复合光合细菌对鱼塘水氨态氮H2S的去除效应

采用厌氧光照富集法培养光能有机异养型光合细菌A液和光能无机自养型光合细菌B液,将A液和B液配合成复合光合细菌,将其投放到鱼塘水中,结果表明按2%投放复合光合细菌对鱼塘水净化效果最佳,其中对NH3—N去除率88.89%;对H2S去除率91.67%。     

复合光合细菌处理抗生素废水的影响因素研究

采用接触氧化反应器,通过低负荷法成功培养驯化复合光合细菌。并研究了进水COD浓度、pH值、水力停留时间、复合菌配比(光合细菌:活性污泥)对复合光合细菌的影响,通过正交及对比实验确定各因素的最佳控制条件。结果表明:复合光合细菌处理抗生素废水在pH=8.0,HRT=48h,复合菌配比为1∶1时,反应达到最佳状态,进水COD为6000mg/L,出水COD去除率达80.7%。     

絮凝颗粒化菌藻系统净化缓流微污染河水

采用铁镁改性粉煤灰絮凝剂絮凝沉淀得到光合细菌和小球藻絮凝颗粒,然后通过颗粒化菌藻系统进行了缓流微污染水体原水净化处理,优化了絮凝剂投加量,研究了水力停留时间(HRT)和菌、藻比对污染物去除效果的影响。结果表明,菌液(藻液)中絮凝剂质量浓度达到500 mg/L以上即可使光合细菌和小球藻絮凝率均超过94%;光合细菌、小球藻絮体颗粒总投加量为0.5%(体积比),HRT为48 h,菌/藻比(体积比)为1:1时,COD、氨氮、总氮和总磷的去除率分别达到59.86%～62.16%、61.35%～63.72%、76.98%～79.42%和65.48%～68.32%,出水中COD、氨氮、总氮和总磷浓度分别为1.75～4.31 mg/L、0.18～0.59 mg/L、0.30～0.96 mg/L和0.05～0.09 mg/L,系统具有稳定的净化效果。     

好氧污泥-固定化光合细菌联合处理皂素废水研究

对比好氧污泥-固定化光合细菌和好氧污泥-未固定化光合细菌联合处理皂素废水的处理效果.实验结果表明:固定化光合细菌耐受的COD浓度范围明显增大,耐氯性达到20 000 mg/L,适宜的pH范围变宽为5.0～9.0.对于COD浓度为5000 mg· L-1 ～30000 mg·L-1的皂素废水,投加5％ V固定光合细菌∶V活性污泥=1 mL·mL-1∶1 mL·mL-1的接种量,好氧污泥-固定化光合细菌联合处理其CODcr去除率稳定在97％～ 99％,光合细菌的流失量大大减少,且固液分离效果好.     

黑臭水净化菌株的筛选及其水质改善能力

生活污水的过度排放引起的水体黑臭是一个亟待解决的环境问题.为建立黑臭水的微生物净化方法,从不同重污染水体或底泥中筛选获得了多种光合细菌,分析发现其中10种光合细菌(P1～P10)及其混合菌(Pm)对黑臭指标有改善效果.黑臭水厌氧光照净化试验结果表明,菌液投加量为1.0%,3 d后光合细菌P1,P2,P3,P4,P8,P9和Pm对人工黑臭水COD_Cr,NH₃-N,S2-,色阈值及臭阈值去除率分别为75.00%～ 82.00%,24.20%～27.97%,72.03%～87.89%,58.90%～69.08%和75.29%～87.89%,其中P9的效果最好.黑臭水兼性厌氧光照净化试验结果表明,菌液投加量为1.0%,3 d后光合细菌P2,P3,P4,P8,P9和Pm对人工黑臭水中的COD_Cr,NH₃-N,S2-,色阈值及臭阈值去除率分别为60.67%～79.92%,35.92%～40.16%,72.03%～82.93%,58.25%～66.55%和75.29%～85.09%,　ρ(DO)由0.54 mg/L增至1.80～2.63 mg/L,其中P2和P9的效果最好.经鉴定P9为沼泽红假单胞菌.研究发现,在菌液投加量为0.1%,30 ℃,厌氧光照条件下P9可明显改善水的黑臭指标.      

