艾比湖流域生态环境分区治理研究

针对艾比湖所处的特殊地理位置及周边环境状况，对艾比湖流域生态退化问题提出了分区治理措施。将流域分成4大区8个小区，根据不同区域在艾比湖生态链中的作用和各区域的特点，提出相应的禁牧、砾石覆盖、防风林等保护和治理措施。可为艾比湖生态环境恢复提供参考。     

艾比湖流域生态环境综合治理措施研究

分析艾比湖流域生态环境存在的问题，从生态功能区建设、流域污染综合治理、环境监控体系建设及环境保护宣传教育4个方面提出艾比湖流域综合治理的对策以遏制艾比湖流域生态环境恶化趋势，使区域经济和生态环境走可持续发展道路。     

在《中国21世纪议程》框架下构筑艾比湖生态系统大厦（MAB）

在《中国２１世纪议程》指导下，结合中国生态系统研究网络（ＣＥＲＮ）的布署，讨论构筑艾比湖生态系统大厦──艾比湖ＭＡＢ（人工生物圈）的可行性。以２１世纪议程为主导思想，努力并入ＣＥＲＮ，构筑艾比湖ＭＡＢ可行性等三个方面进行了讨论。     

艾比湖生态环境治理措施

新疆准噶尔盆地艾比湖流域属典型的风沙地貌聚集区,近50年来由于湖域面积不断减少,植被逐渐衰亡,在阿拉山口大风的作用下,艾比湖流域已经成为新疆沙尘暴的策源地之一,综合治理刻不容缓。流域水量逐年减少、植被大面积衰亡和阿拉山口的大风是导致艾比湖流域环境恶化的主要原因。利用风力布水,辅以植物纤维网覆盖为核心的生物综合治理方案,其可行性分析表明:该方法对逐步恢复艾比湖流域的生态有较好的应用价值,同时该技术还可以推广至湿地恢复和沙漠化治理当中。     

博尔塔拉河,精河流域规划实施后艾比湖湖面变化预测

博尔塔拉河、精河流域规划实施后艾比湖湖面变化预测苏颖君（博尔塔拉蒙古自治州水利水电勘测设计院博乐８４１０００）艾比湖位于新疆维吾尔自治区的准噶尔盆地西部，北临著名的阿拉山口，酉、南分别是博尔塔拉蒙古自治州的博乐市与精河县，东面与塔城地区的乌苏县为邻，...     

艾比湖沿岸荒漠生态农业考察

为完成国家教委《中国ＳＴＳ教育》课题的子课题之一《荒漠生态农业沿革考察》，作者自１９９１年来长期深入艾比湖沿岸，就艾比湖及其沿岸的自然地理环境、生态系统的变迁、沿岸生态农业十大工程等进行了考察和研究。     

基于遥感技术的艾比湖储水量和需水量研究

艾比湖湖水很浅,湖底平坦,沉积着巨厚的细沙和淤泥。依据自身特征及其他因素,针对艾比湖水量的收支情况,建立艾比湖的储水量和需水量的数学模型。其中艾比湖湖面面积数据是重要参数之一,利用遥感技术,采用资源卫星影像,结合Modis数据,解译提取获得。通过艾比湖储水量和需水量数据可以进一步预测艾比湖湖面面积的变化趋势,对本地区的生态及农业生产具有指征意义,为决策层制定防治对策提供科学依据。     

基于遥感技术的土地利用/土地覆盖现状信息提取研究——以艾比湖湿地保护区为例

艾比湖地区是中国沙尘暴的起源地之一,而且对该区域的生态环境变化具有指征作用。利用中巴资源卫星影像,结合Modis数据,采用遥感数据分类与实地验证相结合的方法。利用植被指数模型,建立解译标志,采用无监和有监相结合的分类方法,提取了艾比湖湿地保护区LUCC的现状信息,为进一步研究提供了基础性数据。     

艾比湖拨动我们的心弦

曾经浩森鲜活的罗布泊湖干涸死寂了,或者说从这个星球上消失了。它的死亡便是周遭的林木砍伐净光,植被破坏殆尽。绿色的消亡决定了它的悲怆命运。现如今,艾比湖也在日渐沉重地呻吟、挣扎,它能成为第二个罗布泊吗？今年４月２８日,新疆博乐塔拉蒙古自治州环保局公布一...     

艾比湖流域典型植物生长的水文地质条件研究

在野外实际调查资料基础上,总结了艾比湖流域典型植物胡杨、梭梭、红柳赋存的地貌位置、当前主要存在问题、适生地下水位埋深、包气带岩性与结构等水文地质条件,为流域的综合治理提供依据。     

艾比湖湿地生态效应能值评价

湿地是地球上具有多功能的独特生态系统,是自然界最富生物多样性的生态景观和人类最重要的生存环境之一。内陆干旱区的湿地则因其所处地理环境的特殊性更具有巨大保护价值。艾比湖湿地在我国内陆荒漠自然生态系统中具有一定典型性。其生态系统极不稳定,具有很强的敏感性和脆弱性。人类社会经济的迅猛发展,引起一系列以土地荒漠化为代表的生态逆向演替,严重的水土流失和锐减的生物多样性使其不可更新资源的能值投入远远超过其可更新资源,同时,肆虐的盐尘严重危害着天山北坡经济带甚至更远地区工、农、牧业生产和人们的生活环境。从能值角度评价环境的贡献,注重其生态效应,以期引起人们警醒,加强湿地资源的保护和管理,维护其可持续发展。     

