好氧颗粒污泥处理青霉素废水研究

青霉素在其生产过中产生大量的废水,其COD值较高,生化性较差,成分复杂,微生物难以降解,其处理技术是世界性难题。文章采用以葡萄糖模拟废水培养的好氧颗粒污泥为接种体,经青霉素废水逐步驯化后,使其完全处理青霉素废水。实验结果表明,应用好氧颗粒污泥技术,处理青霉素废水,COD,NH3-N,TP去除率较高,具有很好的处理效果。     

处理含油废水的好氧颗粒污泥形成过程及其特性研究

含油废水中因含有较高浓度的油脂类物质和聚合物而对环境造成危害,威胁人类健康,同时,为解决采用传统膜分离工艺运行成本较高的难题,开展了基于好氧颗粒污泥技术的含油废水处理研究.结果表明,以含油废水启动反应器,经35 d好氧颗粒污泥培养成熟,COD和溶解性油的去除率高达86.0%和94.2%;在絮状污泥颗粒化过程中,污泥胞外聚合物中蛋白质类物质含量提高3.7倍,蛋白质类物质与多糖类物质比值升高到2.72,证明胞外聚合物内蛋白质类物质浓度增加是活性污泥颗粒化的重要因素;好氧颗粒污泥荧光光谱结果显示好氧颗粒污泥中蛋白质类物质的稳定存在是好氧颗粒污泥形成的重要因素.选取好氧颗粒污泥技术处理含油废水的效果和成本均优于常规生物处理工艺和膜分离工艺,由于污泥及其胞外聚合物中多糖类和蛋白质类物质含量均较高,适用于回收污泥资源,对含油污泥的资源化利用意义重大.     

好氧颗粒污泥处理高含盐废水研究

试验采用序批式摇床反应器(SSBR)在高含盐废水中利用不同类型接种污泥培养出了好氧颗粒.结果表明,好氧颗粒污泥能够有效处理高含盐废水并且具有很好的抗盐度冲击能力.当废水盐度小于10 g/L NaCl并且进水基质为葡萄糖时,利用好氧颗粒污泥处理该废水可以取得70.3%～97.6%的TOC去除率.当进水盐度达到35 g/L NaCl并且进水基质为难降解Vc废水时,利用好氧颗粒污泥处理该含盐废水能够取得与相同基质相同运行条件下淡水废水中相似的70%的TOC去除率.试验在含盐废水中得到了粒径为0.5～3 mm的好氧颗粒污泥,其沉降速度大大高于淡水对照组中得到的好氧颗粒污泥沉降速度.相对淡水对照组中好氧颗粒污泥,含盐废水中好氧颗粒具有污泥产率更低、污泥活性(OUR)更高、颗粒稳定性更好的优势.从不同接种污泥类型来看,好氧絮状污泥和厌氧颗粒污泥接种都能快速实现污泥好氧颗粒化,但絮状污泥接种实现好氧颗粒化所需的时间更短.另外,在相同运行条件下,接种好氧絮状污泥反应器取得的TOC去除效果优于接种厌氧颗粒污泥反应器,但厌氧颗粒污泥接种具有更强的抗盐度冲击能力.     

好氧颗粒污泥在高盐有机废水中的应用及其耐盐机制研究进展

好氧颗粒污泥是微生物固定化技术的一种特殊形式,是近年兴起的新型废水生物处理技术.由于其具有较好的沉降性能,可简化工艺流程、减少污水处理系统的容积和占地面积、降低投资和运行成本等显著优点,使其迅速成为当前水处理领域的一个研究热点.高盐有机废水是目前水处理领域的技术难题,因此,将好氧颗粒污泥应用于高盐有机废水中并研究其处理效果及耐盐机制具有重大意义.综述了近年来好氧颗粒污泥在高盐有机废水处理中的应用以及其微生物耐盐机制的研究进展,展望了好氧颗粒污泥在处理高盐有机废水的前景.     

