野营房室内空气质量问题的初步探讨

文章通过对通用住宿野营房室内环境主要污染物的确定和测定值的分析,得出住宿野营房室内环境主要污染物甲醛、苯和总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)三项中,总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)浓度超标严重;在现有装饰装修材料水平状况下,使用前和使用中,要加强室内空气流通,降低室内环境污染物的浓度。     

甲醛对室内环境的污染

据文献表明,人类40%以上疾病是因室内空气污染而引起的。人的一生中大部份时间又是在室内渡过的。因而对室内环境的研究更有意义。在发现甲醛、石棉、氡、多氯联苯和挥发性有机物是室内空气重要的污染源之     

住宅装修室内环境污染状况调查

随着国家经济发展和人民生活水平、生活质量的不断提高,人们更加注重在住房装饰装修上的金钱投入以圆梦中家居。但是,由于现实生活环境的多方因素制约,伴随住宅装修过程形成的室内环境污染也给人们希望获得健康环保的高质量生活带来严重影响。通过对新装修住宅（客厅、主卧室、次卧室）进行室内环境污染检测,获得了非常有益的实测数据。通过统计分析该数据,发现新装修住宅室内空气中的甲醛、苯及TVOC存在普遍超标,且有的情况非常严重,应当引起人们的高度关注。为此建议：装修时要明确目的,树立环保理念,综合规划设计;注意材料质量优选控制污染源头,加强施工监督和检测验收;对污染超标住宅采取必要的治理措施,加强室内通风换气,室内空气质量检测达标后才居住使用,确保居室环境的健康环保。     

《民用建筑工程室内环境污染控制规范》国家标准的部分内容值得商榷

针对《民用建筑工程室内环境污染控制规范》GB50325—2001（2006年版）中苯、总挥发性有机物的进样方法、“甲醛仲裁检测”的提法及室内环境污染物浓度限量值等问题,结合实际工作情况,进行了分析探讨,并阐述了相应的修改意见。     

居室的主要污染源

居室卫生是关系到每个人身体健康的很重要的一部分,因为无论大人、孩子、病人都要在居室中活动和睡眠,大多数人在居室内停留要占24小时中的二分之一以上。居室卫生受到多方面的影响和污染,从其性质来讲,可分三大类:第一大类是化学的,主要来自装修、家具、玩具、煤气热水器、杀虫喷雾剂、化妆品、抽烟、厨房的油烟等等,主要是挥发性的有机物;如甲苯、二甲苯、醋酸乙酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、甲醛……;无机化合物如氨、一氧化碳、二氧化碳等。第二大类是物理的,主要来自室外及室内的电器设备,主要是噪声、电磁辐射、光污染等。第三大类是生物的,主…     

罐采样-GC/MS法测定环境空气中挥发性有机物

采用SUMMA罐采样,空气预浓缩与气相色谱/质谱联用技术,建立了39种常见挥发性有机物的分析方法。选取攀枝花市不同功能区的5个测点,采集了4个季度的环境空气样品220个,定性检出挥发性有机物54种,其中烃类占24%,卤代烃类占52%,含氧化合物占22%,其它化合物占2%。苯系物的检出率最高。定量的挥发性有机物最大浓度和平均浓度最高的项目均为苯,平均浓度4.59μg/m3,最大浓度29.8μg/m3。苯系物时间分布呈现出旱季高,雨季低的特点;日变化特征为早晨最高,整体呈下降趋势。     

室内甲醛释放规律及控制方法探讨

本文以某单位新建住宅楼内同一户型装修大致相同的四套住宅作为测试点，对其室内空气中甲醛浓度在不同工况下约3个月的监测数据进行对比分析，探讨了甲醛释放的影响因素及可行的控制方法，提出甲醛是室内主要空气污染物并建议采用绿色建筑装饰材料和保持室内的通风等措施减少污染，具有很强的现实意义。     

室内甲醛污染影响因素的多元回归分析

本文在室内甲醛质量守恒定律基本公式合理推导的基础上,对影响甲醛浓度的主要因素做了正交实验。对实验数据进行多元回归分析,建立室内甲醛浓度预测模型。对模型做检验,检验结果表明,本文的预测模型能较好地预测室内空气中的甲醛浓度。     

现代家居装修过程中污染物动态分布研究——以西安市为例

通过对西安市长安区民用住宅装修过程中室内空气中的甲醛、氨、TVOC和苯进行连续采样和测量,分析其浓度的动态变化趋势.测定结果表明,装修过程中室内空气中的四种污染物均存在不同程度的超标现象,苯超标最为严重,最大超标倍数为12倍,甲醛最大超标1.43倍、氨最大超标0.985倍、TVOC最大超标6.65倍;TVOC和苯呈r=0.963,P=0.01的高度相关性.装修过程中,室内空气质量多为重污染.     

