SO2熏蒸小麦对粘虫生长的影响

用低浓度SO_2熏蒸过的小麦饲养幼虫,研究SO_2污染对粘虫生长的影响.SO_2浓度为50和100ppb时,幼虫的发育历期显著缩短,存活率提高10％左右,整个幼虫期的发育-存活指数和平均相对生长速度(MRGR)分别比对照组高15％和2.5％左右.用上述两个浓度的SO_2处理的幼虫食料植物对成虫的繁殖力也有一定的促进作用,但对蛹的历期和成虫的寿命没有影响.     

SO_2、HF对小麦、大麦产量及品质的联合影响

本文研究了SO_2、HF对小麦、大麦的产量及品质的联合影响。SO_2浓度为130和267μgm~(-3),HF浓度为0.03和0.38μgm~(-3),实验在顶部开口的桶中进行,为期90天。在所用浓度下,SO_2比HF具有更大的影响。所有反应的一个显著特点是补偿效应。虽然SO_2减少了小麦地上部重量,但各处理对产量并无影响。SO_2促进了大麦的生长,增加了产量,并且SO_2和HF都使籽粒蛋白含量增加。SO_2和HF混合物的效应较为复杂,但通常是对抗性的,加入HF可以抵消SO_2单独存在的影响。     

二氧化硫对小麦、绿豆幼苗游离脯氨酸的影响

SO_2熏染的小麦、绿豆幼苗,体内游离氨基酸、游离脯氨酸积累增多。各种植物游离脯氨酸的含量各不相同,含量高的污染后伤害小。这与逆境下游离脯氨酸积累有利于抗逆境的论点相符。     

低浓度SO2长期暴露下菜豆的生长发育和气孔反应

本研究采用连续搅拌槽反应器系统(CSTR)对菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris)进行低浓度SO_2长期暴露试验.结果表明,SO_2在植物可见伤害阈值以下抑制了莱豆生长,叶片气孔阻力随SO_2浓度的增加而增加.植物一旦脱离SO_2污染的环境,气孔就恢复到正常水平.切除子叶的菜豆生长明显受抑,但对SO_2敏感性和留子叶菜豆相同.     

六六六、滴滴涕残留量的田间试验

有机氯农药六六六、滴滴涕是应用多年的广谱性杀虫剂,在小麦生长后期用于防治粘虫危害有显著效果。但这类农药性质稳定,不易分解,残留时间长,污染农作物;并通过食物影响人体健康。北京市红星公社科技站、北京市农科院植保室和医科院卫生研究所食品卫生室对此做了田间试验,观察在小麦孕穗后的不同时期施用不同量的农药对小麦籽粒中农药残留量的影响,以及防治粘虫的效果。     

我国西南地区大气中硫的化学状态

对我国西南重庆、贵阳地区大气中的二氧化硫和颗粒物进行采样和分析,并用多元回归法对数据进行了处理和解析。结果表明,该地区大气颗粒物中的硫主要以SO_2~(2-)状态存在,约为74％。其次是S~(4+),约为15％。S~(2-)、S~(?)或非水溶性硫酸盐共为11％。其中SO_4~(2-)以H_2SO_4的含量最高,约为60％。用双曲线1/[SO_4~(2-)]=1.31/[SO_2)+0.041拟合SO_2与SO_4~(2-)之间的关系较好,反映了该地区大气中SO_4~(2-)的浓度变化有一极限值。当SO_2浓度达200μg·m~(-3)以上时,SO_4~(2-)浓度基本稳定在24μg·m~(-3)左右。     

2015年北京城区大气PM2.5中NH4+、NO3-、SO42-及前体气体的污染特征

2015年1~12月对北京市城区开展PM_(2.5)中主要水溶性离子NH_4~+、NO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)(统称SNA)及其前体气体NH_3、NO、NO_2和SO_2的监测,共获得样本325组.用特氟龙滤膜采集PM_(2.5)中SNA,用在线仪器实时监测各前体气体.分析各前体气体和SNA的污染特征并同时对其相关性进行研究.观测期间NH_3、NO、NO_2、SO_2、NH_4~+、NO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)的年平均浓度分别为21.5、17.7、54.3、14.2、8.1、13.5和12.7μg·m~(-3),SNA质量浓度占PM_(2.5)的43.4%.NO、NO_2和SO_2冬季最高,夏季最低;NH_3为夏季最高,秋冬较低;NH_4~+浓度和体积分数四季波动不大;NO_3~-浓度和体积分数均夏季最低;SO_4~(2-)浓度为冬季最高,百分含量为夏季最大.全年([NO_3~-]+2[SO_4~(2-)])与NH_4~+的比值为0.97,表明阴离子主要以NO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)的形式存在.随着污染程度的增加,各化合物浓度均有明显上升,NO_3~-是重污染过程累积效应比较明显且贡献率最大的离子.SO_4~(2-)则在污染级别较低时,贡献率较大.NO_3~-与NO_2,NO、NH_4~+与NH_3,SO_4~(2-)与SO_2在置信度为0.01水平上均显著相关;SO_4~(2-)和SO_2变化规律呈负相关,NO_2和NO_3~-基本呈正相关,相比NH_3,NH_4~+浓度的高低受酸性气体NO_2、SO_2影响更大.     

