绿色生态滤池处理城镇污水的中试研究

绿色生态滤池是一种利用由微生物和蚯蚓为代表的微型动物共同组成的人工生态系统对城镇污水中的污染物质进行降解处理的新型环保技术。该生态滤池由布水区、蚯蚓滤床和排水区三部分组成，集物理过滤、吸附、好氧和厌氧生物处理以及污泥堆肥处理等诸多处理功能于一身。本研究中生态滤池处理城镇污水的ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率达８３％～８８％，ＢＯＤ５去除率达９１％～９６％，ＳＳ去除率达８５％～９２％，氨氮去除率达５５％～６５％。具     

厌氧—好氧生物滤池处理城镇污水的研究

厌氧－好氧高性能生物滤池是利用附着在塑料模块填料上的微生物系统对城镇污水中的污染物质进行降解处理。厌氧水解池和高负荷生物滤池采用的塑料模块填料具肮空隙率、高附着面积、高布水性能和抗堵塞的优异性能，使出无需回流。当厌氧水解池水力仪时间国４ｈ，生物滤澉水力负荷为３０ｍ＾３／（ｍ＾２．ｄ），城镇污水的ＣＯＤｃｒ去作率达７５％～８５％、ＢＯＤ５去除率达８５％、９５％，ＳＳ去除率达８５％～９０５％，处理后出     

曝气调节-水解酸化-生物接触氧化工艺处理城镇生活污水

介绍了采用曝气调节-水解酸化-两级生物接触氧化为主的工艺处理城镇生活污水的工程实例。经过调试运行,污水处理系统运行稳定,工艺运行成本低,污染物处理效果好。其中COD、BOD5、SS与氨氮去除率均在85%以上,出水水质优于GB 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级排放标准。     

一体化农村生活污水处理技术应用研究

介绍了采用一体化处理装置处理农村生活污水的情况,详细介绍了该工艺的处理流程和处理效果,通过一体化装置组合人工湿地工艺可实现COD、NH3-N和TP的去除率分别达64.73%、98.30%、72.87%,出水稳定达GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准。     

污水处理与回用新工艺——A/O系统在污水处理与回用中的应用

目前常用的污水生物处理技术旨在降低污水中以 COD、BOD 综合指标等表示的含碳有机物和悬浮固体浓度。但对于城市污水和—些含氮、含磷工业废水,经过生物二级处理后,有来自机物和悬浮物的去除率,虽然可达85%以上。但在一般情况下,氮的去除率却只有20%,磷的去除率就更低。因此,二级处理出水中还含有氮(氨氮)、有机氮和磷(溶解性磷,有机     

低耗高效城镇污水处理研发新进展——以厌氧生物处理为核心技术的城镇污水处理成套工艺中试研究

介绍以厌氧生物为核心技术的城镇污水处理成套工艺中试研究。HABR处理城镇污水 ,容积负荷控制在1～ 2kg m3·d,CODCr去除率可达 70 %～ 80 % ,出水CODCr和SS的浓度可达到污水综合排放标准的二级标准 ,经后续好氧处理后 ,出水CODCr和SS的浓度可达一级排放标准。试验结果表明 ,以厌氧生物为核心技术、好氧生物为后续处理的成套工艺 ,具有低耗高效、管理简便的特点 ,适合于我国城镇污水处理。试验获取的技术参数可作为工程设计的依据。     

生物陶粒-硅藻土联合工艺脱氮除磷

试验采用硅藻土和生物接触氧化组合工艺处理污水处理厂出水,氨氮从10mg/L下降到0.5mg/L以下,去除率70～95%;硅藻土澄清池对总磷的去除率高于95%;且对浊度、色度均有良好的去除效果.     

海绵铁复合填料强化SBR工艺处理城镇污水研究

以城镇污水为处理对象,通过固定化生物铁填料法对SBR工艺的强化对比试验,考察了海绵铁复合填料应用于污水处理脱氮除磷的优越性。结果表明,装填有海绵铁复合载体填料的微生物固定化体系对污水的处理效果好于普通的SBR反应器:COD和氨氮的平均去除率提高了4%~6%;出水TN浓度值降低了10~20mg/L,且系统稳定效果更好;除磷效率高达92.7%,相比提高了70%以上。同时还设计了海绵铁投加量单因素影响试验对该工艺进行了优化,结果表明:当海绵铁的投加量为120 g/L时,此生物固定化体系对城镇污水的处理效果最佳。     

气浮+A~2/O+MBR工艺在制药废水处理中的应用

制药废水组分复杂,有机物浓度较高。采用气浮+A2/O+MBR工艺处理制药废水,运行结果表明,COD去除率达92%以上,BOD5去除率达95%以上,氨氮去除率达85%以上,总磷去除率达89%以上,且MBR出水浊度小,跨膜压差低,系统运行稳定。     

