Samples with the best adsorption properties are selected as a result of investigations conducted on synthesis of manganese-dioxide-based materials and study of their physicochemical properties. Materials were selected on the basis of their low cost and the simplicity of their production technology. In the laboratory the synthesis and analyses of materials was carried out for selected samples. The sorption of a series of elements is studied for a more detailed investigation of materials obtained. The results obtained will promote the synthesis of materials with improved adsorption properties with the aim of their application for purification of water from strontium. It is shown that the most promising way for amendment of manganese oxide is modification of this material using acid-resistant oxides. These oxides are also less expensive than existing sorbents for strontium. 相似文献
In this study, high capacity Chestnut shell, a waste product from the chestnut sugar production industry, was successfully applied to remove Pb (II) and Cd (II) ions from aqueous solutions. Maximum adsorption capacities were found as 541.25?mg/g and 75.86?mg/g for Pb(II), and Cd(II) respectively. Several important parameters influencing the adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions such as contact time, pH, temperature and effect of metal concentration were investigated systematically by batch experiments. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were used to describe adsorption isotherms and constants. The thermodynamic parameters, such as standard free energy (ΔG°), standard enthalpy (ΔH°), and standard entropy (ΔS°), of the adsorption process were calculated. The adsorbents were characterised by scanning electron microscopy. It has been observed from the experimental results that in case of both Cd (II) and Pb (II), pseudo 2nd order kinetic model. From the results, Chestnut Shell are considered as an effective, low cost and environmental friendly adsorbent for the removal of Pb (II) and Cd (II) from wastewater. 相似文献
Bioleaching from soil artificially contaminated with analogues of radionuclides, Co and Sr, was carried out using a Fe-oxidizing
bacterium, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Due to bacterial metabolism, the pH and dissolved Fe3+ concentration in a biotic slurry decreased and increased respectively, over time, but the concentrations of Co and Sr extracted
from the soil showed no significant enhancement compared with those under abiotic control. In both cases, Co and Sr were leached
from the soil during the initial period of the experiment, due to the initially low solution pH of 2.0, and the dissolved
concentrations remained almost constant for the duration of the experiment (300 h). Since oxidation of Fe2+ by A. ferrooxidans led to the production of Fe precipitates and colloidal suspensions, the Co and Sr extracted into solution were most likely
re-adsorbed onto the Fe solids. Also, A. ferrooxidans, without an external supply of Fe2+, extracted almost equal or greater amounts of Co and Sr from the soil than when Fe2+ was supplied. Under the same leaching conditions, the extent of Sr removal was much lower than that of Co. On the contrary
to the high efficiency of microbial metal leaching in biohydrometallurgy for low-graded sulfide ores, which has been widely
documented, conventional bioleaching techniques with A. ferrooxidans supplied with enough Fe2+ showed low efficiency for the removal of radionuclides loosely bound onto soil particle surfaces. 相似文献
• The synthesis and physicochemical properties of various CNMs are reviewed.• Sb removal using carbon-based nano-adsorbents and membranes are summarized.• Details on adsorption behavior and mechanisms of Sb uptake by CNMs are discussed.• Challenges and future prospects for rational design of advanced CNMs are provided. Recently, special attention has been deserved to environmental risks of antimony (Sb) element that is of highly physiologic toxicity to human. Conventional coagulation and ion exchange methods for Sb removal are faced with challenges of low efficiency, high cost and secondary pollution. Adsorption based on carbon nanomaterials (CNMs; e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and their derivatives) may provide effective alternative because the CNMs have high surface area, rich surface chemistry and high stability. In particular, good conductivity makes it possible to create linkage between adsorption and electrochemistry, thereby the synergistic interaction will be expected for enhanced Sb removal. This review article summarizes the state of art on Sb removal using CNMs with the form of nano-adsorbents and/or filtration membranes. In details, procedures of synthesis and functionalization of different forms of CNMs were reviewed. Next, adsorption behavior and the underlying mechanisms toward Sb removal using various CNMs were presented as resulting from a retrospective analysis of literatures. Last, we prospect the needs for mass production and regeneration of CNMs adsorbents using more affordable precursors and objective assessment of environmental impacts in future studies. 相似文献
