mN/m,乳化指数达89.9％,石油降解率达到68.0％;优化后的条件为:接种量10％、pH为8、温度28℃、转速220 r/min,该条件下,排油圈直径增加了13.1％,7d时乳化指数达到93.0％.     

产表面活性剂菌筛选及其对柴油降解影响研究

运用微生物培养方法,从饭店排污口污泥中筛选了7株产表面活性剂菌株。为了研究产表面活性剂菌在柴油降解过程中所产生的影响,分别将这些菌株与柴油降解菌(实验室提取的另一株假单胞菌)共同作用,其中一株(B_(26))不但可以将降解诱导期从6 d缩短至4 d,而且能将降解率由原来的71.1%提高至80.6%,具有较大的研究价值。实验着重对B_(26)的作用机理、柴油降解的影响因素等进行了分析研究。经形态学和生理生化实验鉴定,B_(26)属于芽孢菌属,其代谢过程中产生脂肽类表面活性剂,利用冷冻干燥法提取生物表面活性剂产量为1.57 g/L。     

3种石油烃降解菌对石油烃的降解效果及其细胞表面疏水性

选取3种石油烃降解菌:假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.,DS-1)、铜绿色假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,DS-2)和无色杆菌(Achromobacter sp.,DS-3),研究其对石油烃的降解效果及其细胞表面疏水性。结果表明,经过6d的降解,3种石油烃降解菌对石油烃的降解率分别为99.08%、79.75%、84.34%。石油烃的黏附性测试和盐析聚集测试结果表明,3种石油烃降解菌均表现出较高的细胞表面疏水性,其规律为DS-1DS-3DS-2。其中DS-1的细胞表面疏水性最高,达65.90%。DS-1、DS-2和DS-3菌株发生盐析聚集所需最小(NH4)2SO4摩尔浓度分别为2.0、2.8、2.4 mol/L。菌株的细胞表面疏水性和降解有机物的能力有着较高的相关性。     

石油降解菌的筛选及降解性能研究

从石油污染的土壤中分离驯化,得到特征明显的石油降解菌,研究了不同时间、石油浓度、接种量、pH值、基质及添加物等条件对降解菌降解石油的影响。结果表明：在实验条件下,降解菌接种量越多,降解效果越好;石油降解效率随着石油浓度的增加而降低;当初始pH值为7时,降解菌去除石油效果最佳;添加适量蔗糖或葡萄糖,对石油的降解有促进作用;吐温80对石油降解有一定的抑制作用。     

一株产表面活性剂石油降解菌筛选及其特性

为了从含有原油的样品中筛选出降解性能良好的产生表面活性剂菌株。利用富集、驯化培养、不同配方培养基筛选和排油活性测定,筛选出产高效生物表面活性剂的菌株。在形态特征和生理生化鉴定的基础上,对其16S rDNA 序列进行了分析,并分别采用称重法和薄层层析法（TLC）测定其原油降解率和鉴别其表面活性剂的类型。进一步考察了不同种类的碳源和氮源、不同梯度的温度、盐度、酸碱度对其生长和排油活性的影响。筛选出一株高效脂肽类生物表面活性剂的菌株A-08,对其进行形态学、生理生化特性及16S rDNA 序列同源分析,此菌株为荧光假单胞菌（Pseudomonas fluorescens）。A-08最适条件为碳源是食用油和液体石蜡,氮源为（NH4）2SO4,温度40 ℃,盐度20%,pH 7.0,培养7 d后原油降解率为40.37%。实验筛选的菌株能适应较广泛的环境条件,可以对石油污染进行有效生物修复,具有较好的意义和应用价值。     

响应面法优化石油降解菌性能的研究

从延长油田石油污染土壤中筛选出4株能以原油为唯一碳源生长的细菌单菌株,鉴定其优势菌株YC-2为枯草芽孢杆菌;利用响应面法进行实验设计,选定培养温度、pH值、氮磷比以及盐度为影响因素,对原油含量为0.5%的培养基进行YC-2菌株降解工艺优化,得到了原油降解率与4种因素之间的非线性回归方程,确定了降解原油的最优工艺条件:培养温度28℃;pH值6.5,氮磷比5.2:1,盐度0.45%。在最优条件下,预测降解率为53.9%,实验验证值为52.5%,结果显示,建立的模型具有较高的精度。     