二段生物接触氧化法处理生活污水

主要分析了二段生物接触氧化法处理机理及其主要工艺参数设计 ;列举了其在处理生活污水中的应用 ,并将该法与普通活性污泥法处理情况作比较。二段生物接触氧化法处理效果稳定 ,体积负荷高 ,处理时间短 ,占地面积小 ,运行操作管理简便 ,特别适用于厂矿企业及小城镇的生活污水处理。对生活污水而言 ,CODCr去除率可达 80 % ,BOD5去除率可达 85 % ,水力停留时间只需 0 5～ 1h。     

活性污泥驯化技术与高浓度CTMP废水生物处理的研究

为探讨活性污泥处理高浓度ＣＴＭＰ制浆造纸废水,研究了活性污泥驯化工艺的良性对生物系统污泥沉降性能及处理效果产生的影响。３个月多的运行试验结果表明,改良后的污泥驯化工艺即间歇式与连续式进料相结合的污泥驯化工艺能够明显改善污泥沉降性能,污泥的ＳＶ３０为２９９０－３２０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＳＶＩ为４８－５５ｍｌ／ｇ,并显著增加处理效果,ＣＯＤ去除率７７％－８５％,ＢＯＤ５去除率９０％－９５％,ＴＳＳ去除率７５％－     

新型废水处理工艺--人工湿地的设计方法

根据水流形态的不同,人工湿地可以分为地表流工艺和地下潜流工艺,人工湿地实际上是一种推流式生物反应器,一般利用芦苇作为供氧手段,人工湿地具有良好的净化废水功能,BOD去除率达85—95％,SS去除率达90％,氨氮和磷的去除率约为40—50％,而其基建和运行费用仅为传统二级处理的1/10—1/2.本文介绍了人工湿地的设计方法.     

微氧水解酸化工艺处理高浓度抗生素废水

试验研究了高浓度难生物降解抗生素废水微氧水解酸化效果.结果表明,微氧环境提高了兼性水解酸化菌的生理代谢功能,曝气搅拌改善了水力条件,在最短HRT为10h ,最大OLR为20kg/(m³·d)条件下,酸化率为58.64%,出水VFA为4825mg/L ,极大地改善了废水的生物降解性能,BOD₅/COD升高了17%左右,为后续好氧生物处理提供了良好的基质准备.在进水水质波动较大的情况下,出水水质相对稳定,出水COD和SS浓度分别为7000～8000mg/L和150～300mg/L ,COD和SS去除率分别为15%～30%和90%～95%.出水VFA的变化滞后于酸化率的变化,酸化率能更好地表征水解酸化系统的效果.反应器底部的污泥床层是VFA生成的主要反应区,随着OLR的升高,达到稳定VFA浓度的反应器高度逐渐增加.填料区功能主要在于截留出水中的SS.污泥以粒径为0.5～1.0mm之间的小颗粒污泥和絮状污泥为主.     

Synchronous municipal sewerage-sludge stabilization

IntroductionThemainpurposeofwastewatertreatmentistoremovesolidsandBODfromthewastewaterbeforetheliquideffluentisreleasedtoaconvenient,nearbybodyofwater.Whatremainstobedisposedofisamixtureofsolidsandwater,calledsludge.Thecollection,processing,anddisposalofsludgecanbethemostcostlyandcomplexaspectofwastewatertreatment.Manydevelopingcountriescannotaffordthecostofthesludgewastingline.Thereforetheaimoftheresearchwastodevelopasystemthatcansimultaneouslyachievewastewaterandsludgestabilizationusinginn…     

Experimental study on pressurized activated sludge process for high concentration pesticide wastewater

Pressurized biochemical process derived from traditional activated sludge processes is an innovative technology for wastewater treatment. The main advantage of the pressurized process is that the oxygen transfer barrier can be overcome by increasing the dissolved oxygen level. In this study, high concentration pesticide wastewater was treated by pressurized activated sludge process. It was found that the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) increased steadily with the increase of operating pressure, aeration time, and sludge concentration. When the operation pressure was 0.30 MPa and the aeration time was 6 hr, 85.0%–92.5% COD, corresponding to an effluent COD of 230–370 mg/L, was removed from an influent COD of 2500–5000 mg/L. The obtained outlet COD concentration was lower than 350–450 mg/L for the identical process operated under the atmospheric pressure. In addition, pressurized biochemical process could produce a higher COD volumetric loading rate at 5.8–7.6 kg COD/(m3·day), compared with 2.0–2.8 kg COD/(m3·day) using the same equipment at the atmospheric pressure. The COD concentration followed a modified Monod model with Vmax 2.31 day-1 and KS 487 mg/L.     

Better understanding of the activated sludge process combining fluorescence-based methods and flow cytometry: A case study

This study aims to demonstrate the validity of fluorescence-based methods, together with flow cytometry, as a complementary tool to conventional physicochemical analyses carried out in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), for the control of the currently largely unknown activated sludge process. Staining with SYTO 9, propidium iodide and 5-(and 6)-carboxy-2′,7′-difluorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (carboxy-H₂DFFDA) was used for cell viability and oxidative stress monitoring of the bacterial population forming the activated sludge of a WWTP. Throughout the period of research, several unstable periods were detected, where the non-viable bacteria exceeded the 75% of the total bacterial population in the activated sludge, but only in one case the cells with oxidative stress grew to 9%, exceeding the typical values of 2%–5% of this plant. These periods coincided in two cases with high values of total suspended solids (SST) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the effluent, and with an excess of ammonia in other case. A correlation between flow cytometric and physicochemical data was found, which enabled to clarify the possible origin of each case of instability in the biological system. This experience supports the application of bacterial fluorescence staining, together with flow cytometric analysis, as a simple, rapid and reliable tool for the control and better understanding of the bacteria dynamics in a biological wastewater treatment process.     