We found that a new heavy metal precipitant, disodium N,N-bis-(dithiocarboxy)piperazine, both precipitates Cu2+ ions removes the dye from wastewater. The precipitation was based on a coordination polymerization reaction while the
removal of the dye could be mainly attributed to an hydrophobic adsorption at pH 7. 相似文献
● A composite aerogel was simply obtained to remove various fluoroquinolones (FQs).● The structural and textural properties of this composite aerogel are improved.● Its adsorption capacity was improved at a low content of coexisting Cu2+ or Fe3+ ion. ● Two substructural analogs of FQs are compared to explore the adsorption mechanisms.● This aerogel after saturated adsorption can be reused directly for Cu2+ adsorption. 3D composite aerogels (CMC-CG) composed of carboxymethyl cellulose and κ-carrageenan were designed and fabricated using the one-pot synthesis technique. The optimized CMC-CG showed a good mechanical property and a high swelling ratio due to its superior textural properties with a proper chemically cross-linked interpenetrating network structure. CMC-CG was utilized for the removal of various fluoroquinolones (FQs) from water and exhibited high adsorption performance because of effective electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding interactions. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), a popular FQ, was used as the representative. The optimized CMC-CG had a theoretically maximal CIP uptake of approximately 1.271 mmol/g at the pH of 5.0. The adsorption capacity of CMC-CG was improved in the presence of some cations, Cu2+ and Fe3+ ions, at a low concentration through the bridging effect but was reduced at a high concentration. The investigation of adsorption mechanisms, based on the adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamic study, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses before and after adsorption, and changes in the adsorption performance of CMC-CG toward two molecular probes, further indicated that electrostatic attraction was the dominant interaction rather than hydrogen bonding in this adsorption. CMC-CG after saturated adsorption of CIP could be easily regenerated using a dilute NaCl aqueous solution and reused efficiently. Moreover, the disused aerogel could still be reused as a new adsorbent for effective adsorption of Cu2+ ion. Overall, this study suggested the promising applications of this composite aerogel as an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and recyclable adsorbent for the efficient removal of FQs from water. 相似文献
We report the adsorption isotherm of acid dye on the surface of chitin, a unique solid adsorbent. Adsorption process offers
an attractive benefit for a dyeing house treatment. Influences of essential kinetic parameters such as adsorbent particle
size, reaction temperature governing the dye adsorption have been investigated. Adsorptions isotherms of dye on chitin were
developed and the equilibrium data fitted well to the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich Peterson isotherm model. At optimum
conditions maximum dye adsorption capacity of chitin estimated with the Langmuir 44.0, 85.0, 104.3 mg/g and 85.0, 114.10,
113.62 mg/g adsorbent. The results showed that chelating polymer of chitin could be considered as potential adsorbents for
acid dye removal from dilute solution. 相似文献
MEP were separated from mill scale at low magnetic intensity i.e., 300 to 500 gauss.The phosphate adsorption capacity of MEP was determined 6.41 mg/g.MEP packed-bed columns were successfully regenerated with alkaline solution. Phosphate is a major pollutant in water, causing serious environmental and health consequences. In present study, the phosphate adsorption on novel magnetite-enriched particles (MEP) was comprehensively investigated. A new method and device were introduced for the separation of MEP from the mill scale at low magnetic intensity. Particles were characterized with different techniques such as XRD, XRF, SEM and EDS. The XRD and XRF analysis of MEP identified the dominant existence of crystalline magnetite. Furthermore, the morphological analysis of MEP confirmed the agglomerate porous morphology of magnetite. Oxygen and iron, the main constituents of magnetite were acknowledged during the elemental analysis using EDS. The phosphate adsorption on MEP is well explained using various isotherm and kinetic models, exhibiting the monolayer adsorption of phosphate on the surface of MEP. The maximum adsorption capacity was determined 6.41 mg/g. Based on particle size (45–75 and 75–150 µm) and empty bed contact time (1 and 2 h), four columns were operated for 54 days. MEP were appeared successful to remove all phosphate concentration from the column influent having 2 mg/L concentration. The operated column reactors were successfully regenerated with alkaline solution. The results indicated potential for practical application of the MEP for phosphate removal. 相似文献