电催化降解废水中阴离子表面活性剂的研究

本文以十二烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基磺酸钠为研究对象,在最佳的物理化学条件下,利用紫外光谱、红外光谱和气相色谱-质谱联用等仪器分析和化学分析的方法研究了电催化降解新技术去除废水中阴离子表面活性剂的机理.实验结果表明.在羟基自由基(@OH)的氧化分解作用下,十二烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基碘酸钠先降解为丁烷,最终均矿化为CO2、H2O和SO42-.     

Biodegradation of triazine herbicide metribuzin by the strain Bacillus sp. N1

By enrichment culturing of soil contaminated with metribuzin, a highly efficient metribuzin degrading bacterium, Bacillus sp. N1, was isolated. This strain grows using metribuzin at 5.0% (v/v) as the sole nitrogen source in a liquid medium. Optimal metribuzin degradation occurred at a temperature of 30ºC and at pH 7.0. With an initial concentration of 20 mg L^?1, the degradation rate was 73.5% in 120 h. If the initial concentrations were higher than 50 mg L^?1, the biodegradation rates decreased as the metribuzin concentrations increased. When the concentration was 100 mg L^?1, the degradation rate was only 45%. Degradation followed the pesticide degradation kinetic equation at initial concentrations between 5 mg L^?1 and 50 mg L^?1. When the metribuzin contaminated soil was mixed with strain N1 (with the concentration of metribuzin being 20 mg L^?1 and the inoculation rate of 10¹¹ g^?1 dry soil), the degradation rate of the metribuzin was 66.4% in 30 days, while the degradation rate of metribuzin was only 19.4% in the control soil without the strain N1. These results indicate that the strain N1 can significantly increase the degradation rate of metribuzin in contaminated soil.     

嗜盐杆菌HSQAY1对中肋骨条藻的溶藻物质特性

研究嗜盐杆菌菌株(Halobacillus sp.HSQAY1)发酵液在不同pH、温度和反复冻融条件下对中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)溶藻活性的环境稳定性;并采用乙醇沉淀、硫酸铵沉淀、超滤和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)等方法对溶藻物质的理化特性进行了初步探讨和分析。结果表明,该菌株产生的溶藻物质在强酸性条件下(pH=3)丧失活性,pH 5~11时的溶藻率在83.4%~98.4%之间;30~110℃时溶藻率在71.7%~94.5%之间,表现出一定的酸碱稳定性和热稳定性,且不受反复冻融(-20℃)影响。溶藻活性物质具有被乙醇和硫酸铵沉淀的特性,其活性组分是多种分子质量 > 10 kDa的蛋白类物质,溶藻活性蛋白粗提物的SDS-PAGE电泳显示,在15~50 kDa间有3条明显的特异蛋白条带。     

Isolation and characterization of an Alcaligenes sp. strain DG-5 capable of degrading DDTs under aerobic conditions

In this study, an Alcaligenes sp. strain DG-5 that can effectively degrade dichlorodiphenyltrichloro-ethanes (DDTs) under aerobic conditions was isolated from DDTs-contaminated sediment. Various factors that affect the biodegradation of DDTs by DG-5 were investigated. About 88 %, 65 % and 45 % of the total DDTs were consumed within 120 h when their initial concentrations were 0.5, 5 and 15 mg L^?1, respectively. However, almost no degradation was observed when their concentration was increased to 30 mg L^?1, but the addition of nutrients significantly improved the degradation, and 66 % and 90 % of the total DDTs were degraded at 336 h in the presence of 5 g L^?1 peptone and yeast extract, respectively. Moreover, the addition of 20 mM formate also enhanced the ability of DG-5 to transform DDTs, and its DDT transformation capacity (T_c) value was increased by 1.8 - 2.7 fold for the pure (p,p’-DDT or o,p’-DDT only) and mixed systems (p,p’-DDT, o,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDD and p,p’-DDE). Furthermore, it was found that competitive inhibition in the biodegradation by DDT compounds occurred in the mixed system.     