降水中 SO_2含量与大气中 SO_2表面浓度的相关性

作为美国多洲电力生产大气污染研究(简称MAP3S)的一部分,作者从1978年10月以来对大气中SO_2浓度进行了连续监测。同时,用Battelle和Aero-chem两种不同的采样器采集降水样品分析。为确定雨水中所含SO_2和大气中SO_2浓度的相关程度,以及所溶SO_2对降水酸度的贡献,作者对两种采样器所提供的数据、温度、SO_2的数据等进行了分析。研究结果扼要如下: (1)用Battelle采样器所采集的雨样中S_1v的含量接近于相对应的大气SO_2表面浓度的平衡值。Aerochem采样器所采样品结果偏低。作者认为降雨中气—液相间的平衡建立的相当迅速。若样品收集、保存得当,平衡值可维持不变。 (2)冬度时S_1v对总游离酸度的贡献高达13％,而在夏季则降到零。 (3)雨水中SO_4~(2-)的含量与大气中 SO_2表面浓度呈负相关。     

SO2、NO2及其复合物对青菜体内抗坏血酸含量的影响

探讨了运用田间开顶式熏气装置,在单一及复合熏气条件下,不同浓度SO_2(0.1—0.25ppm)和NO_2(0.05—0.25ppm)对青菜体内抗坏血酸含量的影响。结果表明,青菜体内抗坏血酸含量随SO_2和NO_2复合熏气浓度的增加而减少;当SO_2和NO_2复合熏气浓度之和一定时,分别提高相同比例SO_2、NO_2浓度,SO_2浓度的增加对青菜体內抗坏血酸含量减少率的影响作用大于NO_2;抗坏血酸含昆下降吋叶绿素含量也下降;青菜体内抗坏血酸含量减少率与叶面积伤害率之间呈较好的线性相关。     

基于无人机紫外光谱数据的企业SO2浓度监测与分析

全球环境和气候变化日益受到大气污染的影响,其造成的生态破坏和对人类居住的影响,如雾霾、酸雨、光化学烟雾等,已经成为亟待解决的问题,而其中SO_2气体是最主要的污染物之一。分析和量化SO_2排放量并找出污染源,对把握污染排放状况、制定监管措施和减轻大气污染具有重要应用价值。为此,本文基于差分吸收光谱法提取了河北省邯郸市武安市部分企业SO_2排放浓度空间分布情况,并根据地理位置数据将反演浓度数据进行组织和快速成图,实现了污染浓度分布的可视化监测。文中分析了浓度分布的空间关系,同时考虑了风对SO_2扩散的影响。实验结果表明,浓度高聚集区与企业排污位置和风向密切相关,风因素影响差分光谱法可视化对固定污染排放源位置的定位。同时,研究区SO_2气体浓度分布图中浓度在1×10~(16)molec./cm~2以上的像元占到50%,进一步证明该气体污染造成的危害范围较大。     

Secondary effect of SO_2 pollution: enhanced growth of the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker)

Effects of SO2 pollution on growth of the army worm, Mythimna separata, were investigated by rearing the larvae for 12 days on the wheat plants being exposed to SO2 levels ranged from 50 to 200 ppb in the field open-top fumigation devices. Larval period shortened while their mean relative growth rate (MRGR) increased as SO2 dose elevated. Similar experiment with the insect on the artificial diet excluded the possibility that SO2 pollution directly stimulated growth of the army worm.The patterns of change in amino acid hydrolysates in the host foliage suggested that contents of methionine, and perhaps, arginine in food material exposed to unpolluted air were at such levels that they could only support sub-optimum growth of the insect, and SO2 pollution increased concentrations of these limiting amino acids, resulting in better performance of the larvae.     