In this study, we report the effects of pH and divalent cations on the adsorption of arsenate (As(V)) by titanium dioxide
(TiO2) nanoparticles. The extent of As(V) adsorption on TiO2 decreased with increasing pH due to the decrease of positively charged binding sites on the TiO2 surface. The Langmuir maximum uptake capacity at pH 4 is about three times higher than that at pH 7. Here we show that the
relatively low As(V) uptake at circumneutral pH could be substantially enhanced by the addition of common divalent cations
such as magnesium and calcium. At a concentration of approximately 7 mM, magnesium and calcium increased the extent of As(V)
adsorption from 2.1 to 6.5 and 7.7 mg As(V)/g TiO2, respectively. 相似文献
● A crosslinked polyaniline/carbon nanotube NF membrane was fabricated.● Electro-assistance enhanced the removal rate of the NF membrane for bisphenol A.● Intermittent voltage-assistance can achieve nearly 100% removal of bisphenol A.● Membrane adsorption–electro-oxidation process is feasible for micropollutant removal. Nanofiltration (NF) has attracted increasing attention for wastewater treatment and potable water purification. However, the high-efficiency removal of micropollutants by NF membranes is a critical challenge. Owing to the adsorption and subsequent diffusion, some weakly charged or uncharged micropollutants, such as bisphenol A (BPA), can pass through NF membranes, resulting in low removal rates. Herein, an effective strategy is proposed to enhance the BPA removal efficiency of a crosslinked polyaniline/carbon nanotube NF membrane by coupling the membrane with electro-assistance. The membrane exhibited a 31.9% removal rate for 5 mg/L BPA with a permeance of 6.8 L/(m2·h·bar), while the removal rate was significantly improved to 98.1% after applying a voltage of 2.0 V to the membrane. Furthermore, when BPA coexisted with humic acid, the membrane maintained 94% removal of total organic carbon and nearly 100% removal of BPA at 2.0 V over the entire filtration period. Compared to continuous voltage applied to the membrane, an intermittent voltage (2.0 V for 0.5 h with an interval of 3.5 h) could achieve comparable BPA removal efficiency, because of the combined effect of membrane adsorption and subsequent electrochemical oxidation. Density functional theory calculations and BPA oxidation process analyses suggested that BPA was adsorbed by two main interactions: π–π and hydrogen-bond interactions. The adsorbed BPA was further electro-degraded into small organic acids or mineralized to CO2 and H2O. This work demonstrates that NF membranes coupled with electro-assistance are feasible for improving the removal of weakly charged or uncharged micropollutants. 相似文献
A spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst containing lanthanum (La) was used as a novel adsorbent for phosphorus (P) in simulated wastewater. The experiments were conducted in a batch system to optimize the operation variables, including pH, calcination temperature, shaking time, solid-liquid ratio, and reaction temperature under three initial P-concentrations (C0 = 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/L). Orthogonal analysis was used to determine that the initial P-concentration was the most important parameter for P removal. The P-removal rate exceeded 99% and the spent FCC catalyst was more suitable for use in low P-concentration wastewater (C0 <5.0 mg/L). Isotherms, thermodynamics and dynamics of adsorption are used to analyze the mechanism of phosphorus removal. The results show that the adsorption is an endothermic reaction with high affinity and poor reversibility, which indicates a low risk of second releasing of phosphate. Moreover, chemical and physical adsorption coexist in this adsorption process with LaPO4 and KH2PO4 formed on the spent FCC catalyst as the adsorption product. These results demonstrate that the spent FCC catalyst containing La is a potential adsorbent for P-removal from wastewater, which allows recycling of the spent FCC catalyst to improve the quality of water body.