SBR反应器中全自养硝化颗粒污泥的特性研究

在SBR反应器中接种硝化污泥,研究了污泥颗粒化过程中某些性能的变化,包括沉降性能、胞外聚合物、氧利用速率等.结果表明,当SBR沉淀时间由39min缩短至10min时,污泥SVI由接种时的110mL/g降低至24～42mL/g.EPS(以VSS计)中蛋白质含量由接种时的163mg/g增长到250～270mg/g;而EPS中多糖变化不大,基本在20～30mg/g;硝化颗粒污泥中EPS的蛋白质/多糖的比例基本在9～13左右.反应器中污泥浓度(以VSS计)约2.5g/L,VSS/SS基本保持在85%～90%.在反应器运行初期,污泥中氨氧化菌的活性(SOUR-A)和亚硝酸氧化菌的活性(SOUR-N)不断升高,在第17d,SOUR-A和SOUR-N分别达到259mg/(g·h)和119mg/(g·h);为接种污泥的2.4和5.3倍.当硝化颗粒形成且粒径不断增大后,污泥的SOUR-A和SOUR-N开始降低.污泥中异养菌的活性(SOUR-H)和内源呼吸活性(SOUR-E)在颗粒化过程中都保持在10mg/(g·h).     

Nitrogen removal from coal gasification wastewater by activated carbon technologies combined with short-cut nitrogen removal process

A system combining granular activated carbon and powdered activated carbon technologies along with shortcut biological nitrogen removal （GAC-PACT-SBNR） was developed to enhance total nitrogen （TN） removal for anaerobically treated coal gasification wastewater with less need for external carbon resources. The TN removal efficiency in SBNR was significantly improved by introducing the effluent from the GAC process into SBNR during the anoxic stage, with removal percentage increasing from 43.8%49.6% to 68.8%-75.8%. However, the TN removal rate decreased with the progressive deterioration of GAC adsorption. After adding activated sludge to the GAG compartment, the granular carbon had a longer service-life and the demand for external carbon resources became lower. Eventually, the TN removal rate in SBNR was almost constant at approx. 43.3%, as compared to approx. 20.0% before seeding with sludge. In addition, the production of some alkalinity during the denitrification resulted in a net savings in alkalinity requirements for the nitrification reaction and refractory chemical oxygen demand （COD） degradation by autotrophic bacteria in SBNR under oxic conditions. PACT showed excellent resilience to increasing organic loadings. The microbial community analysis revealed that the PACT had a greater variety of bacterial taxons and the dominant species associated with the three compartments were in good agreement with the removal of typical pollutants. The study demonstrated that pre-adsorption by the GAC-sludge process could be a technically and economically feasible method to enhance TN removal in coal gasification wastewater （CGW）.     

Microwave enhanced chemical reduction process for nitrite-containing wastewater treatment using sulfaminic acid

High-concentration nitrite-containing wastewater that presents extreme toxicity to human health and organisms is difficult to be treated using traditional biological process. In this study, a novel microwave-enhanced chemical reduction process (MECRP) using sulfaminic acid (SA) was proposed as a new manner to treat such type of wastewater. Based on lab-scale experiments, it was shown that 75%-80% nitrite (NO2-) could be removed within time as short as 4 min under 50 W microwave irradiation in pH range 5-10 ...     

污泥性质对微波预处理-厌氧消化的影响及古菌群落结构分析

污泥性质对预处理强化厌氧消化工艺的效果有较大影响.本研究对比了某实际污水厂A~2O工艺和A~2O-MBR工艺产生的剩余污泥在微波预处理-厌氧消化过程中污泥性质的变化与产气效果,并考察了在预处理和厌氧消化过程中污泥的古菌群落结构变化.结果表明,A~2O工艺剩余污泥有机质含量比A~2O-MBR污泥高出16. 4%(分别为66. 4%和50. 0%),SCOD、溶解性蛋白质和多糖分别为后者1. 24、2. 02和4. 84倍,具有更好的可生物降解性.虽然预处理对生物降解性差的A~2O-MBR污泥有机物释放效果更好,但A~2O污泥在微波预处理-厌氧消化后产甲烷量比相应处理后的A~2O-MBR污泥多26. 1%.两种剩余污泥的古菌群落结构差异较大,A~2O-MBR污泥中甲烷丝菌属和甲烷八叠球菌属丰度分别比A~2O污泥多3. 68%和19. 73%.预处理对古菌群落的丰富度和均匀度影响相对较小,但厌氧消化后波动较大.污泥中有机组分不同是引起古菌群落结构变化的重要影响因素.