好氧颗粒化SBR系统处理UASB 出水的试验研究

以序批式反应器培养的好氧颗粒污泥作为接种污泥,驯化处理上流式厌氧颗粒污泥床反应器的出水,整个运行过程主要分为颗粒污泥驯化阶段和稳定运行阶段。在稳定运行阶段,有机COD负荷可达到5.2 g/L.d,COD去除率高于95%,好氧颗粒污泥直径集中于3.5～6mm,SVI 50～58mL/g,沉降速率在72～90m/h,好氧颗粒污泥具有良好的沉降性能和较高的COD去除率。同时应用扫描电镜技术对接种颗粒污泥和驯化后的好氧颗粒污泥的微生物结构进行了初步观察和分析。     

乙醇胺废水处理的实验分析

通过培养和驯化酸化污泥、好氧污泥,对乙醇胺废水中的COD和氨氮进行降解试验,考察微生物降解乙醇胺废水中的COD和氨氮效果。     

异养硝化好氧颗粒污泥培养条件研究

以具有好氧反硝化功能的异养硝化菌剂作初始接种物,粉末状活性炭对该菌剂进行预固定,批次进水的方式培养出了异养硝化好氧颗粒污泥,研究了颗粒污泥的培养条件.结果表明,有机负荷、进水水质、曝气量和沉降时间都对异养硝化好氧颗粒污泥的形成发育起着重要作用.模拟废水和猪场废水都可以培养出异养硝化好氧颗粒污泥.在COD负荷4.0 g·(L·d)~(-1),氨氮负荷0.212 g·(L·d)~(-1),曝气量为200 L·h~(-1),沉降时间为2.0～4.0 min条件下可形成颗粒污泥.采用葡萄糖为碳源的模拟废水培养颗粒污泥容易引起丝状菌的增殖,导致颗粒污泥沉降性能变差和脱氮功能减退.采用猪场配水能够将丝状菌有效地淘汰出反应器,恢复颗粒污泥沉降性能和脱氮功能,并促进颗粒污泥发育成熟.成熟的颗粒污泥性状稳定,当COD负荷为6.6～8.6 g·(L·d)~(-1),总氮负荷为0.409～0.474 g·(L·d)~(-1),氨氮负荷为0.285～0.304 g·(L·d)~(-1)时,颗粒污泥对以葡萄糖为补充碳源的猪场废水的总氮去除率为84.75%～88.33%,氨氮去除率为99.9%以上,COD去除率为97.29%～98.62%.     

粒径控制对好氧颗粒污泥处理高含氮废水的影响

采用序批式反应器(SBR),以不同的缺氧搅拌时长来控制颗粒污泥粒径,探究不同粒径的好氧颗粒污泥系统对高浓度氨氮废水的处理特性。研究表明不同控制策略下的4个反应器(R1~R4)分别得到的主要粒径分布为0.4~0.6,0.6~0.8,0.6~0.8,1.0~1.2 mm;系统稳定阶段氨氮平均去除率分别为83.6%、79.4%、77.7%和73.1%。此外,好氧颗粒污泥系统处理高氨氮废水时,颗粒粒径最小的反应器(R1)在氨氮、总氮和磷酸盐方面具有较好的去除效果,但其颗粒污泥的物化性能并没有体现出较高优势。     

SBR工艺处理屠宰废水好氧颗粒污泥的形成条件及性能分析

针对生猪屠宰及肉类加工企业采用SBR处理工艺好氧颗粒污泥的形成条件及性能进行了分析,同时对三个分厂SBR池好氧颗粒污泥进行了对比,证明了在处理屠宰废水SBR..工艺中可以实现好氧污泥颗粒化.通过对好氧颗粒污泥的性能分析,得出好氧污泥颗粒化可以有效增加反应池内污泥浓度,提高污染物的去除率,降低工程基建投资.因工程应用隈制...     