We compared mercaptopropyl fonctionalized silica, SiSH, with two aminoethanethiol modified silica gels, SiNS and SiNMeS, for their ability to remove Cd2+ and Pb2+ from aqueous solutions. Adsorption was performed using a batchwise process. The maximum adsorption capacities were obtained for lead and cadmium. The adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir model. The calculated parameters indicated a similar removal capacity of Si[2-[3-(triethoxysilyl)propylamino]ethanethiol] and Si-[1-methyl-2-[3-(triethoxysilyl) propylamino]ethanethiol]. This study underscores the different behaviour of the aminoethanethiol modified silica gels compared to the mercaptopropyl modified silica for lead and cadmium uptake. 相似文献
This study was conducted to examine adsorption of pesticides bifenthrin, carbosulfan, λ-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, endosulfan, parathion methyl, monocrotophos and 4-nitrophenol by sandy clay loam (S.C.L) and sandy loam (S.L) soils (with varying organic content). There was no significant difference between the observed soil water partitioning coefficient values (Kd) derived from linear and nonlinear Freundlich isotherms. Adsorption of pesticides on S.C.L soils was higher than those on S.L soils. Kd values showed significant correlations (r2?=?0.8???0.99 and 0.65???0.97) with soil organic carbon content (OC) and weak correlations (r2?=?0.2???0.29 and 0.1???0.18) with clay contents of S.C.L and S.L soil at p?≤?0.05, respectively for all pesticides (except monocrotophos). Observed Koc values (soil-water partitioning constants based on the organic C fraction of the soil) were in accordance with the literature values of Wauchope and Tomlin with a maximum deviation of less than 0.5 log units. Ten Quantitative Property-Property Relationships (QPPR) among water solubility, n-octanol water coefficient (Kow) and Koc were proposed for studied pesticides except monocrotophos. The models were considered acceptable when predicted-observed difference for log?Kow and log?Koc were ≤?0.3 and ≤?0.5?log units, respectively, during the validation procedure. This work indicates that the log?Koc derived from the log Kow, from some of existing relationships, may be a fair predictor where observed values (i.e., Kd and Koc) are not available. Furthermore, predicted leaching potential by groundwater ubiquity scores (GUS) equation was solved by using observed Koc values and literature reported half lives of pesticides. GUS ranked the mobility of nonvolatile compounds i.e., bifenthrin, λ-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and endosulfan extremely low; methyl parathion very low; 4-nitrophenol low; carbofuran and monocrotophos very high in S.C.L and S.L soils, respectively. Results discussed in this paper provide background to prioritize pesticides or chemical groups that should be evaluated under field conditions with regard to their leaching potential to groundwater in arid climates. 相似文献
We report the adsorption isotherm of methylene blue on the surface of Zhejiang and Jilin diatomite. The relationship between the adsorption isotherm and diatomite pore structure is discussed. The degree of decolouring was found to be strongly related to pH and isoelectrical value. Furnace ash residue and diatomite were found to be very effectively treating printing and dyeing wastewater. 相似文献
● EPS immobilizes U(VI) via adsorption, bioreduction and desorption.● This work provides a framework to quantify the three immobilization processes.● The non-equilibrium adsorption of U follows pseudo-second-order kinetics.● The equilibrium adsorption of U followed Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Hexavalent uranium (U(VI)) can be immobilized by various microbes. The role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in U(VI) immobilization has not been quantified. This work provides a model framework to quantify the contributions of three processes involved in EPS-mediated U(VI) immobilization: adsorption, bioreduction and desorption. Loosely associated EPS was extracted from a pure bacterial strain, Klebsiella sp. J1, and then exposed to H2 and O2 (no bioreduction control) to immobilize U(VI) in batch experiments. U(VI) immobilization was faster when exposed to H2 than O2 and stabilized at 94% for H2 and 85% for O2, respectively. The non-equilibrium data from the H2 experiments were best simulated by a kinetic model consisting of pseudo-second-order adsorption (ka = 2.87 × 10−3 g EPS·(mg U)−1·min−1), first-order bioreduction (kb = 0.112 min−1) and first-order desorption (kd = 7.00 × 10−3 min−1) and fitted the experimental data with R2 of 0.999. While adsorption was dominant in the first minute of the experiments with H2, bioreduction was dominant from the second minute to the 50th min. After 50 min, adsorption was negligible, and bioreduction was balanced by desorption. This work also provides the first set of equilibrium data for U(VI) adsorption by EPS alone. The equilibrium experiments with O2 were well simulated by both the Langmuir isotherm and the Freundlich isotherm, suggesting multiple mechanisms involved in the interactions between U(VI) and EPS. The thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption of U(VI) onto EPS was endothermic, spontaneous and favorable at higher temperatures. 相似文献
