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为了更好地处置溢油事故对海洋环境造成的污染,运用数值模拟预测溢油流散规律对有效围控油品泄漏后的扩散范围意义重大。文章分析了溢油模拟研究面临的难题,分别从油膜扩展、动力漂移、油膜粒子化和风化作用4个方面综述了溢油基础模型的发展。结合最新研究成果阐明了溢油数值模拟发展现状,对比分析了当前国内外广泛应用的溢油模型及软件的原理、适用条件及优缺点。在此基础上,指出目前溢油数值模拟存在的问题及今后的研究重点,指出一种运用欧拉-欧拉法建立溢油模型的新思路。 相似文献
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内陆河流水体跨越管道溢油模拟及应急对策 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
介绍了内陆河流水体跨越管道溢油模拟技术与基本流程,以西北地区某河段油品跨越管道为研究对象,分析发生管道泄漏突发溢油事故的风险,考虑丰/枯水期、强/静风、泄漏位置等影响因素,设计构建了12种溢油突发事件情景,应用MIKE21模拟软件建立水动力模型,并分析不同情景下的溢油漂移扩散规律。根据模拟计算结果并考虑河流自身特点,确定了高风险水域多个应急处置关键断面,给出了不同应急处置关键断面的有效应急时间,为溢油突发事件应急准备工作提供了技术支持。 相似文献
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为了最大程度地降低突发水污染事件带来的损失,采用MIKE11水动力—水质耦合模型,对太子河流域本溪段突发水污染事件进行模拟。模型验证的结果表明,构建的水动力—水质耦合模型满足精度要求。模拟4种情景的含挥发酚废水超标排放,结果表明:在相同条件下,污染物峰值浓度与排放强度、瞬时排放量呈正相关;排放地点距离监测断面越近,污染物峰值浓度越高;排放强度不会影响污染物到达监测断面及峰值浓度的时间。不同挥发酚超标排放的模拟结果可以为相关河流突发水污染事件提供预测预警,还可以为应急处置提供参考。 相似文献
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排放配额的价格是排污权有偿使用政策的关键要素之一。本研究从分析排污权有偿使用政策的内涵出发,厘清有偿使用政策与已有排污收费政策的区别,排污收费是企业为污染物排放造成对环境损害而支付的补偿,而有偿使用费是企业为污染物排放占用环境容量资源支付的稀缺租金。本研究同时考虑了现行排污收费政策和总量控制政策的影响,基于最优化控制理论建立了COD和NH_3-N两种水污染物为独立变量的价格模型,并对有偿使用政策执行后可能带来的影响进行了模拟预测。 相似文献
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环境水动力数值模拟的研究现状与展望 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
水动力数值模拟为水环境中污染物的迁移转化提供了重要的背景。水动力数值模拟的发展经历了数值计算、单因素模拟、多因素模拟3个阶段。本文在分析了环境水动力数值模拟的发展过程与研究现状的基础上,结合当前学科发展动态,预测了其未来研究的主要方向。 相似文献
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以绵阳市2014~2016年空气污染指数(API)以及SO 2、NO 2、PM 10等污染物为研究对象,探讨了绵阳市空气污染的变化规律,并分析它们与常规观测的地面气象资料之间的关系。尝试采用多元线性回归方法及BP神经网络方法建立污染预报模型,并检验分析两种模型的可行性。结果表明基于BP神经网络的预报模型在污染预报中可行,并建立基于BP神经网络进行空气质量预测的预测模型,利用历史资料进行验证。 相似文献
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为分析沱江干流自贡段航电枢纽建设前后对河道水质的影响,针对沱江干流污染现状,以沱江干流主要污染物COD、氨氮、TP为指标,应用MIKE 11模型建立能客观反映模拟河段水动力、水质时空演变规律的模型,分析了银蛇溪枢纽建库前后对沱江干流水质的影响。模拟结果表明:在污染负荷不增加的情况下,李家湾、黄葛浩、银蛇溪断面在建库后枯水年枯水月COD预测浓度月均值有所超标;枯水年NH3-N预测浓度较建库前增加率最高,平水年次之,丰水年最低;枢纽建设后,各断面TP浓度进一步升高。本研究以沱江自贡段航道建设工程为例,分析不同典型年下航电枢纽建设前后水质情况,研究结果可为沱江干流航电枢纽建设项目水质影响预测提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Trametes versicolor decolorized 2000 mg L(-1) of the mono-azo substituted naphthalenic dye Amaranth with no dye sorption observed visually. The changes in the toxicity were assessed over a period of 30 d for the dye-treated viable culture, control (no dye added), and a boiled culture treated with dye, using the Microtox Acute Toxicity assay. Before dye addition, the culture filtrate had some toxicity, which increased after the dye addition. The toxicity of the dye-treated culture decreased during the treatment. The loss of toxicity occurred at the same time, with the loss of color suggesting that detoxification is associated with decoloration. The change in pH was due to natural metabolic processes and had a small effect on detoxification. Because the toxicity of the treatment was similar to that of the control at the end of the treatment, the effluent seems to be safe for release into the environment, potentially rendering this treatment suitable for industrial application. 相似文献
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城镇化是推动我国经济社会发展的重要动力,在高速发展的同时,带来大量污染排放,威胁乡村环境质量与可持续发展。在对乡村生态环境问题剖析的基础上,从战略、实施、方式等层面探索解决思路,围绕科学规划、发展方式、基础建设、管理机制、宣传教育等方面分析关键点,加强乡村环境保护,保障城镇化建设健康发展,为促进农村农业持续发展提供持久动力。 相似文献
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泵站树状给水管网流量具有随机性,而这种随机性变化会直接影响管网的建设费用和动力费用.针对这-特点,应用随机规划原理,建立泵站树状给水管网机会约束模型,编写基于随机模拟的遗传算法程序求解该模型.机会约束模型能较客观地反映该管网的实际工况,使优化设计结果更符合实际. 相似文献
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Günay Kocasoy 《Environmental management》1989,13(4):469-475
The increase in the number of tourists visiting a coast is desired by most of the countries for economic reasons. However, this increase in tourism may cause pollution of the sea. This can be only avoided by proper planning and by predicting the carrying capacity of the coast in terms of sea pollution. This is especially important for developing countries where part of the wastewater is discharged without any treatment into the sea.In the present study the beaches were classified according to their use — and consequently the amount of waste discharged into the sea — into four groups: (1) coasts that are used only for swimming and recreational purposes; (2) coasts used simultaneously for dwelling, swimming, and recreational purposes; (3) coasts along which only dwellings exist; and (4) natural and man-made harbors, i.e., coasts used as shelters. During the survey,40,320 observations were made between December 1985 and February 1988 to determine the effect of the number of tourists on seawater quality. The results obtained were analyzed by a multilinear regression program to obtain an empirical equation giving the extent of the sea pollution in terms of coliform concentration as a function of population density and some other environmental factors.The equations derived in this study enable the determination of the carrying capacity of a beach in terms of pollution as well as the expected degree of pollution corresponding to a given population density. Furthermore, it allows the prediction of the extra carrying capacity that can be obtained by improving the waste-disposal conditions. 相似文献
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阐释了信息产业专门化街区的内涵,结合对合肥市黄山路信息产业专门化街区构成要素的分类及其邻近度的分析,分别从空间结构演化、景观演化、功能演化三方面阐述了合肥市黄山路由"电子一条街"向"信息产业专门化街区"的总体演化阶段,探讨了信息产业专门化街区的未来发展趋势。 相似文献
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