Fe负载量对xFe/ZSM-5催化剂氨选择性催化还原NO的影响

采用旋转蒸发法,将过渡金属Fe负载到ZSM-5分子筛上,控制Fe负载量的变化,制备一系列xFe/ZSM-5(x为Fe负载量,x=0.1%(质量分数,下同)、0.7%、1.4%、2.1%,省略%)分子筛催化剂。对所制备xFe/ZSM-5的氨选择性催化还原(NH_3-SCR)NO活性进行评价,并通过不同表征技术对催化剂的结构和理化性质进行了测定。结果表明,Fe负载量对xFe/ZSM-5的NH_3-SCR活性影响较大。其中1.4Fe/ZSM-5取得最宽的活性温度窗口,在250～530℃的NH_3-SCR活性达到80%以上(以NO转化率计)。孤立Fe~(3+)物种为xFe/ZSM-5催化剂低温段的主要活性物种,而低聚态Fe_2O_3物种会促进高温段NH_3的非选择性氧化,造成高温段NH_3-SCR活性下降;负载Fe物种后催化剂的强酸位数量减少,中酸位数量增加,中酸位有利于提高催化剂NH_3-SCR性能。     

负载型氧化铁对高毒气体PH3的催化分解

采用沉积-沉淀法制备了碳纳米管(CNTs)和二氧化硅(SiO2)负载的纳米Fe2O3催化剂,将其应用于高毒气体PH3分解反应.通过XRD,TEM,XPS,BET等一系列检测手段,对制备样品的相结构、形貌、组分和比表面积进行了表征.研究结果表明,在PH3催化分解反应过程,极少量的产物P迁移至Fe2O3中,形成金属磷化物FeP作为反应的活性相.与Fe2 O3/SiO2相比,Fe2O3/CNTs显示了较高的催化性能.在440℃反应温度下,Fe2O3/CNTs对PH3分解率达到99.8％.CNTs作为催化剂载体的优秀性能可归因于CNTs良好的导电性能和活性组分在其上的高度分散.     

SiO_2掺杂对V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2脱硝催化性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法制备TiO_2-SiO_2载体,浸渍法制备出V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2-SiO_2催化剂,利用BET、FESEM、XRD、TGA和激光拉曼对催化剂进行表征,研究催化剂的理化性质。以NH_3为还原剂,考察反应温度、SiO_2掺杂量、焙烧温度、空速和使用时间对SCR催化还原NO的性能影响。结果表明,V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2-SiO_2催化剂最佳反应温度在250~350℃。SiO_2掺杂能提高活性组分V_2O_5和WO_3在载体表面的分散性,制备出的催化剂具有更大的比表面积和更宽的温度区间,提高脱硝活性及稳定性。SiO_2掺杂量对催化剂性能影响较大,制备的催化剂中,TiO_2/SiO_2=2显示了最大催化活性,脱硝率均在60%以上,TiO_2/SiO_2=0.5制备的催化剂稳定性最差。焙烧温度对催化剂性能也有影响,焙烧温度在500和600℃时,最低脱硝率为58%和23%,最佳焙烧温度为400℃,脱硝率均在80%以上,具有优越的脱硝性能。实验结果还表明,空速对V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2-SiO_2催化剂的影响不大,在20 000 h~(-1)空速下催化剂的使用时间对脱硝率的影响也不大,48 h内能保持在99%左右,非常稳定。     

Al_2O_3/β-40催化剂同时脱硫脱硝性能

以溶胶凝胶法制备的30Al_2O_3/β-40为载体,采用浸渍法制备出负载不同金属氧化物的催化剂。采用XRD、H_2-TPR、BET对催化剂结构和性质进行表征,以CO为还原剂考察催化剂的脱硫脱硝活性。结果显示12%Ni0/30%Al_2O_3/β-40脱硫脱硝活性最佳,500℃时NO、SO_2转化率均可达到90%以上。     

MnOX/ACF低温选择性催化还原烟气中的NO

进行了MnOX/ACF(活性炭纤维)对低温选择性催化还原(SCR)NO的影响研究.实验表明,ACF先经浓酸预氧化,然后再负载MnOX催化剂,对NO脱除率的提高较明显,并且以20%(质量分数)HNO3预氧化处理的效果最佳.比较了相同制备条件和相同负载量下的MnOX/ACF和V2O5/ACF的催化效果,认为在同等条件下MnOX的活性高于V2O5.考察了不同负载量的MnOX对NO脱除率的影响,较理想的MnOX负载量为12%(质量分数).在此基础上就不同的催化剂质量和烟气流速比(W/F)对NO脱除率的影响进行了研究,结果表明,在低温、W/F为2～3 mg/(mL·min-1)时NO的去除率较高.     

新型MnOx/CNTs催化剂低温选择性催化还原NO

采用等体积浸渍法制备了MnOx/CNTs催化剂,用于低温NH3选择性催化还原(SCR)NO的实验.使用BET,FT-IR,TEM和XRD对催化剂进行表征,结果表明:碳纳米管经混酸超声分散,增加了羧基活性基团,锰氧化物颗粒分布较均匀.在模拟烟气条件下,考察了催化剂的MnOx负载量、煅烧温度及质量和烟气流速比(W/F)对NO脱除率的影响.煅烧温度为773 K,MnOx负载量为10%时,NO脱除率达到98.56%;W/F为2～3 mg/(mL·min-1)时NO的脱除率更高.     