固定化光合细菌技术及其运用的研究进展

利用光合细菌处理污染并回收资源是国内外研究的热点。文章介绍了光合细菌的基本性质和主要的固定化方法,对现有光合细菌固定化的研究进行了分析和整合,发现包埋、吸附、聚集-交联是光合细菌最常用的3种固定化方法,其中包埋法占60%。对这3种固定化方法的原理、材料和应用范围进行了分析和总结。最后对固定化光合细菌主要的应用方向进行了介绍,并对于未来光合细菌的固定化的研究提出了建议与展望。     

碳氮源对光合细菌混合菌群产氢性能的影响

碳源和氮源是产氢光合细菌生长发育过程中不可缺少的营养物质,与光合细菌菌株产氢能力相关。以从花园土壤中富集分离出来的光合细菌混合菌群为研究对象,在血清瓶中于30℃下采用厌氧培养方式间歇培养8天,分别考察不同的碳源、氮源、碳氮源组合及其浓度变化对光合细菌产氢行为的影响。结果表明,碳氮源种类对光合细菌产氢能力有显著影响,与氮源相比,碳源对产氢量的影响更为显著,最佳碳源为葡萄糖,最佳氮源为草酸铵。最佳碳氮源组合为葡萄糖和谷氨酸钠组合,葡萄糖和谷氨酸钠浓度分别为3g/L和1g/L时,产氢量和最大产氢速率分别达41.35mLH2/(L-培养基)和0.328mLH2/(L-培养基·h)。研究结果为进一步探索产氢光合细菌生长的营养生理奠定了基础,对大规模培养条件的优化提供了依据。     

光合细菌两段流化床处理鸡粪粪水的研究

光合细菌对高浓度有机废水具有较好的适应性和处理能力,特别是作为一个预处理工艺对后续污水处理可以产生重要的影响。鉴于光合细菌生长时间相对较长,为提高光合细菌对高浓度有机污水的处理效率,本研究利用光合细菌两段流化床反应器对鸡粪粪水进行降解。试验结果表明:经过60 d的启动运行后,反应器进入稳定状态,在进水pH值6.0,COD小于10000mg/L范围内,流化床水力停留时间(HRT)为48 h时,对废水COD去除率为88.10%,TN去除率为68.29%,NH3-N去除率为94.42%,NO3-N去除率为65.43%。     

沼泽红假单胞菌在蓝藻基质中的生长潜势和碳氮磷利用

为同步高效利用废弃蓝藻和产出活性光合细菌,研究了蓝藻基质中沼泽红假单胞菌（Rhodopseudomonaspalustris）的生长潜势和碳氮磷转化规律.结果表明,温度30℃,光照2000lx,蓝藻浓度>0.87g/L,即可促进R.palustris PUF1生长;蓝藻浓度3g/L,培养108h,PUF1OD₆₅₀虽低于ATYP培养基,但细菌叶绿素a（Bchl a）浓度与ATYP基质相当,表明蓝藻基质可能促进了PUF1光合色素的合成.在细菌对数期后期补加小分子有机酸显著促进蓝藻基质中PUF1再生长,252,444h OD₆₅₀分别是培养108h的191.75%和269.24%,Bchl a分别是108h的206.68%和276.17%.444h蓝藻基质中OD₆₅₀和Bchl a分别是ATYP基质中的130.88%和160.62%,表明长期培养条件下应用天然蓝藻基质更适宜活性PUF1培育.通过分析干物质和藻液中的碳氮磷含量和浓度发现,蓝藻基质中可供给PUF1直接利用的溶解性碳氮磷浓度不平衡,表现为氮充足,碳少量,磷限制.提高蓝藻基质中生物可利用碳浓度对强化光合细菌生长和碳氮磷利用具有重要意义.     

沼泽红假单胞菌在蓝藻基质中的生长潜势和碳氮磷利用

为同步高效利用废弃蓝藻和产出活性光合细菌,研究了蓝藻基质中沼泽红假单胞菌（Rhodopseudomonaspalustris）的生长潜势和碳氮磷转化规律.结果表明,温度30℃,光照2000lx,蓝藻浓度>0.87g/L,即可促进R.palustris PUF1生长;蓝藻浓度3g/L,培养108h,PUF1OD₆₅₀虽低于ATYP培养基,但细菌叶绿素a（Bchl a）浓度与ATYP基质相当,表明蓝藻基质可能促进了PUF1光合色素的合成.在细菌对数期后期补加小分子有机酸显著促进蓝藻基质中PUF1再生长,252,444h OD₆₅₀分别是培养108h的191.75%和269.24%,Bchl a分别是108h的206.68%和276.17%.444h蓝藻基质中OD₆₅₀和Bchl a分别是ATYP基质中的130.88%和160.62%,表明长期培养条件下应用天然蓝藻基质更适宜活性PUF1培育.通过分析干物质和藻液中的碳氮磷含量和浓度发现,蓝藻基质中可供给PUF1直接利用的溶解性碳氮磷浓度不平衡,表现为氮充足,碳少量,磷限制.提高蓝藻基质中生物可利用碳浓度对强化光合细菌生长和碳氮磷利用具有重要意义.     

