UV/H_2O_2及联合技术在环境保护中的研究进展

过氧化氢为高级氧化中常用的氧化剂,和紫外光结合时,易于形成羟基自由基,氧化能力增强。UV/H2O2、UV/H2O2/O3、Fe2+/H2O2/UV高级氧化技术联合工艺,能产生氧化性极强的羟基自由基,从而能有效地分解一些单独使用H2O2不能分解或分解效率较差的有机污染物和无机污染物。UV/H2O2治理烟道气污染物NOx目前正处于研究阶段,投入使用还需进一步研究。     

UV/H_2O_2高级氧化技术在水处理中的研究进展

本文主要讨论了UV/H2O2高级氧化技术去除有机物的机理,在有机废水、饮用水处理中的应用进展。UV/H2O2工艺对水中生物难降解的有机污染物具有很好的处理效果,其主要影响因素包括污染物的初始浓度、紫外光波长及强度、H2O2投加浓度、pH、光照时间、浊度、水中存在的阴离子等。     

O3/H2O2氧化页岩气产出水有机物动力学及机理研究

对O3/H2O2氧化页岩气产出水降解有机物动力学、特征污染物苯胺降解动力学及机理进行实验分析,研究结果表明：页岩气产出水有机物、苯胺降解符合一级反应动力学;臭氧分子的分解符合零级反应动力学。通过液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）分析O3/H2O2氧化苯胺降解过程中间产物,发现O3/H2O2氧化法不能完全 将页岩气产出水矿化为二氧化碳和水,只是将复杂有机物分子转化为结构简单的直链烷烃或者羧酸类物质,需与其他氧化方式相结合才可将有机物完全去除,并提出了降解返排液中苯胺的两条可能途径,为O3/H2O2氧化工艺实际应用提供理论依据。     

UV/H_2O_2联用工艺降解小分子羧酸的研究

UV/H2O2联用工艺相对单独UV工艺和单独H2O2工艺对羧酸的降解率更高,主要是由于UV激发H2O2产生了氧化性更强的羟基自由基。通过在不同H2O2浓度下UV/H2O2联用工艺对甲酸、草酸、水杨酸三种小分子羧酸的降解实验发现,不同种类的羧酸存在一个最适H2O2浓度。低于最适浓度,H2O2浓度每增加一定值,羧酸的最大降解率增加量随之增加;高于最适浓度,最大降解率增加量随之减少。UV/H2O2工艺对小分子羧酸的降解率与羧酸分子的结构和相对分子质量有关,结构越复杂,相对分子质量越高,小分子羧酸的降解率越低。     

光助氧化技术在水处理中应用

对UV／H2O2技术、UV／O3技术、UV／O3／H2O2技术、photo—Fenton技术以及UV／TiO2技术进行了总结,对不同技术的原理、研究进展及应用进行了评述,并对今后光助氧化技术的研究方向提出了一些建议。     

光化学氧化法对阴离子表面活性剂降解的初步研究

本试验采用UV/H2O2光氧化法处理含有较高浓度阴离子表面活性剂（LAS）的模拟废水，研究了H2O2投加量、pH值、光照时间、紫外灯光强对LAS降解率的影响。     

光催化氧化法降解直链十二烷基苯磺酸钠的研究

本文采用紫外光—双氧水 (UV/H2 O2 )氧化过程并加入亚铁盐作催化剂 ,对直链十二烷基苯磺酸钠 (LAS)的光催化氧化降解进行了研究。从实际应用出发 ,实验得出影响LAS降解的各因素的最佳取值及影响显著性次序。     

多元催化氧化处理石化碱渣废水的研究

多元催化氧化技术实现了常温常压下有机物的氧化分解,催化氧化反应所产生的大量羟基自由基(·OH)具有极强的氧化能力,与不能或很难被生物降解的有机物都可以发生快速的链式反应,无选择地将高浓度难降解的有机物开环断链,氧化成简单的有机物、CO2和H2O。采用多元催化氧化装置处理石化碱渣废水,原水CODCr在4285~42,300mg/L之间,经催化氧化处理后,CODCr降至2000mg/L以下,出水水质稳定,为生化处理出水CODCr达标排放提供了可靠的技术保证。     

UV-H_2O_2联用工艺去除水中阿特拉津的研究

采用间歇式反应器考察了UV-H2O2高级氧化技术去除水中阿特拉津的效果及其影响因素,并进行了相关的反应动力学研究。结果表明,在pH值6.9,阿特拉津初始浓度500μg/L,紫外辐照强度172μW/cm2时,H2O2投加量50mg/L,反应10min后,阿特拉津的去除率90%。UV-H2O2联用工艺对阿特拉津的降解符合一级反应动力学。H2O2在该联用工艺降解阿特拉津中具有双重作用,一方面,当H2O2投加量较小时,一级反应速率常数随H2O2投加量的增加基本呈现线性增加的趋势;另一方面,当H2O2浓度增加到一定程度(90mg/L)后,阿特拉津的降解速率随H2O2浓度的变化已不明显,而H2O2浓度为102mg/L时,则出现了抑制作用。     