室内装修空气污染及治理

随着居民生活水平的不断提高,室内装修所产生的环境污染也越来越严重,极大影响了居民的身体健康。本文通过实地监测新装修住宅及办公室的室内空气中的污染物浓度,分析了室内空气污染的来源、特点、种类,重点提出了后期污染治理新方法、新方案。     

Indoor air quality investigation according to age of the school buildings in Korea

Since the majority of schools are housed in buildings dating from the 1960s and 1970s, a comprehensive construction and renovation program of school buildings has been carried out to improve the educational conditions in Korea. However, classrooms and computer rooms, with pressed wood desks, chairs and furnishings, as well as construction materials, might have negative effects on the indoor air quality. Furthermore, most schools have naturally ventilated classrooms. The purpose of this study was to characterize the concentrations of different indoor air pollutants within Korean schools and to compare their indoor levels within schools according to the age of school buildings. Indoor and outdoor air samples of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO(2)), particulate matter (PM(10)), total microbial count (TBC), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) and formaldehyde (HCHO) were obtained during summer, autumn and winter from three sites; a classroom, a laboratory and a computer classroom at 55 different schools. The selection of the schools was based on the number of years since the schools had been constructed. The problems causing indoor air pollution at the schools were chemicals emitted by building materials or furnishings, and insufficient ventilation rates. The I/O ratio for HCHO was 6.32 during the autumn, and the indoor HCHO concentrations (mean = 0.16 ppm) in schools constructed within 1 year were significantly higher than the Korean Indoor Air Standard, indicating that schools have indoor sources of HCHO. Therefore, increasing the ventilation rate by means of a mechanical system and the use of low-emission furnishings can play key roles in improving the indoor air quality within schools.     

挥发性有机物(VOCS)活性炭吸附回收技术综述

随着我国经济建设的发展，各类有机溶剂的应用越来越广，有机废气的排放量也随之逐年增加，其所带来的空气污染等环境问题已经引起全世界的关注。过去，研究人员主要致力于开发高效的VOCs控制技术。随着我国建立可持续社会目标的提出，越来越多的人开始关注经济有效的VOCs回收方法。本文重点介绍了活性炭吸附回收VOCs的工艺现状和研究进展，并预测了VOCs分离回收技术的发展趋势。     

Characterization of total volatile organic compound emissions from paints

Recently, Homeswest in Western Australia and Murdoch University developed a project to construct low allergen houses (LAH) in a newly developed suburb. All potential volatile organic compound (VOC) emission materials used in LAH are required to be measured before the construction of LAH, to ensure they are low VOCs emission materials. To protect people sensitive to exposure to VOCs it is important to evaluate and select low VOCs emitting paints. In this paper, therefore, twelve different paints provided by local manufacturers were selected for analysis to characterize total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) emissions. Emissions of TVOCs from six organic solvent-soluble paints and six water-soluble paints were evaluated using a small test chamber under controlled temperature, relative humidity and air exchange rates. The major volatile organic compounds in these paints were also identified. The time dependence of TVOC emissions from paint products in the chamber was evaluated. TVOC emissions from organic solvent-soluble and water-soluble paints were compared. The influence of air exchange rate on the TVOC concentrations emitted from organic solvent-soluble and water-soluble paints was also investigated. A double-exponential equation was used to evaluate emission characteristics of TVOC from paint products. With this double-exponential model, the physical processes of TVOC emissions can be explained. A variety of emission parameters can be calculated and used to estimate real indoor TVOCs concentrations.     

不同气温条件下室内甲醛污染特性的探讨

用酚试剂分光光度法（GB／F18204．26—2000）对装修后室内空气中的甲醛进行测定。通过一年多的实测表明：气温在13.0℃-24．0℃范围内，测试结果的超标率为27．8％，测试结果均值为0．077mg／m^3，气温在25．0℃-30．0℃范围内，测试结果的超标率为78．1％，测试结果均值为0．270mg／m^3，两个温度段超标率相差2．8倍多，测试结果均值相差3．5倍多。室内空气中甲醛浓度与室内温度呈线性关系，表明气温对室内空气中甲醛的释放量有明显的影响。     

室内空气采样及几种重要污染物的监测分析方法探讨

随着人们对室内空气质量重视程度的提高,室内空气监测技术近年来也不断得到发展。采样是监测中最重要的环节,采样时间、位置选择的正确与否直接影响测定的成功与否。采样目的是确定采样方案过程中的指导原则,一个成功的采样应用具备明确的目的性。氡、气溶胶、VOCs、甲醛是重要的室内污染物,其采样和测定技术逐步走向成熟。     

秦皇岛室内甲醛污染现状调查及其防控

选取典型小区,对秦皇岛市室内甲醛污染现状进行了调查,调查结果表明秦皇岛市住宅内甲醛污染严重,并将全过程控制理论应用于住宅装修过程中,有效降低了室内甲醛污染,提出了通过通风、选材、加温加湿、负离子功能产品、室内净化设施等多种措施来有效控制室内甲醛污染。     

室内挥发性有机化合物综合散发量及其特征

基于室内建筑污染源散发特性与汇效应机制分析,给出了建筑室内挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）综合散发量的计算模型,并进一步分析了材料内部扩散系数、气固界面分离系数和材料厚度对室内VOCs综合散发量的影响特征。研究结果表明,在近似稳定阶段室内VOCs综合散发量会随源材料内部扩散系数的增大而升高,而随源材料气固界面分离系数和材料厚度的增加而减小,且以源材料内部扩散系数的影响最为显著;同时,室内汇表面三类参数的增大均会使室内VOCs综合散发量降低;此外,在相同的环境参数条件下,室内VOCs综合散发量会因室内汇效应的存在而减小。