模糊综合评判在达州市环境空气质量评价中的应用

运用模糊综合评判的方法,选取二氧化硫、二氧化氮和可吸入颗粒物作为评价因子,参照我国环境空气质量标准,通过建立各污染物的隶属函数和权重集,计算出各污染物的隶属度和权重分配系数,进而对达州市空气质量进行模糊综合评判。并将模糊综合评判法与空气污染指数分析所得结果进行比较。     

基于模糊数学的大气环境质量综合评价

鉴于大气环境质量评价中客观存在的不确定性和模糊性,运用模糊数学方法,选用SO2、NO2、PM10作为评价因子,参照大气环境质量标准,通过计算污染因子权重分配系数和隶属度对乌鲁木齐市2004年至2010年大气环境质量给出客观的评价,综合评价结果表明乌鲁木齐市总体大气环境质量为轻度污染(三级),但空气质量在逐年好转,SO2和PM10依然是乌鲁木齐市空气质量的制约因子,且NO2的权重在逐年上升。模糊综合评判考虑环境空气质量评价的模糊性,根据污染物浓度对各级别的贴近度考察污染物的级别,评价结果比较直观,可以细致准确的评价环境质量等级,评价结果基本可以反映环境空气污染的情况。     

多级模糊模式识别方法用于河流水质评价

应用多级模糊模式识别模型进行水质量分类评价,克服了最大隶属度原则所不适用的地方,而且以相对隶属度、隶属函数为基础理论,使隶属度、隶属函数的计算更容易。建立了多级模糊模式识别模型,并应用于汾河水质分类评价中,应用结果表明,该方法合理、可行。     

阿坝州土地可持续利用评价

为解决资源对阿坝州经济发展的限制,实现土地资源的可持续利用,本文通过阿坝州2007~2013年的土地利用变化,评价其土地利用的可持续性。采用相关分析法和模糊数学方法,对选取17个指标进行评价,首先确定各项指标权重,再计算指标隶属度与综合指标值,最后综合评价阿坝州土地利用可持续性。研究结果显示阿坝州土地可持续性在2007~2013年期间呈上升趋势,土地质量状况不断改善。     

木兰天池景区旅游资源量化分析评价--运用AHP和模糊综合评判法

通过对武汉木兰天池景区的实地考察及调查、搜集资料，获得各种材料数据；在此基础上设置评价要素指标体系。运用层次分析法（AHP），经过一致性检验来确定各评价指标的权重；再采用模糊综合评判方法，建立评价模型，通过计算各指标在不同区域单元上的隶属度，对景区内各区域单元的旅游资源进行综合评价。评价结果表明，木兰天池景区的旅游资源处于中高级次，较高级次的资源缺乏，需要整体协调开发，进一步发掘旅游资源潜力，科学、合理地发展。     

经济、能源和环境系统协调度分析——以江苏省为例

从江苏省实际情况出发,构建了经济、能源和环境三个系统的协调度指标评价体系,采用德尔菲法和主成分法确定指标权重,对江苏省13个市进行了单系统、两两系统和综合系统的协调度分析评价,得出江苏省绝大多数市处于不协调状态,同时提出了相关的政策建议.     

秦皇岛市气象灾害风险评估技术研究及风险环境区划分

根据国际流行的灾害评估模式,通过对秦皇岛市气象灾害的分布和环境状况的调查,建立风险要素和风险级别的隶属关系矩阵,用层次分析法来确定风险要素权重的排序,凭借DPS数据处理软件（DataProcessingSystem）计算权重,得到综合脆弱度指数集合,获得相关区域的气象灾害风险指数得分。     

海外矿山项目并购外部风险评价

基于现有文献,对海外矿山项目并购的主要外部风险因素进行了识别。在海外矿山项目并购外部风险评价指标体系中加入金融风险等相关指标,运用TFN-RS模型确定各评价指标权重,结合主客观赋权的双重优势,将云理论与物元理论相结合,运用Matlab软件编程计算出各指标的风险等级隶属度,构建了海外矿山项目并购外部风险评价的云物元模型,提高了对风险模糊性和不确定性的评价精度。以我国河北钢铁集团并购加拿大阿尔德隆公司Kami铁矿项目为例进行应用,结果显示,该项目的风险等级为"低",但社会文化风险高。     