Effect of SO2-polluted rape plant on growth and reproduction of the turnip aphid,Lipaphis erysimi(Kaltenbach)

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植物对二氧化硫的净化能力的研究

本文研究试用一种新方法测算植物对SO2的净化能力 植物在伤害阈值的情况下,对SO2的最大吸收强度定为净化SO2的能力。利用开顶式熏气罩对植物进行SO2慢性（低浓度、长时间）处理。达到SO2伤害阈值（5％叶面积上出现可见伤害症状）时,停止处理 根据此时叶内硫含量的增加,计算硫积累速率。从停止熏气后叶内硫含量下降（直至对照水平）的速率计算硫的转运速率。从硫的积累速率和转运速率计算叶片吸收SO2的强度 再引进生物量和生长期两个参数,就可估算地区植被年净化SO2的潜力 本研究对阔叶树（杨、柳、刺槐）、针叶树（油松、桧柏）和农作物（小麦、水稻、玉米、高粱、谷子）进行了净化SO2能力的测算 初步结果表明,此法基本可行。      

二氧化硫对植物新陈代谢的影响(Ⅱ)——对光合、呼吸与物质代谢的影响

从光合作用,呼吸作用和物质代谢三方面综述了二氧化硫对植物新陈代谢的影响;阐述了二氧化硫对植物光合作用和呼吸作用的影响;分析了二氧化硫引起植物光合作用变化的原因与途径;综述了二氧化硫对糖、蛋白质和氨基酸等物质代谢的影响。      

Secondary effect of SO2 pollution: enhanced growth of the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker)

Effects of SO₂ pollution on growth of the army worm, Mythimna separata, were investigated by rearing the larvae for 12 days on the wheat plants being exposed to SO₂ levels ranged from 50 to 200 ppb in the field open-top fumigation devices. Larval period shortened while their mean relative growth rate (MRGR) increased as SO₂ dose elevated. Similar experiment with the insect on the artificial diet excluded the possibility that SO₂ pollution directly stimulated growth of the army worm.The patterns of change in amino acid hydrolysates in the host foliage suggested that contents of methionine, and perhaps, arginine in food material exposed to unpolluted air were at such levels that they could only support sub-optimum growth of the insect, and SO₂ pollution increased concentrations of these limiting amino acids, resulting in better performance of the larvae.     

Joint enhancement of lead accumulation in Brassica plants by EDTA and ammonium sulfate in sand culture

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Effect of airborne SO_2 on performance of the turnip moth,Agrotis segetum Schiff

SO2 Pollution; rape plant (Brassica chinensis); turnip moth (Agrotis segetum); growth and developmental parameters.     

重金属Cd,Cr,Pb,Zn对小麦生长的影响

通过水培实验,研究了不同浓度的重金属Cd,Cr,Pb,Zn对小麦的生长初期(发芽、长出两片真叶后7d)的影响。测量指标有叶绿素含量和重金属在小麦体内的积累量。结果表明,低浓度的重金属并不影响小麦叶绿素的合成,甚至会起促进作用。高浓度重金属的存在对生长初期小麦叶绿素的合成有抑制作用,不同重金属的抑制作用也不同,Pb和Cr的抑制作用最大,Cd和Zn次之。小麦体内吸收的重金属量随着重金属浓度升高而增加,但吸收能力各有差异,最强的是Pb和Cr,其次是Cd和Zn。     

Response of successive three generations of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), fed on cotton bolls under elevated CO2

The growth, development and consumption of successive three generations of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera （Htibner）, fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2 （double-ambient vs. ambient） in open-top chambers were examined. Significant decreases in protein, total amino acid, water and nitrogen content and increases in free fatty acid were observed in cotton bolls. Changes in quality of cotton bolls affected the growth, development and food utilization of H. armigera. Significantly longer larval development duration in three successive generations and lower pupal weight of the second and third generations were observed in cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. Significantly lower fecundity was also found in successive three generations of H. armigera fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. The consumption per larva occurred significant increase in successive three generations and frass per larva were also significantly increased during the second and third generations under elevated CO2. Significantly lower relative growth rate, efficiency of conversion of ingested food and significant higher relative consumption rate in successive three generations were observed in cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. Significantly lower potential female fecundity, larval numbers and population consumption were found in the second and third generations of cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. The integrative effect of higher larval mortality rate and lower adult fecundity resulted in significant decreases in potential population consumption in the latter two generations. The results show that elevated CO2 adversely affects cotton bolls quality, which indicates the potential population dynamics and potential population consumption of cotton bollworm will alleviate the harm to the plants in the future rising CO2 atmosphere.