Multiattribute Utility Analysis as a Framework for Public Participation in Siting a Hazardous Waste Management Facility

This paper describes a public participation exercise in which stakeholders used an approach based on multiattribute utility analysis to select a site for a hazardous waste management facility. The key to success was the ability to separate and address two types of judgments inherent in environmental decisions—technical judgments regarding the likely consequences of alternative choices and value judgments regarding the importance or seriousness of those consequences. The approach enabled technical specialists to communicate the essential technical considerations and allowed stakeholders to establish the value judgments for the decision. Although rarely used in public participation, the multiattribute utility approach appears to provide a useful framework for the collaborative resolution of complex environmental decision problems.     

辽宁省危险废物排放现状与污染控制战略

结合辽宁省危险废物排放现状,提出辽宁省危险废物污染控制战略。建立全省危险废物管理与登记交换中心,建设省级危险废物安全填埋处置中心、危险废物焚烧中心、省级危险废物污染事故预警系统。提出全省医疗废物处置设施建设布局和技术路线选择方案、硼泥和铬渣处置技术路线。在大城市或经济较发达城市,可采取回转炉方法集中焚烧医疗废物,而运输半径之外偏远山区或经济欠发达城市可采用高温灭菌方法处置本辖区内的医疗废物。硼泥、铬渣则优先采用资源化技术进行处置。     

四川省危险废物管理现状分析及评价

随着城市化进程的加快,危险废物的产生量快速增加,数量多、分布广、危害大、潜在利用价值高,管理处理难度大,因此带来了巨大的环境安全隐患。本文利用相关调查统计数据,分析了四川省危险废物产生特性及污染特性,指出危险废物管理过程中出现的问题已成为阻碍四川省循环经济发展及生态省建设的壁垒,针对出现的问题,提出了相关对策和建议。     

中国危险废物名录研究

本文介绍了中国、美国及欧盟的危险废物名录框架体系,通过对三者的优缺点比较,分析了中国危险废物名录列表定义存在的问题,从名录纳入标准,操作方式和具体列表三方面提出了中国名录框架体系的修改建议。     

Acid Volatile Sulfides,Equilibrium Partitioning,and Hazardous Waste Site Sediments

/ Information provided by acid volatile sulfide (AVS) andequilibrium partitioning (EqP) theory is described, including two caseexamples, relative to hazardous waste site sediments. AVS and EqP are toolsin the toolbox, which can serve three main functions: screening,prioritization, and assisting in explaining observed effects. They should notbe used in isolation for decision making, particularly at hazardous waste orother sites where the sediments are contaminated by materials such as coal,coke, and pitch.KEY WORDS: Acid volatile sulfides; Equilibrium partitioning; Sediments;Hazardous waste     

Waste Management in Guangdong Cities: The Waste Management Literacy and Waste Reduction Preferences of Domestic Waste Generators

A questionnaire survey was conducted in 2002 on 1365 households in two prefectural-level cities in the Pearl River Delta, Jiangmen and Zhongshan. Three groups of issues are covered in this paper: 1) waste management literacy, concerns, and public participation; 2) waste recycling practices and the potential for waste avoidance; and 3) public environmental literacy. This study confirms findings from previous surveys and provides new information on important issues such as imposing monetary charges on waste and environmental activities, littering, source separation programs (SSPs), and public participation and expectations in local waste management. Saving up recyclable materials for redemption in waste depots is commonly practiced in mainland China regardless of the level of development of a city, although at the household level, high-income families tend to place less value on the revenues to be gained from redemption than lower income groups do. Data from the previous and the present studies indicate that such voluntary but largely economically driven waste recovery behavior diverts at least 10% of the household waste from the waste stream. Although uncompensated SSP is less appealing in the two cities than compensated SSP, it was found that when the median per capita income of a city reaches RMB2000 per month, a high participation rate for uncompensated waste recovery is more likely to occur. Education and income levels are the chief factors affecting littering behavior and the potential for waste avoidance. Contrary to general belief, the local Chinese community is active in microwaste management. The concern, however, is over the inability of the grassroots bureaucracy to deal with rising expectations for waste collection services and neighborhood cleanliness.     