Framing the private land conservation conversation: Strategic framing of the benefits of conservation participation could increase landholder engagement

How conservation messages are framed will impact the success of our efforts to engage people in conservation action. This is highly relevant in the private land conservation (PLC) sector given the low participation rates of landholders. Using a case study of PLC schemes targeted at Australian landholders, we present the first systematic analysis of communication strategies used by organisations and government departments delivering those schemes to engage the public. We develop a novel approach for analysing the framing of conservation messages that codes the stated benefits of schemes according to value orientation. We categorised the benefits as flowing to either the landholder, to society, or to the environment, corresponding to the egoistic, altruistic and biospheric value orientations that have been shown to influence human behaviour. We find that messages are biased towards environmental benefits. Surprisingly, this is the case even for market-based schemes that have the explicit objective of appealing to production-focussed landholders and those who are not already involved in conservation. The risk is that PLC schemes framed in this way will fail to engage more egoistically oriented landholders and are only likely to appeal to those likely to already be conservation-minded. By understanding the frame in which PLC benefits are communicated, we can begin to understand the types of people who may be engaged by these messages, and who may not be. Results suggest that the framing of the communications for many schemes could be broadened to appeal to a more diverse group (and thus ultimately to a larger group) of landholders.     

加强食品安全建设的战略思考

食品安全是关系国计民生的大事.该文分析了我国食品安全问题产生的原因,提出了推进食品安全建设的思路:加强环境整治;加强从业人员的社会责任和职业道德建设;加强市场的准入管制;加强检验检测体系建设;加强法制建设;加强宣传教育;加强监管体系建设.     

论我国用汞总量的削减

分析比较了我国的用汞数量、世界汞的产量及用量的统计数据,从汞本身的污染危害性,我国用汞和污染现状及发展趋势,以及应对全球限汞、禁汞趋势等方面论述了我国用汞总量亟待削减和削减的可行性。并以体温计行业为例,提出了我国削减用汞总量的具体建议:控制生产规模,慎批新建涉汞加工利用的生产项目,并逐渐淘汰生产规模过小的企业;充分运用法律和行政管理手段,逐渐提升对涉汞企业的要求,将最低环保门槛与择优审批相结合;严格限制某些含汞产品的销售和使用;大力推广替代产品和技术;组织对废弃产品中的汞进行集中回收和处置;修订和制订相关涉汞标准;制订我国涉汞行业的用汞削减规划和相应的产业调整计划,逐步限汞,最终禁汞。      

Analysis of the hydrocyclone stock cleaning process for wasted fibre in a paper mill

The main objective of this project was to evaluate the possibility of reducing the quantity of fibre wasted at one of many hydrocyclone (centrifugal) cleaning processes in a paper mill. It was found that the application of elutriation water to both the tertiary and quaternary cleaners was essential to minimise the fibre discharged to the sewer, and the pressure of this elutriation water had a dramatic effect of reducing the fibre wastage. Accordingly, it has been shown that 150–160 kPa as the optimum pressure range to apply elutriation water to minimise the product grade fibre wasted whilst sending undesired shive fibre to the sewer. Also, monitoring of the press uhle box wastewater revealed that the paper mill has the potential to make substantial cost savings by reducing the waste stream. Further investigation is necessary to determine the types of fibre that are being wasted, and the viability of a screen to recycle the wasted fibre to the process. However, these fibres may be unsuitable to reuse in the process and alternative uses must be found.     

Mini-review on river eutrophication and bottom improvement techniques,with special emphasis on the Nakdong River

Water quality in rivers is vital to humans and to maintenance of biotic and ecological integrity. During the Four Major Rivers restoration of South Korea, remarkable attempts have been made to decrease external nutrient loads and moveable weirs were designed to discharge silt that may deposit in pools. However, recently eutrophication of the Nakdong River, which was limited to the lower reaches, is seen to be spreading upstream. The reduction of external nutrient loads to rivers is a long-term goal that is unlikely to lead to reductions in algal blooms for many years because of the time required to implement effective land management strategies. It would therefore be desirable to implement complementary strategies. Regulating the amount of water released is effective at preventing algae blooms in weir pools; so, the relationship between discharge, stratification and bloom formation should be understood in this regard. However, pollutants are likely to accumulate in the riverbed upstream from release points. Thus, to control phosphorus levels, total phosphorus density should be lowered by applying in-river techniques as well. As many ecosystem properties are controlled by multiple processes, simultaneous river bottom improvement techniques, such as combined dissolved oxygen supply and nutrient inactivation, are likely to be effective. The purpose of this review is to present a series of technological approaches that can be used to improve the river bottom area and hence sediment nutrient release, and to illustrate the application of these techniques to the Nakdong River.     