好氧污泥-固定化光合细菌联合处理皂素废水研究

对比好氧污泥-固定化光合细菌和好氧污泥-未固定化光合细菌联合处理皂素废水的处理效果.实验结果表明:固定化光合细菌耐受的COD浓度范围明显增大,耐氯性达到20 000 mg/L,适宜的pH范围变宽为5.0～9.0.对于COD浓度为5000 mg· L-1 ～30000 mg·L-1的皂素废水,投加5％ V固定光合细菌∶V活性污泥=1 mL·mL-1∶1 mL·mL-1的接种量,好氧污泥-固定化光合细菌联合处理其CODcr去除率稳定在97％～ 99％,光合细菌的流失量大大减少,且固液分离效果好.     

Test of membrane bioreactor for waste water treatment in a petrochemical complex

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) used in water and waste water treatment is a developing technique for water pollution control and water reuse. This paper describes a membrane-bioreactor for treatment of waste water in a petrochemical complex. The experimental MBR was a lab scale one composed of an activated sludge bioreactor unit and an ultrafiltration membrane unit. The relationship of COD removal with MLSS and HRT in this MBR was studied. The effects of crossflow velocity, backwash interval and volume of flush liquid on the flux were discussed. The results showed that average removal of COD, oil, SS and turbidity in petrochemical waste water by the MBR was 91%, 86%, 92% and 99% respectively. The average removal of NH3-N and total phosphorous was 85% and 82%. A coefficient of COD removal, k, was 0.017-0.080 L/(mg.d). The membrane flux maintained higher than 60 L/hm2 bar for 34 days without chemical cleaning when the velocity of crossflow was 3.5-3.9 m/s and the backwash interval was 30 minutes and backwash duration at 20 seconds. The results indicated that it is feasible for MBR technology to be used in petrochemical waste water treatment. The treated water could be considered as a source used to make up water for industrial cooling system or to be reused for other purposes.     

Test of membrane bioreactor for waste water treatment in a petrochemical complex

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) used in water and waste water treatment is a developing technique for water pollution control and water reuse. This paper describes a membrane-bioreactor for treatment of waste water in a petrochemical complex. The experimental MBR was a lab scale one composed of an activated sludge bioreactor unit and an ultrafiltration membrane unit. The relationship of COD removal with MLSS and HRT in this MBR was studied. The effects of crossflow velocity, backwash interval and volume of flush liquid on the flux were discussed. The results showed that average removal of COD, oil, SS and turbidity in petrochemical waste water by the MBR was 91%, 86%, 92% and 99% respectively. The average removal of NH₃-N and total phosphorous was 85% and 82%. A coefficient of COD removal, k, was 0.017-0.080 L/(mg.d). The membrane flux maintained higher than 60 L/hm2 bar for 34 days without chemical cleaning when the velocity of crossflow was 3.5-3.9 m/s and the backwash interval was 30 minutes and backwash duration at 20 seconds. The results indicated that it is feasible for MBR technology to be used in petrochemical waste water treatment. The treated water could be considered as a source used to make up water for industrial cooling system or to be reused for other purposes.     

污水污泥处理的资源化技术分析

污水污泥消化气发电技术是将污水污泥经厌氧发酵消化后，利用所产生的甲烷气气体作燃料供发电机使用；污泥油化处理技术是在高温、高压、催化剂条件下，使高分子物质通过加水分解、缩合、脱氢、环化等反应变为低分子油状物质的过程。利用上述技术可实现污水污泥处理的资源化。     

超声技术强化处理制革废水中的有机物

采用超声波强化混凝沉淀法处理制革废水,考察了超声波的作用时间和施加方式、混凝剂投加量等因素对降低废水中有机物的影响.实验结果表明:只用超声波作用废水60s,COD去除率为40.6%;混凝剂总浓度为100mg/L时COD去除率最高;先施加超声波60s,再投加混凝剂,COD去除率最高可达73.2%,比不用超声波时提高10%以上.因此,超声技术用于混凝沉淀法处理制革废水有明显的强化作用.     