Making or breaking waste facility siting successes with a siting framework

Waste facility siting successes depend on many linked factors of facility design and impacts, site characteristics, and community beliefs and values. A facility siting framework is constructed to combine important elements and cause–effect linkages that affect the siting outcome. The framework consists of three main components: (1) core elements of facility design, effects, and community beliefs, attitude and response; (2) contributing factors of site and community characteristics, community beliefs and values that affect the interpretation of the facility and its effects; and (3) siting management interventions to manage the process and facility impacts. The framework is applied in an unsuccessful and a successful siting case to determine the key elements that contribute to siting outcome: (1) thorough need justification for the facility from the proponent's and the community's perspective; (2) careful facility design and prediction of the impacts and to select impact management compensation measures; (3) screening and selection of communities where the beliefs and values are compatible with the type of facility and its effects, (4) cooperatively selected impact reduction (i.e., prevention, control, and mitigation) measures followed by compensation and incentives; and (5) intensive process management to balance the community characteristics and values with the proponent's efforts to plan, design, assess and manage impacts, and ultimately, gain approval of the facility. The siting framework provides a comprehensive and robust structure of key factors that contribute to siting outcome and, therefore, provides the tool to identify, evaluate, and design siting interventions to enhance the chances of successful siting outcome.     

成都市危险废物现状调查及污染控制对策研究

本文在对成都市危险废物产生及污染控制状况进行调查分析的基础上,结合国内外危险废物管理经验,提出了成都市危险废物控制的对策及建议。     

建立有效回收网络,防治危险废物污染环境

工业废弃物中，废酸碱、重金属、废矿物油等都属于危险废物，我们日常生活中的废电池、灯管、显像管、空调、冰箱等都含有大量成分的危险废物。开展危险废物的有效回收，建立有效回收网络，才能从根本上防治危险废物进入环境，防治危险废物给人类与环境造成严重灾难。     

Environmental Management of Quarries as Waste Disposal Facilities

Problems associated with the disposal of municipal solid waste have become a source of public concern worldwide as awareness of potential adverse environmental impacts and health threats from solid waste has increased. Communities are concerned about the generation and management of solid waste to the extent of refusing to allow new disposal facilities near their homes, often after witnessing the legacy of existing facilities. Under these conditions, the development of national policies for the management of solid waste becomes highly political, all while requiring appropriate technical solutions that ensure environmental protection and proper management plans that support an acceptable solution for the disposal of municipal solid waste. In some locations, the conversion of old quarries into well-engineered and controlled landfills appears as a promising solution to a continuously increasing problem, at least for many decades to come. This paper describes the environmental impacts associated with solid waste disposal in a converted quarry site and the mitigation measures that can be adopted to alleviate potential adverse impacts. Environmental management and monitoring plans are also discussed in the context of ensuring adequate environmental protection during and after the conversion process.     

天津市危险废物的现状及管理研究

本文介绍了天津市危险废物的种类、数量等现状,分析了管理过程中存在的问题。通过对天津市危险废物处理处置状况的研究,希望能为今后的研究者和相关管理者提供有益的参考。     

医疗废水治理设施监测中的问题及解决办法

医院污水来源及成分复杂,含有病原性微生物、有毒、有害的物理化学污染物和放射性污染等,需建设配套的废水治理设施.为检验治理效果,加强监管,需对治理设施进行验收监测和监督性监测.在排除废水治理过程一系列问题后即可做到,监测科学合理顺利开展,废水治理设施处理的废水稳定达标排放.     

