催化铁与生物法耦合除磷工艺特性

为了研究催化铁与生物耦合后对生物除磷特性的影响,实验采用人工配水用厌氧／好氧间歇流式富集培养聚磷微生物。对比发现,催化铁与生物耦合组中厌氧末段ORP降低了约60mV,pH值小幅度的上升（≤0．3）,整个培养过程中铁离子的浓度开始快速增加,之后趋于稳定（约40mgFe／gMLSS）。对好氧末段污泥SVI值比较发现,耦合工艺污泥沉降性能得到改善。除磷曲线比较发现,耦合组中厌氧末段磷的释放量下降,而好氧阶段磷的吸收速率增加;胞内聚合物提取表明,耦合组厌氧末段聚磷菌细胞内PHA含量有提高,好氧末段糖原含量有下降。磷形态提取分析表明,耦合组好氧末段污泥中无机态PO3 4-- P含量更高。低浓度铁离子可以起到与生物耦合同步除磷的目的,本工艺长期运行未发现耦合体系中催化铁对除磷的抑制作用。     

催化铁与生物法耦合除磷工艺特性简

为了研究催化铁与生物耦合后对生物除磷特性的影响,实验采用人工配水用厌氧/好氧间歇流式富集培养聚磷微生物。对比发现,催化铁与生物耦合组中厌氧末段ORP降低了约60 mV,pH值小幅度的上升（≤0.3）,整个培养过程中铁离子的浓度开始快速增加,之后趋于稳定（约40 mg Fe/g MLSS）。对好氧末段污泥SVI值比较发现,耦合工艺污泥沉降性能得到改善。除磷曲线比较发现,耦合组中厌氧末段磷的释放量下降,而好氧阶段磷的吸收速率增加;胞内聚合物提取表明,耦合组厌氧末段聚磷菌细胞内PHA含量有提高,好氧末段糖原含量有下降。磷形态提取分析表明,耦合组好氧末段污泥中无机态PO^3-₄-P含量更高。低浓度铁离子可以起到与生物耦合同步除磷的目的,本工艺长期运行未发现耦合体系中催化铁对除磷的抑制作用。     

铁盐化学除磷对活性污泥生物除磷系统的影响

在小型处理系统中生物除磷同步化学除磷简便易行,但加入的除磷剂本身和形成的化学沉淀物的积累可能会对生物系统造成影响。采用序批式生物反应器,对铁盐的2种投加剂量下对活性污泥系统的影响进行了研究。结果表明,向SBR系统中连续投加15 mg·L-1三氯化铁,表观上系统总体的除磷效率较未投加前有一定幅度的提高,活性污泥的沉降性能得到改善,但这削弱了系统的内在生物除磷效力。随着化学除磷的进行,系统污泥胞内PHA含量减少、糖原含量增加;污泥中PAOs相对数量下降而GAOs的相对数量显著增加,优势菌发生演替。结束投加后,污泥的活性可以缓慢恢复。说明该浓度下长时间连续进行同步化学与生物除磷,会对系统造成一定的损害,但这种损害在停止化学除磷后具有一定的可恢复性。而连续投加3 mg·L-1三氯化铁的SBR系统总体除磷效率较未投加前有所提高,且没有对生物除磷系统产生明显抑制作用,能够较好实现化学除磷和生物除磷的协同。     

温度对SBR强化生物除磷工艺除磷性能的影响

以厌氧/好氧交替运行的序批式反应器（SBR）为对象,利用荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）,研究了温度（20、25和30℃）对强化生物除磷（EBPR）的影响。结果表明,温度为20℃时,系统的磷去除率高于98%,厌氧释磷速率和好氧吸磷速率分别为55.70 mg P·（g VSS·h）-1和45.16 mg P·（g VSS·h）-1,聚磷菌（PAOs）占总细菌（EUB）的比例达到90%,而聚糖菌（GAO）的比例只有1%;温度升高到25℃后,除磷效果不断降低,释磷速率和吸磷速率逐渐下降,PAOs的比例下降,而聚糖菌（GAOs）的比例不断增加;温度为30℃时,出水水质恶化,磷去除率仅为67%,释磷速率和吸磷速率分别为33.66 mg P·（g VSS·h）-1和17.55 mg P·（g VSS·h）-1,GAOs的比例高达87%,而PAOs的比例仅为5%,在与PAOs的竞争中,GAOs处于优势,导致除磷效果降低。     