模糊神经网络模型在拟建项目环境质量评价中的应用

由于评价因子与环境质量标准之间的模糊关系,导致传统的评价模型结果的不确定性。本文将模糊理论和神经网络模型相结合,利用模糊理论的隶属度反映各因子的质量相对状态,从而更精确地识别模糊性。通过模糊神经网络模型对环境质量标准样本的学习和测试,得出评价等级,并与模糊综合评价方法进行对比,实验结果表明,模糊神经网络模型用于环境质量评价是可行的,且比模糊综合评价方法更为客观、合理。     

淮河生态经济带自然生态环境分析评价

以淮河生态经济带5个省份为研究对象,通过主成分-相关性-主成分的方式构建评价指标体系,运用熵值法计算指标权重,采用TOPSIS法对淮河生态经济带的自然生态环境质量进行评价分析,以最终的相对贴近度作为评价依据。结果显示,安徽、江苏、河南、湖北、山东五省的相对贴近度分别为0.194,0.749,0.145,0.291,0.139,自然生态环境质量排名由高到低分别为江苏、湖北、安徽、河南、山东。其中,江苏省各指标较为均衡,其余4省均存在一定薄弱环节。     

太湖流域水资源综合规划数模研究--水质模型的建立与率定

太湖流域水资源综合规划数模研究建立了一个覆盖全流域的，包括污染负荷模型、河网湖泊相耦合的水量水质模型的数字流域系统。该系统实现了流域的耦合求解，已在流域水资源规划中发挥了重要的作用。本文建宴了流域水质模型，并在水量模型率定的基础上进行了水质模型的率定。率定结果与实测数据吻合较好，相对误差多在30％之内，一定程度上反映了太湖流域的水质概况。     

基于熵权的巢湖水生态健康模糊综合评价

在对巢湖水生态状况深入调查研究的基础上,确立了湖泊生态系统健康评价指标体系,确定了各指标健康等级的阙值范围,建立了基于熵权的湖库水生态健康模糊综合评价模型。并选取1980年巢湖的水质和水生态数据作为本底值。运用熵权法对2000～2005年整个湖泊生态系统的健康状况进行了客观评价,结果表明2004—2005年巢湖水生态系统均处于较差健康状态。本方法的计算结果表明采用熵权综合健康指数法对其进行生态系统健康评价具有很好的可靠性和实用性。最后根据实际提出了湖库水生态安全综合管理对策。     

在监测样本信息的基础上确定水环境系统权重的分配方法

权重确定是水环境质量评价中很重要的一个方面，本文在监测样本信息的基础上，利用正交旋转变换方法，提出了一种权重确定方法，并结合实际进行了计算。     

Soil quality assessment in rice production systems: establishing a minimum data set

Soil quality, as a measure of the soil's capacity to function, can be assessed by indicators based on physical, chemical, and biological properties. Here we report on the assessment of soil quality in 21 rice (Oryza sativa) fields under three rice production systems (semi-direct, pre-germinated, and conventional) on four soil textural classes in the Camaqu? region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The objectives of our study were: (i) to identify soil quality indicators that discriminate both management systems and soil textural classes, (ii) to establish a minimum data set of soil quality indicators and (iii) to test whether this minimum data set is correlated with yield. Twenty-nine soil biological, chemical, and physical properties were evaluated to characterize regional soil quality. Soil quality assessment was based on factor and discriminant analysis. Bulk density, available water, and micronutrients (Cu, Zn, and Mn) were the most powerful soil properties in distinguishing among different soil textural classes. Organic matter, earthworms, micronutrients (Cu and Mn), and mean weight diameter were the most powerful soil properties in assessing differences in soil quality among the rice management systems. Manganese was the property most strongly correlated with yield (adjusted r2 = 0.365, P = 0.001). The merits of sub-dividing samples according to texture and the linkage between soil quality indicators, soil functioning, plant performance, and soil management options are discussed in particular.     