烟气NO氧化催化剂Cu-V/Ti-PILCs的制备及其硫水稳定性

采用等体积浸渍法制备了以钛交联粘土为载体,Cu与V氧化物为活性组分的烟气NO氧化催化剂(Cu-v/Ti-PILCs),并考察了各种制备条件下催化剂的活性及稳定性.结果显示,当V水/V丙酮 =1∶2,负载4%CuO和2%V2O5,并在500℃煅烧时制得的Cu-V/Ti-PILCs催化剂,在NO浓度为350 mg/m3,O...     

CeO_2/Al_(0.2)Ti_(0.6)Zr_(0.2)O_(1.9)/ATS复合脱硝催化剂的制备及其抗硫抗水性能研究

将预先经酸处理的铝钛硅(ATS)多相陶瓷片先后负载Al0.2Ti0.6Zr0.2O1.9复合氧化物与CeO2活性组分,制得新型CeO2/Al0.2Ti0.6Zr0.2O1.9/ATS复合脱硝催化剂。运用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)手段对该催化剂进行表征,研究催化剂的晶相、微观形貌。评价了催化剂的脱硝活性,研究了H2O和SO2对其脱硝活性的影响。实验结果表明,CeO2/Al0.2Ti0.6Zr0.2O1.9/ATS具有良好的脱硝活性,高活性温度窗口在100～350℃,当反应温度为250℃时,NO的转化率达98.49%。SO2和H2O在一定程度抑制该催化剂的低温脱硝活性,但随着温度的升高,其脱硝活性逐渐恢复。催化剂中活性组分CeO2具有储硫作用,当有SO2存在时,活性温度窗口向高温区偏移了100℃,在250～400℃时,H2O的存在反而提高了催化剂的脱硝活性。     

新型MnOx/CNTs催化剂低温选择性催化还原NO

采用等体积浸渍法制备了MnOx/CNTs催化剂,用于低温NH3选择性催化还原（SCR）NO的实验。使用BET,FT-IR,TEM和XRD对催化剂进行表征,结果表明：碳纳米管经混酸超声分散,增加了羧基活性基团,锰氧化物颗粒分布较均匀。在模拟烟气条件下,考察了催化剂的MnOx负载量、煅烧温度及质量和烟气流速比（W/F）对NO脱除率的影响。煅烧温度为773 K,MnOx负载量为10%时,NO脱除率达到98.56%;W/F为2-3 mg/（mL·min^-1）时NO的脱除率更高。     

Mn-La-Ce-Ni-O_x/P84一体化滤布的低温脱硝影响因素

将550℃煅烧的Mn-La-Ce-Ni-O_x(Mn/La/Ce/Ni=2.5∶2.5∶1∶1)粉体均匀分散在蒸馏水中,采用P84滤料浸渍吸附复合氧化物分散液,经干燥、喷洒聚四氟乙烯乳液固定化,制备除尘脱硝一体化Mn-La-Ce-Ni-O_x/P84滤布。研究了Mn-La-Ce-Ni-O_x/P84滤布低温选择性催化还原(SCR)NO的活性。分别考察了反应温度、NH_3/NO摩尔比、O_2体积分数、复合氧化物负载量和SO_2等因素对Mn-La-Ce-Ni-O_x/P84滤布NH3-SCR脱除NO活性的影响。结果表明,当催化剂负载量大于250 g·m-2时,在100~200℃温度范围内一体化滤布催化活性均大于90%,200℃时脱硝活性达98.3%。当氧含量6%、NH3/NO≤1.0时,一体化滤布脱硝活性随NH3/NO摩尔比的增大而增大,NH_3过量与氧过量时无影响。200℃时,通入300×10-6SO_2对Mn-La-Ce-Ni-O_x/P84滤布脱硝活性有一定地抑制作用,脱除NO_x效率最低下降到88.6%,停止通入SO_2后,脱硝活性逐渐恢复。     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

An application of the theory of kinematics of mixing to the study of tropospheric dispersion

The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

扬中生态环境建设的思考与实践

结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足，进行了具体分析，对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施ISO／IEC17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节，提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法，对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的策划

在实施ISO／IEC 17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核策划阶段的关键环节，提出审核范围确定、审核计划和抽样方案制订的质量控制要求，为有序高效地实施内部审核提供了技术方法。     

Characterization of products of ozonolysis of acrylonitrile in liquid phase

In order to elucidate the reaction mechanism of the ozonolysis of acrylonitrile in the liquid phase, characterization of reaction products has been attempted. One of the products, which was volatile, has been found to be formaldehyde by derivatizing with dimedone. The infrared and mass spectra of the derivative corresponded with that of alkylidene dimedone. Three other reaction products were isolated by TLC using silica gel, CHCl₃:MeOH (80:20). These have been tentatively identified as glyoxal, epoxide of acrylonitrile and acetamide from their mass spectra. Based on these findings a reaction pathway for the formation of formaldehyde is proposed to be that described by Criegee.