生物脱氮除磷工艺的研究进展

为遏制水体富营养化的恶化，氮，磷的排放标准日趋严格，生脱氮除磷工艺能有效地去除水体中的氮、磷。通过对现有的生物脱氮除磷传统工艺和新近发展工艺的介绍和分析，指出经济、高效、低能耗是其发展的方向，同时认为今后应加强对生物脱氮除磷机理更深入的研究，大力开发技术成熟，高效经济又符合我国国情的新工艺。     

侧流化学除磷对AO连续流生物除磷系统的影响

为解决城市污水高效除磷和磷回收的问题,开发厌氧释磷上清液侧流除磷工艺(anaerobic supernatant phosphate strip process,简称ASPS工艺),在侧流比为33%下运行,发现该工艺对生物除磷系统的影响主要表现在以下几个方面:(1)系统磷和有机物的去除性能不受影响,出水可溶性磷和COD浓度分别为(0.53±0.12)mg/L、(42.00±5.69)mg/L;(2)活性污泥分布松散并与大量丝状菌结合成难沉降的絮状结构,沉降性能变差,粒径变小;(3)从系统内微生物能量代谢角度分析知,胞内PHA和糖原含量水平无明显变化;但胞内聚磷颗粒含量减少,厌氧释磷受阻,侧流厌氧释磷浓度从22.17 mg/L下降至5.20 mg/L,最终导致侧流部分失去高浓度磷化学沉淀的优势;(4)化学磷回收量占进水磷量比由133.02%下降至31.20%,可实现磷的有效去除和回收利用;(5)对微生物种群变化的影响还有待进一步探究。     

生物脱氮除磷工艺的现状与发展

为遏制水体的富营养化,氮、磷的排放标准日趋严格,生物脱氮除磷工艺能有效地去除水体中的氮、磷.文中介绍了生物脱氮除磷的传统工艺和新发展的工艺,并认为今后应对生物脱氮除磷机理加以深人的研究,并对今后的发展趋势作了展望.     

富磷上清液铁接触除磷工艺及影响因素

设计了一种由铁碳合金和钝态不锈钢作为电化学腐蚀两极系统的铁接触除磷反应器,首次尝试将铁接触除磷技术用于厌氧富磷上清液的处理.通过对模拟富磷上清液除磷效果的测定与分析,详细探讨了铁接触除磷工艺的影响因素,结果表明,曝气方式宜为间歇曝气,且最优曝气/停歇时间为 60 min/30 min;在进水总磷浓度为 30～50 mg/L范围内,随着磷浓度的升高,总磷去除率随之下降;而随着曝气强度、pH值的升高及水力停留时间的延长,总磷去除率随之升高;随着水温的升高,总磷去除率有波动,水温为27℃时,总磷去除率最大.将铁接触除磷工艺运用到侧流除磷方法中,最终可使出水总磷浓度达到国家<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准>(GB18918-2002)中的一级(A)标准.     

生物除磷脱氮工艺参数的控制

传统活性污泥法以去除有机物为主,而A/A/O工艺是在传统方法的基础上加以改进,改进后不仅能去除大量的有机物,还可以有效去除引起水体富营养化的氮和磷.在实际运行中,调控好A/A/O工艺各个参数至最佳运行值,可使处理后的水质达到优于国家的二级排放标准.     

生物脱氮除磷工艺中的丝状菌

在生物脱氮除磷工艺中,污泥膨胀是运行管理的难题。介绍了生物脱氮除磷工艺中丝状菌的种类和数量的变化,数据表明,生物脱氮除磷工艺中的丝状菌主要是微丝菌,其次是0675型和0914型菌。经分析认为,污泥龄的增加会促进丝状菌长度的明显增长并导致污泥膨胀,生物残渣的浓度是造成长泥龄污泥膨胀的原因之一。厌氧阶段有分解生物残渣的功能,可改善菌胶团菌的微环境,从而抑制丝状菌的过剩生长,控制污泥膨胀。     

生物化学协同除磷研究

采用聚合硅酸铝和聚合硅酸铁两种混凝剂，比较了将混凝剂直接投加到反应器中和对生物反应器出水再进行混凝沉淀2种工艺的除磷效果，并对2种混凝剂的除磷效果进行了比较。结果表明：对于聚合硅酸铝，没有生物协同作用；对于聚合硅酸铁，投加量在40mg／L以下时具有生物协同作用，30mg／L时协同作用最明显；而且聚合硅酸铁的除磷效果好于聚合硅酸铝。     

生物化学协同除磷研究

采用聚合硅酸铝和聚合硅酸铁两种混凝剂,比较了将混凝剂直接投加到反应器中和对生物反应器出水再进行混凝沉淀2种工艺的除磷效果,并对2种混凝剂的除磷效果进行了比较.结果表明:对于聚合硅酸铝,没有生物协同作用;对于聚合硅酸铁,投加量在40 mg/L以下时具有生物协同作用,30 mg/L时协同作用最明显;而且聚合硅酸铁的除磷效果好于聚合硅酸铝.     

