微乳化柴油雾化及燃爆特性实验研究

采用马尔文Spraytec型激光粒度仪和液体燃料爆炸性能评定装置,分别测定微乳化柴油在不同喷雾压力下的雾化特性和燃爆特性,采用液体燃料持续燃烧性能测定装置测定微乳化柴油在无约束条件下的燃烧特性,并与-10号军柴进行对比评估。结果表明,随着喷雾压力的升高,微乳化柴油的雾化粒径逐渐减小,最大爆炸压力呈上升趋势;相同喷雾条件下,微乳化柴油相比-10号军柴雾化性能和爆炸猛烈程度均有所下降;无约束条件下微乳化柴油相比-10号军柴持续燃烧时间有所减少。在一定程度上,微乳化柴油的防火防爆安全性优于-10号军柴。     

阻燃抑爆柴油的燃烧性能和排放研究

以-10号军用柴油为基础油配置阻燃抑爆柴油,在WP10.290发动机上进行了台架实验,考察了使用阻燃抑爆柴油时的动力性、经济性和排放性。结果表明:燃用阻燃抑爆柴油相比于燃用-10号军柴会一定程度上降低输出功率和扭矩,动力性能下降2.31%~4.26%;燃用阻燃抑爆柴油时平均质量燃油消耗率较燃用军用柴油时增加了5.74%。体积燃油消耗率与军用柴油相比,平均增加了4.32%;能够降低NO的排放,NO的排放量相较于-10号军柴降低了7%~19%;能够降低排气温度,相比较于-10#军柴,阻燃抑爆柴油的排气温度最大可以降低19.5℃。     

网状铝合金抑爆材料抑爆性能研究

为评价网状铝合金材料的阻隔防爆性能,基于多孔材料的阻隔防爆机理,采用抑爆材料抑爆性能测试装置和可燃气体爆炸箱及高速摄像机,研究材料在不同填充密度、不同留空率下对液化石油气的燃爆压力的影响,及液化石油气火焰在填充材料的爆炸箱中的传播过程。试验结果表明:填充密度为35 kg/m3、留空率为5%时,材料抑爆性能最好;当抑爆材料在容器内的填充密度一定时,其燃爆压力随留空率增加而增加;与未填充材料相比,填充材料后火焰衰减;此外,得到填充密度、留空率和燃爆压力间的数学拟合公式。降低留空率、增加填充密度能够更好地提高阻隔防爆性能。     

抑爆粉剂浓度及粒度对瓦斯爆炸抑制效果的影响

抑爆粉剂的参数指标是影响隔抑爆装置抑制瓦斯爆炸效果的重要因素之一。通过20 L球形爆炸特性实验装置对多种不同抑爆粉剂浓度及粒度条件下的瓦斯爆炸特性参数进行了测试。研究表明:随着抑爆剂浓度的逐渐增加,瓦斯爆炸最大压力降低,最大压力上升速率降低,压力到达峰值时间延迟;在20 L密闭环境,粉剂粒度＜15 μm的条件下,当抑爆粉剂浓度增加到225 g/m3时,瓦斯混合气体被完全惰化,失去爆炸性;在15~80 μm抑爆粉剂粒度范围内,随着粒度的减小,抑爆性能先减弱后增强,在抑爆粉剂浓度为200 g/m3时,15 μm 与70~80 μm粉剂粒度最大爆炸压力分别下降了19.8%,17.8%,而40~50 μm粒度爆炸压力下降了6.4%。     

空气泡沫驱伴生气燃爆特性及临界氧体积分数变化规律研究

为了探究高初始压力条件下空气泡沫驱井筒伴生气的燃爆特性，设计并搭建了高温高压可燃气体燃爆特性测试系统，对井筒伴生气的爆炸上限、下限以及临界氧体积分数等燃爆特性进行了测试。测量结果表明，随着初始温度和压力的升高，爆炸下限和临界氧体积分数降低，爆炸上限增加，伴生气的危险性增加。在0.5 MPa和10℃条件下伴生气的爆炸极限为2.01%～19.97%,而在15 MPa和80℃时爆炸极限迅速扩大至1.14%～56.67%。临界氧体积分数的测试结果从11.85%(0.5 MPa, 10℃)下降到8.91%(15 MPa, 80℃),最大差值为2.94%。根据试验结果拟合了临界氧体积分数的经验式，可快速评定不同初始条件下伴生气的安全氧含量。     

