某中频控制器低温下输出异常的失效分析

近些年来,关于电子元器件的失效分析已逐渐发展成为一个专门的学科,作为专门的模拟集成电路设计、生产单位,在分析仪器、设备有限的条件下,通过失效分析发现产品设计、测试、以及生产制造过程中存在的问题,以不断改进产品的设计水平和制造工艺,提高产品的可靠性。通过对某中频控制器在用户处表现出来的低温下通断比异常的情况进行分析,发现该产品的设计存在的问题,文中不仅给出了失效机理,同时提出了改进措施。此次失效分析对于同类中频控制器的设计、提高其可靠性具有一定的借鉴意义。     

某中频控制器老炼后输出异常的失效分析

产品的可靠性分析工作是一项系统工程,它贯穿了产品设计、生产、考核及用户使用的整个生命周期。通过对成熟产品的失效分析发现产品在设计工艺结构、考核试验、以及使用环境过程中存在的问题,指导设计师在产品的研制阶段进行产品的可靠性规划,从而不断提升设计师可靠性设计水平,提高产品的可靠性。本文通过对某中频控制器在老炼后的异常情况进行分析,发现该产品在环境试验中存在问题,并提出了相应的改进措施。本研究工作对于同类产品的热设计、环境试验可靠性具有借鉴意义。     

内引线破坏性键合拉力试验失效类别及原因分析

通过对内引线破坏性键合拉力试验中的第3、4种失效类别失效原因的案例分析,发现存在着工艺加工、原材料生产、筛选试验等方面的质量问题,对产品是否合格作出最终的结果判定。     

基于可靠性理论风冷冰箱化霜可靠性研究与应用

风冷冰箱的化霜可靠性是实现风冷冰箱稳定制冷的关键,也是产品可靠性设计的重点工作,结合实际用户使用环境条件对影响化霜失效的应力进行可靠性摸底分析确认,结合可靠性强化实验(RET)理论对失效应力进行强化设计验证,加快产品失效暴露,提高产品的可靠性,使用故障树分析(FTA)对产品失效影响因素进行分析,确定产品设计薄弱点,对产...     

舰载武器装备产品温度-湿度两应力加速老化试验方法研究

老化是舰载武器装备上的材料、电子设备发生失效或性能退化的主要因素。加速老化试验属于可靠性试验范畴,是评价产品寿命和预测产品退化趋势的主要方式之一。在分析舰载武器服役环境和出现的老化问题的基础上,利用Peck加速模型和基于性能退化数据的评估方法,提出了一种温度-湿度两应力加速老化试验方法,并给出了应用算例。     

基于ANSYS仿真的某舰载监控设备故障分析与优化设计

舰载监控设备工作时受舰载振动环境影响,会出现设备因抗振性不足,导致监控失效的问题,严重影响产品可靠性。通过试验可发现部分明显的设备缺陷,但无法完全定位所有问题,为解决这一问题,本文通过使用ANSYS软件对某舰载监控设备进行有限元仿真,通过数据分析进行故障定位。同时通过仿真结果提出解决方案,优化产品设计,并通过试验验证优化结果,使产品满足舰载振动环境指标,可靠性得到较大提升。     

某输出缓冲器的失效分析

本文通过对某输出缓冲器在质量一致性检验中的ESD考核环节失效的情况进行分析,找到了产品测试系统的异常情况,通过此次分析,进一步发现该产品的ESD保护设计一直以来存在的问题。文中不仅给出了失效机理,同时提出了改进措施并加以验证。此次失效分析对于同类器件的ESD保护设计,提高其可靠性具有一定的借鉴意义。     

某机载光电设备结构优化设计

机载光电设备工作时受机载振动环境影响,会出现因强度不足,导致光电失效的问题,严重影响产品可靠性。通过反复试验可验证改进产品设计,但时间和经济成本较高,为解决这一问题,本文通过使用ANSYS软件对某机载光电设备在设计阶段进行仿真设计验证,对设计不合理部位进行优化设计,最后再通过试验验证,使产品满足机载振动环境指标,保证产品的可靠性。     

塑封SIP集成模块封装可靠性分析

塑封器件具有体积小、成本低的优点,逐步替代气密性封装器件,广泛地应用于我国军用产品中。军用塑封SIP(System In Package)产品集成度高、结构复杂、可靠性要求高等特点,对塑封工艺带来了挑战,目前国内工业级塑封产品不能完全满足军用可靠性要求,工业级塑封产品常在严酷的环境应力试验下表现出失效。本文针对工业级塑封SIP器件在可靠性试验过程中出现的失效现象进行分析研究,通过超声检测、芯片切面分析等手段,结合产品应力试验结果,分析导致塑封产品失效的关键原因,并针对失效机理提出优化改进方案。     

电子产品的可靠性试验

"电子产品的可靠性试验"顾名思义为评价分析电子产品可靠性而进行的试验.其试验目的通常有以下几个方面:(1)在产品研制阶段用以暴露试制产品各方面的缺陷,评价产品可靠性达到预期指标的情况;(2)生产阶段为监控生产过程提供信息;(3)对定型产品进行可靠性鉴定或验收;(4)暴露和分析产品在不同环境和应力条件下的失效规律及有关的失效模式和失效机理;(5)为改进产品可靠性,制定和改进可靠性试验方案,为用户选用产品提供依据.     