试谈突发环境污染事件的舆论引导

突发环境污染事件的舆论引导,是政府特别是环保部门应对突发环境污染事件,降低其对环境造成严重污染和破坏,减少对人身和财产造成重大损失的重要举措。本文全面分析了突发环境污染事件舆论引导工作的现实意义、基本要求,并提出建立突发环境污染事件的舆论引导机制。     

The recycling cycle of materials as a design project tool

Currently, a large number of companies consider recycling of materials as an opportunity to maximize profits and to reduce the environmental impact generated by these materials after they are disposed. However, there is also a strong constraint on the use of recycled materials mainly due to the lack of technical/scientific information, which would relate their physical properties to their recycling cycle. This information should be used in the initial phase of the product design to serve as reference for the simulation of a project to point out the physical properties obtained from recycling the Projected material (Pm). Thus, it would be possible to foresee some recycling strategy to keep the good characteristics of recycled materials by encouraging their use, regardless of the product to be designed.Therefore, the Recycling Cycle of Materials (RCM) is a tool that provides scientific/technical support in the selection of materials. It uses the information related to the physical properties of the Pm as a parameter for product design after five recycling cycles. For the case study, this tool has been applied to obtain the basic material of ABS/PC blend. Subsequently, this blend was evaluated using DSC, FTIR, traction and impact methods to obtain delimiting data for the definition of the mechanical properties resulting from the application of RCM.     

关于排污许可固定污染源全覆盖的实现

随着对排污许可固定污染源全覆盖的理解逐步深化,排污许可在实践中不断深入推进。一是突破"片面覆盖",不再仅仅服务于总量控制和仅适用于部分地区;二是关注点从"排放"转移到"控制",实现污染物"全覆盖",从水、大气扩展到其他污染物;三是关注点从"许可"到"许可制",名录增加了登记管理类别,实现排污单位"全覆盖";四是关注点从"发证"到"监管",实现排污许可要求从纸面到实际的"全覆盖"。     

Mini-review on river eutrophication and bottom improvement techniques, with special emphasis on the Nakdong River

Water quality in rivers is vital to humans and to maintenance of biotic and ecological integrity.During the Four Major Rivers restoration of South Korea, remarkable attempts have been made to decrease external nutrient loads and moveable weirs were designed to discharge silt that may deposit in pools. However, recently eutrophication of the Nakdong River, which was limited to the lower reaches, is seen to be spreading upstream. The reduction of external nutrient loads to rivers is a long-term goal that is unlikely to lead to reductions in algal blooms for many years because of the time required to implement effective land management strategies. It would therefore be desirable to implement complementary strategies. Regulating the amount of water released is effective at preventing algae blooms in weir pools; so, the relationship between discharge, stratification and bloom formation should be understood in this regard. However, pollutants are likely to accumulate in the riverbed upstream from release points. Thus, to control phosphorus levels, total phosphorus density should be lowered by applying in-river techniques as well. As many ecosystem properties are controlled by multiple processes, simultaneous river bottom improvement techniques, such as combined dissolved oxygen supply and nutrient inactivation, are likely to be effective. The purpose of this review is to present a series of technological approaches that can be used to improve the river bottom area and hence sediment nutrient release, and to illustrate the application of these techniques to the Nakdong River.     

浅析生态文明理念对内蒙古草原旅游资源开发重要性

生态文明是继农业、工业文明之后,适应新形势而提出的.以直接解决与人类生存相关的生态问题为己任,用于指引人们实现可持续发展为目标.在内蒙古地区,草原是最具内蒙古特色和开发价值的资源,然而在近几十年的开发中严重违反了生态文明理念,以致出现草场退化、生物生存危机等状况.在当前内蒙古草原出现的严重问题的情况下,很有必要去探寻生态文明理念的重要价值.结合中国传统文化中天时地利人和的重要思想,实现在“因时制宜、因地制宜、以人为本及各方因素协调共促”理念下新的草原开发.