废线切割液絮凝破乳的研究

针对废线切割液乳化稳定性高、ＣＯＤ值高及采用单一絮凝剂处理难以达到破乳目的等特点，通过筛选复配出了最佳破乳絮凝剂，并得出复配剂适用的ｐＨ值、投药剂量和顺序等最佳絮凝条件。试验结果表明，在ｐＨ＝６．５～８．０，投量为２．８～３．０ｇ／Ｌ的条件下，用复配药剂处理ＣＯＤＣｒ为５６３０００ｍｇ／Ｌ的废线切割乳液，油水分离较完全，ＣＯＤＣｒ的去除率达９８．８％以上，其处理效果明显优于常规絮凝剂。     

用超滤技术评价絮凝法处理制浆废水最佳COD去除效果的探讨

利用超滤的分离特性剖析制浆洗漂废水及其絮凝上清液的COD的分子量分布,以探讨、评价絮凝法处理此类废水所能达到的最佳COD去除效果。研究结果表明,洗漂废水中MW>10000与MW<3000的物质是COD值的主要组成部分,占76％;COD最佳去除效果为70.3％。     

Anaerobic treatment of source-separated domestic bio-wastes with an improved upflow solid reactor at a short HRT

Anaerobic treatment is the core technology for resource and energy recovery from source-separated domestic bio-wastes. The higher efficiency of an improved upflow solid reactor(IUSR) designed in this study was demonstrated in the treatment of concentrated black water and kitchen waste. The highest methane production of 48 L/person/day was achieved at the hydraulic retention time(HRT) of 7 days, while the other measures of performance at the HRT of 8.3 days were better than at the HRT of 7 or 10 days, achieving a methane production of 43 L/person/day, removal of total chemical oxygen demand(TCOD)of 89%, removal of soluble chemical oxygen demand(SCOD) of 92%, and conversion of chemical oxygen demand(COD) to methane of 71%. It is not recommended to decrease HRT lower than 7 days due to the instability of the initial period. The concentrations of volatile fatty acids(VFAs) in the IUSR were less than 10 mg/L, indicating that the anaerobic process was stable. Sludge bed development showed that sludge bed with high microbial activity was formed in the bottom and that the precipitation zone of effluents formed should preferably occupy 30% of the height of the IUSR. The effluents of the IUSR could be used for irrigation in agriculture in combination with a settling tank accompanied by disinfection to remove solids and pathogens.     

污泥性质对微波预处理-厌氧消化的影响及古菌群落结构分析

污泥性质对预处理强化厌氧消化工艺的效果有较大影响.本研究对比了某实际污水厂A~2O工艺和A~2O-MBR工艺产生的剩余污泥在微波预处理-厌氧消化过程中污泥性质的变化与产气效果,并考察了在预处理和厌氧消化过程中污泥的古菌群落结构变化.结果表明,A~2O工艺剩余污泥有机质含量比A~2O-MBR污泥高出16. 4%(分别为66. 4%和50. 0%),SCOD、溶解性蛋白质和多糖分别为后者1. 24、2. 02和4. 84倍,具有更好的可生物降解性.虽然预处理对生物降解性差的A~2O-MBR污泥有机物释放效果更好,但A~2O污泥在微波预处理-厌氧消化后产甲烷量比相应处理后的A~2O-MBR污泥多26. 1%.两种剩余污泥的古菌群落结构差异较大,A~2O-MBR污泥中甲烷丝菌属和甲烷八叠球菌属丰度分别比A~2O污泥多3. 68%和19. 73%.预处理对古菌群落的丰富度和均匀度影响相对较小,但厌氧消化后波动较大.污泥中有机组分不同是引起古菌群落结构变化的重要影响因素.     

超滤膜分离性能的影响因素研究

以水通量，化学需氧量和细菌截留率为主要考核指标，考察了超滤膜分离性污泥混合液的影响因素，结果表明：ＰＥＳ膜适宜污水膜生物工艺使用：一定程度下，膜的截留分子量大，有利于水通量增加；膜的水通量随污泥浓度和滤纸过滤液ＣＯＤ浓度的提高面减少；滤纸过滤液ＣＯＤ浓度对膜水通量影响大于活性污泥浓度；截留分子量小的膜，水通量随压力的提高而上升。