一城一世界

一城一世界，一花一天地。久不在城市中漫行，虽在城市中，却已经远离。     

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF A SWEDISH AND A CHINESE HYDROLOGICAL MODEL1

ABSTRACT: There are a large number of conceptual hydrological models available today. It is not easy to immediately identify the similarities and differences between the different models. The Swedish HBV model and the Chinese Xinanjiang model are two examples of conceptual, semi-distributed, rainfall-runoff models. The Xinanjiang model was designed for use in humid and semi-humid regions, with no routine for the snowmelt runoff, whereas the snow routine is an important part of the HBV model in many applications. The model structures of the two models may be described in four routines, compared in this paper. The integral structures of them are similar, but there are some differences, especially in the runoff production routine. The physical significance and physical definitions of some model parameters were analyzed. Both models were tested in two basins. Both models gave similar results, and both models performed well in the application. The similarity of the results obtained by different model structures leads to the following two conclusions. First, more effort should probably be spent on the improvement of input data quality and coverage than on the development of more detailed model structures only. Second, inference about basin behavior and characteristics from the values of calibrated model parameters must be made with great caution.     

A DYNAMIC BACTERIAL MODEL FOR A RECREATIONAL LAKE1

ABSTRACT A dynamic mathematical model was constructed to examine bacterial contamination problems affecting Ford Lake, a small recreational lake in Southeast Michigan. The model was calibrated and verified using summer dry weather averaged data and data from three wet weather surveys. Model simulations demonstrated that the major bacterial contamination was attributable to storm related perturbations affecting two point sources: the Huron River and the Ypsilanti Sewage Treatment Plant. The nonpoint source contribution was relatively minor. The Model is currently being used by the State of Michigan Department of Natural Resources as a management tool for assessing the effectiveness of planned pollution abatement strategies     

INTEGRATING A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM,A SCIENTIFIC VISUALIZATION SYSTEM,AND A PRECIPITATION MODEL1

ABSTRACT: Investigating natural, potential, and human-induced impacts on hydrologic systems commonly requires complex modeling with overlapping data requirements, plus massive amounts of one- to four-dimensional data at multiple scales and formats. Given the complexity of most hydrologic studies, the requisite software infrastructure must incorporate many components including simulation modeling and spatial analysis with a flexible, intuitive display. Integrating geographic information systems (GIS) and scientific visualization systems (SVS) provides such an infrastructure. This paper describes an integrated system consisting of an orographic precipitation model, a GIS, and an SVS. The results of this study provide a basis for improving the understanding of hydro-climatic processes in mountainous regions. An additional benefit of the integrated system, the value of which is often underestimated, is the improved ability to communicate model results, leading to a broader understanding of the model assumptions, sensitivities, and conclusions at a management level.     

A water network optimization using MATLAB—A case study

The methodology of mass and energy integration is widely applied for reduction of water consumption, which belongs to the area of mass integration, and is also energy integration problem if water is considered an energy source (cooling water and steam). This work presents a study of water-consumption reduction through optimization of the process superstructure. A petroleum refinery water network was analyzed and a solution is proposed to minimize the costs of fresh water and wastewater treatment. Three processes which use water, with three contaminants, were monitored and three potential treatment units are proposed. The procedure was based on relaxation of a non-convex non-linear programming problem into a mixed integer linear programming (MILP). The MILP model was further simplified using heuristic rules and solved by using MATLAB.     

TWO STRATEGIES FOR LEARNING A ROUTE IN A DRIVING SIMULATOR

The study of human navigation has long been dominated by the so-called stage theory, i.e. the notion that there are three distinct types of spatial knowledge (landmark, route, and survey knowledge), that are acquired sequentially during spatial learning and development. Based on the results of a route learning experiment in a driving simulator, an alternative to the stage theory is proposed. The authors suggest that subjects follow either a visually dominated or a spatially dominated strategy to solve a route-learning problem. In the visually dominated strategy, subjects base their wayfinding decisions on visually recognizing decision points along a route; the decision points are not integrated into any kind of survey representation. In the spatially dominated strategy, on the other hand, subjects represent the environment as a survey map right from the start; that is, they do not pass through a landmark or route stage. These strategies may be subserved by different cortical areas recently characterized in neurophysiological studies of animals solving maze problems.     

A MIXING MODEL FOR A SEPARATED MECHANICAL AERATION SYSTEM1

ABSTRACT: An input-output method, using a network of ideal continuous stirred-tank and plug-flow tublar reactors, is adopted to analyze residence time distribution data for a separated mechanical aeration system. The usefulness of this modeling concept is enhanced by its simplicity, especially in the presence of a first-order reaction. This facilitates use of the model format for wastewater quality prediction. Moreover, first-order rate constants can also be estimated from the model, if conversions due to the reaction rate are available.