ClO2去除废水中石油类污染物的研究

就如何使用ClO2和O3对水中石油类污染物氧化去除进行了研究，确定了最佳反应时间、pH和氧化剂用量对去除率的影响。ClO2的最佳投加量应为有机物总量的1．5倍，反应时间可控制在20min上。ClO2处理pH5．0～6．5溶液时的去除效果最好。同时进行了O3的对照实验。分析了ClO2和O3在水处理应用中的优缺点。     

Photocatalytic degradation of disperse blue 1 using UV/TiO2/H2O2 process

The photocatalytic degradation of a dye derivative, C.I. disperse blue 1 (1), has been investigated under UV light irradiation in the presence of TiO2 and H2O2 under a variety of conditions. The degradation was studied by monitoring the change in substrate concentration employing UV spectroscopic technique as a function of irradiation time. The degradation was studied under different conditions such as different types of TiO2, reaction pH, catalyst and substrate concentration containing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), besides molecular oxygen in the presence of TiO2. The degradation of dye was also investigated under sunlight and the efficiency of degradation was compared with that of the artificial light source. The degradation rates were found to be strongly influenced by all the above parameters. The photocatalyst Degussa P25 was found to be more efficient for the degradation of the dye.     

H2O2／Fe2＋氧化偶合混凝法处理干膜废水的研究

本文研究了H     

纳米Ag-TiO2/SiO2薄膜催化剂的制备及其性能研究

以硅胶为载体,采用溶胶凝胶—光还原法制备了掺杂Ag的TiO2薄膜催化剂（Ag-TiO2/SiO2）;以甲基橙为目标降解物,对其光催化活性进行了考察。实验结果表明,Ag改性的TiO2／SiO2薄膜光催化性能是未改性催化剂性能的2．06倍。以XRD、SEM、BET等手段进行表征,结果表明Ag的掺杂会促进薄膜催化剂中的Ti02由锐钛型向金红石型转变,同时Ag对电子的捕获使电子一空穴对有效分离,导致了其催化活性的提高。     

Gasification of Inferior Coal with High Ash Content under CO2 and O2/H2O Atmospheres

The gasification reaction of Nantong inferior coal was investigated in a laboratory fixed-bed reactor under CO₂ and O₂/H₂O atmospheres. The effects of the bed temperature and inlet-gas concentration on the yields of CO, H₂, and CH₄ were studied. The effects of coal ash and particle size on the fixed-carbon conversion were also investigated, and kinetic analysis was conducted with a homogeneous model. The product-gas-heating value and fixed-carbon conversion increased when the temperature was increased from 950 °C to 1100 °C under CO₂ atmosphere. When the inlet-CO₂ concentration was increased from 50 to 100 vol.%, the low heating value of the product gas and carbon conversion ratio slightly increased. During the gasification of inferior coal under the O₂/H₂O atmosphere, the CO concentration increased rapidly with increasing temperature. The H₂ and CH₄ concentrations increased initially and then decreased. The maximum gas heating value of 7934 kJ/m³ was obtained under the O₂ concentration of 70 vol.% at a bed temperature of 1050 °C. The cold-gas efficiency increased with increasing temperature and became 40.6% and 86.4% at 1100 °C under the CO₂ and O₂/H₂O atmospheres, respectively. The gasification reaction of the Nantong inferior coal strongly depended on the content of inherent inorganic matter. The gasification rates for both the CO₂ and O₂/H₂O atmospheres were independent of the particle size. The activation energy for the CO₂ and O₂/H₂O gasification reactions were 137 and 81 kJ/mol, respectively. The gasification reactions of the Nantong coal, which was performed under two different atmospheres, were compared and the reaction activity of the gasification reaction under CO₂ atmosphere was found to be much lower than that under the O₂/H₂O atmosphere.     

改性纤维素对电镀废水中Cu2＋，Zn2＋，Ni2＋的捕集

制备并研究了改性纤维素对Cu2 、Zn2 、Ni2 3种重金属离子的捕集效果.研究了反应时间、药剂用量、pH值、反应温度对其效果的影响.结果表明,在pH值为中性或碱性,反应温度为25℃时,改性纤维素对重金属离子具有较好的捕集效果.今后可进一步根据物质结构与性能的关系对天然高分子进行改性,并加强应用的研究.