西气东输工程靖边至宁陕界沙地生态环境保护对策

靖边至宁陕界的西气东输工程段属于毛乌素沙地南缘与陕北黄土高原北缘的过渡地带,项目区生态环境状况不稳定。一旦沙地植被遭到破坏,风吹蚀与沙搬运的荒漠化过程就会迅速发生,从而形成流沙使生态系统退化或破坏。在详细介绍了沙地特征和生态环境特点的基础上,提出了相应的荒漠化防治和治理措施,以将项目区的生态尽可能恢复成原状或将其不良影响降到最低。     

西部大开发中的新疆生态环境建设

新疆地处祖国西北边陲，其国土面积、资源储备和战略地位都在西部开发中居于重要地位。长期以来，由于人们对自然资源的不合理利用，加之经济发展滞后，使得该地区的生态环境遭到严重破坏，土地沙漠化、水土流失、森林、草场严重退化。正确认识和评价新疆的生态环境现状及其承载力，制定遏制生态环境恶化的有效方法，促进生态系统的良性循环，实现人与自然的和谐统一，是西部大开发中实现新疆经济、社会可持续发展的基础。     

Socio-economic dynamics, local development and desertification in western Lesvos, Greece

The basic aim of this article is to briefly explore the links between socio-economic dynamics and desertification in western Lesvos, Greece. The area is characterised by certain socio-economic and development disadvantages, dependence on few productive sectors (mainly on livestock breeding) and by severe problems of land degradation and desertification. The linkages between socio-economic profile, characteristics and development trajectory with the state of environment in the area are identified through a series of in-depth qualitative interviews with local producers (livestock breeders). Research findings reveal the major socio-economic driving forces towards unsustainable productive practices, which contribute to the persistence of the problems of land degradation and desertification.     

Book reviews

Abstract

The basic aim of this article is to briefly explore the links between socio-economic dynamics and desertification in western Lesvos, Greece. The area is characterised by certain socio-economic and development disadvantages, dependence on few productive sectors (mainly on livestock breeding) and by severe problems of land degradation and desertification. The linkages between socio-economic profile, characteristics and development trajectory with the state of environment in the area are identified through a series of in-depth qualitative interviews with local producers (livestock breeders). Research findings reveal the major socio-economic driving forces towards unsustainable productive practices, which contribute to the persistence of the problems of land degradation and desertification.     

Building resilience to drought in desertification-prone savannas in Sub-Saharan Africa: The water perspective

Securing sustainable livelihood conditions and reducing the risk of outmigration in savanna ecosystems hosted in the tropical semiarid regions is of fundamental importance for the future of humanity in general. Although precipitation in tropical drylands, or savannas, is generally more significant than one might expect, these regions are subject to considerable rainfall variability which causes frequent periods of water deficiency. This paper addresses the twin problems of “drought and desertification” from a water perspective, focusing on the soil moisture (green water) and plant water uptake deficiencies. It makes a clear distinction between long‐term climate change, meteorological drought, and agricultural droughts and dry spells caused by rainfall variability and land degradation. It then formulates recommendations to better cope with and to build resilience to droughts and dry spells. Coping with desertification requires a new conceptual framework based on green‐blue water resources to identify hydrological opportunities in a sea of constraints. This paper proposes an integrated land/water approach to desertification where ecosystem management supports agricultural development to build social‐ecological resilience to droughts and dry spells. This approach is based on the premise that to combat desertification, focus should shift from reducing trends of land degradation in agricultural systems to water resource management in savannas and to landscape‐wide ecosystem management.     

秦皇岛市海港区土地生态环境保护和整治

当前土地生态环境安全是土地资源可持续利用的基础。近年,由于经济快速发展以及土地的不合理利用与高强度开发,秦皇岛市海港区局部出现了水土流失、土地质量退化、土地污染等土地生态环境问题,导致土地生态平衡的失调,甚至出现经济发展与土地生态环境破坏的恶性循环。通过分析海港区的土地利用现状、自然生态特征等,在充分认识土地生态环境现状及存在的问题的基础上,提出采取管护与保育并重,以生态经济和生态环境建设为重点等土地生态环境保护与整治措施。     

A relict habitat became an isolated habitat in the Luoshan Nature Reserve from 1977 to 2017: Natural or man‐made disaster?

Understanding the ecological trends of the relict habitats in the Luoshan Nature Reserve (LNR) has an important role in the persistence of endangered species and the socio‐economic sustainability in the Ningxia section of the arid desertification belt in North China. Based on data from the Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS)/Thematic Mapper (TM)/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)/Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensors (from 1977 to 2017), the MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and net primary productivity (NPP) (from 2000 to 2017), the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM), annual average air temperature and precipitation (from 1977 to 2017), typical anthropogenic factors (population size, cultivated land and residential area) and natural ecological elements (MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI/MODIS NDVI and NPP) were quantitatively contrasted and analyzed for potential correlations. Some indicators of human activities, ecological processes and landscape geography have changed in the LNR. The proportion of residential area increased 3.09‐fold from 1977 to 2017. The population increased 34.30‐fold due to ecological immigration policy implementation in the Hongsipu immigration district. Before immigration, cultivated land increased, but after immigration, this land decreased quickly. Most of the dry‐cultivated land was converted through afforestation and a small part of the land was converted to irrigate cultivation land. We conclude that natural evolution led to the ecological relics, the isolated management to the LNR has objectively created an ecological island that will accelerate inbreeding depression and reduce biodiversity.     

西北干旱区生态环境特征及开发利用建议

中国西北干旱区是我国进行西部大开发的重要区域之一,占据全国1／4的面积,资源相对丰富,是我国经济发展的后劲所在。然而,西北干旱区气候干旱、生态环境脆弱,人地关系较为复杂,矛盾突出,许多生态环境问题不得不给予足够的重视。本文从生态环境赖以形成的地质历史出发,分析了西北干旱区生态环境的特点及现存的若干问题,并提出了相应的建议。