Assessment of surface water quality of selected estuaries of Malaysia: multivariate statistical techniques

Multivariate statistical techniques such as cluster analysis (CA), factor analysis (FA) were used for the evaluation of spatial variations and the interpretation of a large complex water quality data set of two selected estuaries of Malaysia. The two locations of interest with 10 sites in each location were Kuala Juru (Juru estuary) and Bukit Tambun (Jejawi estuary). Cluster analysis showed that some sites in both locations have similar sources of pollution from point or non-point sources whereas FA yielded four factors which are responsible for water quality variations explaining more than 80% of the total variance of the data set and allowed to group the selected water quality. Correlation analysis of the data showed that some parameters have strong association with other parameters and they share a common origin source. This study illustrates the usefulness of multivariate statistical analysis for evaluation and interpretation of complex data sets to get better information about the pollution sources/factors and understanding the behavior of the parameters in water quality for effective river water quality management.     

水环境承载能力调控与水质信息系统模式的探讨

水环境承载能力是可持续发展理论的重要体现，它具有很强的动态、空间时空、水量水质兼顾、补偿等特性。建立水质信息系统基础平台，科学地利用和调控水环境承载能力，实现水环境保护目标的实现。本文就水环境承载能力调控与水质信息系统模式的建立进行了分析研究，并结合中国实情提出了建模总体框架。     

INTEGRATING DIFFUSEINONPOINT POLLUTION CONTROL AND WATER BODY RESTORATION INTO WATERSHED MANAGEMENT1

ABSTRACT: The objective of water quality/watershed management is attainment of water quality goals specified by the Clean Water Act. The Total Maximal Daily Load (TMDL) planning process is a tool to set up watershed management. However, TMDL methodologies and concepts have several problems, including determination of Loading Capacity for only low flow critical periods that preclude consideration of wet weather sources in water quality management. Research is needed to develop watershed pollutant loading and receiving waters Loading Capacity models that will link wet and dry weather pollution loads to the probability of the exceedence of water quality standards. The long term impact of traditional Best Management Practices as well as ponds and wetlands, must be reassessed to consider long term accumulation of conservative toxic compounds. Socioeconomic research should focus on providing information on economic and social feasibility of implementation of additional controls in water quality limited watersheds.     

长江(江苏段)沿江开发水质监控预警系统建设

长江（江苏段）水质监控预警体系是以信息技术为基础，综合运用地理信息系统（GIS）、遥感（NS）、网络、多媒体等现代高新科技手段，在沿江开发现状分析和评价的基础上，建立长江（江苏段）水质基础信息平台、不同功能的水质模型及其相应的管理系统，为区域的环境风险管理提供数据支持。     

Estimating the effects of urban residential development on water quality using microdata

In this study, we examine the impact on water quality of urbanization using disaggregate data from Wake County, North Carolina. We use a unique panel data set tracing the conversion of individual residentially zoned land parcels to relate the density of residential development and the change in residential land use to three measures of water quality. Using a spatial econometrics model, we relate spatially and temporally referenced monitoring station readings to our measures of residential land use while controlling for other factors affecting water quality. We find that both the density of residential land use and the rate of land conversion have a negative impact on water quality. The impacts of these non-point sources are found to be larger in magnitude than those from urban point sources.     

WATER MANAGEMENT IN ONTARIO1

ABSTRACT: The Ontario Ministry of the Environment has based its water quality management approach on a set of guidelines published in 1970. In light of the changing societal and economic background, advancement in technology and scientific knowledge, and philosophical attitudes towards water management, the water management program was recently revised. Factors influencing the revised approach, including federal-provincial interrelationships and international commitments under the Canada-U.S. Agreement, are summarized. The revised program consists of a goal statement, policies to implement this goal, revised water quality objectives, and detailed implementation procedures for field staff use. Rather than promulgating regulations to impose arbitrary effluent or receiving water standards on a province-wide basis, the revised approach involves the imposition of legally enforceable effluent requirements on a case-by-case basis. Although the paper emphasizes the surface water quality program, it also outlines the Ministry's goals, policies, and procedures for the management of surface-water quantity, as well as ground water quality and quantity.