三乙胺降解菌SYA-1的分离、降解性能与动力学

从农药废水处理池的活性污泥中分离筛选得到1株高效三乙胺降解菌株SYA-1,根据菌株SYA-1的形态特征、生理生化特性和16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析,此菌株鉴定为Achromobacter sp.。菌株SYA-1能以三乙胺为惟一碳、氮源生长,并在24 h内完全降解200 mg/L的三乙胺。环境因素影响实验表明,在温度30℃,初始pH 7.0,NaCl浓度≤10 g/L条件下,菌株SYA-1生长良好且对三乙胺的降解效率最佳;金属离子对菌株生长和三乙胺降解的抑制程度表现为:Cu2+Co2+Ag+Cd2+Fe3+Pb2+。菌株SYA-1降解三乙胺的动力学过程可用Haldane模型模拟,其参数为μmax=0.123h-1;K s=82 mg/L;K i=215 mg/L。为含三乙胺废水的生物降解提供了理论依据和菌株资源。     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及其絮凝特性

采用常规的微生物学方法,从垃圾渗滤液中筛选到一株高效微生物絮凝剂产生菌LB1,根据其形态学和生理生化特征初步鉴定该菌株属于假单胞菌属,命名为Pseudonomas sp. LB1。LB1所产微生物絮凝剂的絮凝特性的研究结果表明,LB1的最佳产絮凝时间为96 h,所产絮凝活性物质主要是其生长过程中的胞外分泌物和细胞生长后期的次级代谢产物,菌体细胞本身具有一定的助凝作用。LB1所产絮凝剂最佳加样量为3％（体积分数V/V）;对pH的适应范围较宽,在4～10之间具有较高的絮凝活性,均大于75％;温度为25℃时絮凝率为86.3％,在25～60℃之间,絮凝率基本保持稳定;LB1所产絮凝剂对几种废水具有较好的絮凝效果。     

Degradation of chlorpyrifos by an endophytic bacterium of the Sphingomonas genus (strain HJY) isolated from Chinese chives (Allium tuberosum)

The degradation of chlorpyrifos (CP) by an endophytic bacterial strain (HJY) isolated from Chinese chives (Allium tuberosum Rottl. ex Spreng) was investigated. Strain HJY was identified as Sphingomonas sp. based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests and a 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Approximately 96% of 20 mg L^?1 CP was degraded by strain HJY over 15 days in liquid minimal salts medium (MSM). The CP degradation rate could also be increased by glucose supplementation. The optimal conditions for the removal of 20 mg L^?1 CP by strain HJY in MSM were 2% inoculum density, pH 6.0, and 30–35°C. The CP degradation rate constant and half-life were 0.2136 ± 0.0063 d^?1 and 3.2451 ± 0.0975 d, respectively, under these conditions, but were raised to 0.7961 ± 0.1925 d^?1 and 0.8707 ± 0.3079 d with 1% glucose supplementation. The detection of metabolic products and screening for degrading genes indicated that O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloropyridinol was the major degradation product from CP, while it was likely that some functional genes were undetected and the mechanism responsible for CP degradation by strain HJY remained unknown. Strain HJY is potentially useful for the reduction of CP residues in Chinese chives and may be used for the in situ phytoremediation of CP.     

一株假单胞菌(Pseudomonas) SYBS01降解石油的特性

从石油污染土壤中筛选得到一株石油降解菌SYBS01,鉴定为假单胞菌（Pseudomonas sp.）。通过单因素实验和正交实验进行石油降解条件优化,结果为35℃、170 r·min-1,酵母浸粉15 g·L-1,KH2PO4 0.5 g·L-1,自然pH值。其中氮源为酵母浸粉时对菌SYBS01降解石油的影响最大。添加酵母浸粉后,4 d石油降解率达到85.6%,分别为（NH4）2SO4、NH4NO3和尿素的6.7、7.8、2.6倍。进一步分析发现酵母浸粉作为氮源的同时也起到外加营养的作用。在最佳条件下,0.5~5 g·L-1的石油的降解均符合一级动力学模型,且石油浓度为3 g·L-1和4 g·L-1的石油降解半衰期仅为26 h。