基于人工神经网络模型预测2017~2018年成都市危险废物增量研究

危险废物对环境或者人体健康会造成有害影响,有效地预测其产量是优化管理和合理处置的重要依据。以2008~2016年成都市危险废物产生量为基础,通过数据带入和整合及综合各参数因子的影响,利用人工神经网络模型预测方法客观反映并预测成都市危废产量的变化趋势。结果表明该模型预测2017~2018年成都市危险废物年产量分别达到24.46万t和26.88万t,模拟精度偏差低。因此,人工神经网络模型可以作为一种预测危险废物产生量的工具,其预测结果可以为职能部门提供决策参考。     

Public Meetings About Local Waste Management Problems: Comparing Participants to Nonparticipants

One of the more traditional ways to involve citizens in environmental management in the United States is to hold a public meeting. Yet public meetings are also frequently criticized for stereotypical weaknesses, including a concern that citizens who attend public meetings do not accurately represent citizens who do not attend. To examine this concern in the context of local waste management problems, this study investigates whether citizens who attend public meetings differ from citizens who do not attend meetings. In the spring of 1998, residents in two New York communities facing local waste management problems received mailed questionnaires. Those surveyed included citizens who had previously attended state-sponsored public meetings about the waste sites and citizens who lived within one mile of the respective waste sites but had not attended any meetings. A comparison of demographic characteristics showed that, in both communities, citizens who attended meetings tended to report higher incomes and have children living at home. In one community, previous meeting participants tended to perceive greater risks from the waste site. In both communities, participants were less likely to consider certain sources of information about the waste sites, including the state environmental agency, state health agency, and the industries, as credible. Regardless of whether they had previously attended public meetings, respondents who perceived the risks as greater also perceived the sources as less credible. The conclusions suggest some potential challenges to effective communication at public meetings, including overcoming widespread skepticism and heightened concern among audience members.     

Environmental Management of Human Waste Disposal for Recreational Boating Activities

/ A methodology to estimate the number of pump-out facilities and dump stations required to service human waste disposal for recreational power boating activities in Pennsylvania during the 1994 boating season is described. Study results suggest that a total of 39 additional pump-out stations and 13 dump stations may be required on seven major waterbodies: The Three Rivers Area, Lake Erie/Presque Isle Bay, Raystown Lake, the Susquehanna River, the Delaware River, Lake Wallenpaupack, and the Kinzua Reservoir. Suggestions for improving the methodology are provided. KEY WORDS: Human waste; Recreation; Power boating; Waste facilities; Waste disposal; Pennsylvania     

基于GIS危险废物管理信息系统研究

重庆市每年产生大量的危险废物，直接威胁重庆市的水资源和生态环境，因此，进行有效的危险废物管理十分重要。本文主要介绍了基于GIS危险废物管理信息系统的设计，将危险废物、计算机技术和GIS技术相结合，为危险废物管理提供快捷、方便、科学的管理和决策支持。该系统包括数据输入、数据查询、数据库管理和维护、模型库、决策支持等子系统。该系统具有界面友好、操作方便、实用等特点，必将在重庆市危险废物管理方面起到重要作用。     

危险废物处置中心物化处理浅析

介绍了一套危险废物处置中心物化处理系统的工艺原理、工艺流程（废酸碱及重金属废液处理、废乳化液处理）,与国内类似企业物化工艺进行对比,分析了系统的优缺点。结合国内危险废物处置现状和运行管理经验,进行了优化完善,进一步提高系统的经济性和稳定可靠性,为同类企业提供参考和借鉴。     

重庆含铜废物利用行业技术准入研究

因缺失含铜废物利用技术准入规范,从业企业良莠不齐,制约了该行业的良性发展.通过分析重庆市含铜废物利用现状、存在问题,从含铜废物利用项目选址用地、建设规模、产品质量、技术工艺、设施建设、准入许可及环境管理等方面提出准入门槛规定,以期为含铜废物利用行业良性发展提供参考.     

危险废物出口管理的虱际经验及对我国的启示

中国危险废物的产生量呈增长态势,危险废物出口的数量也逐年增加。本文重点分析美国、日本等发达国家的危险废物出口管理经验,结合发展中国家马来西亚的管理模式,通过综合研究国际危险废物出口管理政策,对我国危险废物出口管理工作提出了建议。