污水生物除磷若干影响因素分析

在系统阐述污水生物除磷机理的基础上,深入分析了微生物群体平衡、城市污水水质、环境因子以及工艺运行参数和运行方式等方面对生物除磷效果的影响.分析结果表明:生物除磷系统的溶解氧浓度不宜太高,一般好氧区DO＜2 mg/L,厌氧区DO＜0.2 mg/L;厌氧段存在硝酸盐对生物释磷有负面影响,缺氧段存在一定浓度的硝酸盐有利于生物聚磷;碳源必须充分、易降解;TKN/COD＜0.1的城市污水有利于生物除磷;pH偏碱性可提高生物除磷效率;低温对生物除磷效果影响不明显.     

Integrated physicochemical and biological treatment process for fluoride and phosphorus removal from fertilizer plant wastewater

The phosphate fertilizer industry produces highly hazardous and acidic wastewaters. This study was undertaken to develop an integrated approach for the treatment of wastewaters from the phosphate industry. Effluent samples were collected from a local phosphate fertilizer producer and were characterized by their high fluoride and phosphate content. First, the samples were pretreated by precipitation of phosphate and fluoride ions using hydrated lime. The resulting low- fluoride and phosphorus effluent was then treated with the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process to monitor the simultaneous removal of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Phosphorus removal included a two-stage anaerobic/aerobic system operating under continuous flow. Pretreated wastewater was added to the activated sludge and operated for 160 days in the reactor. The operating strategy included increasing the organic loading rate (OLR) from 0.3 to 1.2 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L.d. The stable and high removal rates of COD, NH4(+)-N, and PO4(3-)-P were then recorded. The mean concentrations of the influent were approximately 3600 mg COD/L, 60 mg N/L, and 14 mg P/L, which corresponded to removal efficiencies of approximately 98%, 86%, and 92%, respectively.     

An observation on sludge granulation in an enhanced biological phosphorus removal process

A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) seeded with flocculated sludge and fed with synthetic wastewater was operated for an enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process. Eight weeks after reactor startup, sludge granules were observed. The granules had a diameter of 0.5 to 3.0 mm and were brownish in color and spherical or ellipsoidal in shape. No significant change was observed in sludge granule size when operational pH was changed from 7 to 8. The 208-day continuous operation of the SBR showed that sludge granules were stably maintained with a sludge volume index (SVI) between 30 to 55 mL/g while securing a removal efficiency of 83% for carbon and 97% for phosphorus. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) confirmed the enrichment of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) in the SBR. The observations of sludge granulation in this study encourage further studies in the development of granules-based EBPR process.     

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal and recovery

Activated sludge systems designed for enhanced nutrient removal are based on the principle of altering anaerobic and aerobic conditions for growth of microorganisms with a high capacity of phosphorus accumulation. Most often, filamentous bacteria constitute a component of the activated sludge microflora. The filamentous microorganisms are responsible for foam formation and activated sludge bulking. The results obtained confirm unanimously that the filamentous bacteria have the ability of phosphorus uptake and accumulation as polyphosphates. Hydrodynamic disintegration of the foam microorganisms results in the transfer of phosphorus and metal cations and ammonium-nitrogen into the liquid phase. It was demonstrated that the disintegration of foam permits the removal of a portion of the nutrients in the form of struvite.     

Toward a high-rate enhanced biological phosphorus removal process in a membrane-assisted bioreactor.

A membrane enhanced biological phosphorus removal (MEBPR) process was studied to determine the impact of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and solids retention time (SRT) on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen, and phosphorus from municipal wastewater. The MEBPR process was capable of delivering complete nitrification independent of the prevailing operating conditions, whereas a significant improvement in COD removal efficiency was observed at longer SRTs. In the absence of carbon-limiting conditions, the MEBPR process was able to achieve low phosphorus concentrations in the effluent at increasingly higher hydraulic loads, with the lowest HRT being 5 hours. The MEBPR process was also able to maintain optimal phosphorus removal when the SRT was increased from 12 to 20 days. However, at higher suspended solids concentrations, a substantial increase was observed in carbon utilization per unit mass of phosphorus removed from the influent. These results offer critical insights to the application of membrane technology for biological nutrient removal systems.