障碍物条件下纳米SiO2粉体抑制瓦斯爆炸特性

为了研究障碍物条件下纳米SiO_2粉体对瓦斯爆炸的抑制特性,采用自行搭建的150 mm×150 mm×500 mm可视化瓦斯爆炸试验系统,分别对不同质量浓度和粒径的纳米SiO_2粉体抑爆特性进行了试验研究。结果表明:在障碍物条件下,纳米SiO_2粉体对瓦斯爆炸具有良好的抑制效果,0.10 g/L的30 nm SiO_2粉体可使9.5%瓦斯气体的最大火焰传播速度降低35%,爆炸超压降低34%;然而,纳米SiO_2粉体并非质量浓度越大抑爆效果越好,而是存在最佳抑爆质量浓度,即随纳米SiO_2粉体质量浓度上升,其抑爆性能先增大后减小,最佳抑爆质量浓度约为0.10 g/L;此外,纳米SiO_2粉体的抑爆性能与其粒径相关,且存在最佳抑爆粒径,相同质量浓度下30 nm SiO_2粉体比15nm和50 nm SiO_2粉体的抑爆效果好。     

采用火焰传感器的高速抑爆响应系统测试研究

为实现主动抑制瓦斯爆炸,研制了高速抑爆响应系统。选用尺寸为150mm×150mm×1 600mm的有机玻璃管道,在CH4体积分数为9.5%的条件下进行响应系统测试实验。系统采用火焰传感器进行爆炸火焰探测,通过所设计的程序自主判定瓦斯爆炸的发生并输出控制电信号,以继电器或MOS管为电路控制开关,通过电磁阀控制抑爆剂的喷出。实验结果表明,火焰传感器探测、信号采集、爆炸判断、输出电信号的总平均耗时为22ms,抑爆剂开始释放的平均时刻为59.8ms,抑爆剂释放到管道顶端的平均时刻为79.8ms。而爆炸火焰传播到达喷头所在1.0m处平均时刻为176.2ms。实验表明该系统具有高速主动抑爆响应功能和良好的稳定性、可靠性。     

超细冷气溶胶抑制油气预混爆炸实验研究

大型油罐区火灾事故往往伴随着油气爆炸,对应急救援消防官兵生命安全带来威胁.具有可压缩性、流动性和弥散性特征的超细干粉冷气溶胶对泄漏可燃油气爆燃爆轰有抑制作用.采用三路进气20L球试验装置模拟油气-空气与超细干粉冷气溶胶预混点火燃爆过程,实验结果表明:超细干粉冷气溶胶具有物理和化学双重抑爆作用,随着抑爆剂用量的增大其最大爆炸压力和最大爆炸压力上升速率呈下降趋势,且爆炸感应期明显被滞后;抑爆过程油气爆炸指数快速下降后趋于稳定,抑爆效果与超细粉体本身特性、抑爆剂用量及油气点火时刻有关.该研究有助于优化油气环境的最佳抑爆条件,对大型储油罐区油气防火防爆防护和抑爆技术的应用具有积极意义.     

微乳化柴油火焰传播特性的试验研究

采用高速照相机记录火焰传播过程,并运用ProAnalyst软件分别对微乳化柴油的主火焰高度和闪火焰传播速度进行了测量和追踪分析。结果表明：各时刻的微乳化柴油主火焰均不是连续的,呈现“跳跃式”传播,并且主火焰的最大高度显著小于-10PD 的主火焰最大高度;微乳化柴油火焰传播的平均速度以及最大瞬时速度均远小于-10PD ,而 HS -10火焰传播的平均速度以及最大瞬时速度在3种不同含水量的微乳化柴油中也均为最小。微乳化柴油的阻燃防火性能明显优于-10PD 的主要原因是其中的水分对火焰燃烧产生了较强的抑制作用。     

甲苯-环己烷混合气体燃爆特性试验研究

针对挥发性有机物(Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs)治理工程易发生的有机气体燃爆问题进行研究,以甲苯、环己烷2种典型VOCs气体为研究对象,研究其在不同条件下闪点、自燃点和爆炸下限的变化规律。结果表明,随混合样品中甲苯体积分数增加,混合蒸气的闪点由-17℃增加到9℃,自燃温度由264.1℃增加至515.9℃,爆炸下限由0.917%上升到1.252%。当混合样品中闪点、自燃温度和爆炸下限均较低的环己烷体积分数增大时,气体混合物的燃爆危险性相应增大。甲苯-环己烷混合样品(体积比为1∶1)的自燃点随质量浓度增加呈现先降低后上升的趋势,质量浓度为0.417 g/L时自燃温度最低,为461.82℃,混合样品在此质量浓度下最易发生自燃。当初始温度从65℃上升到165℃时,甲苯-环己烷混合蒸气(体积比为1∶1)爆炸下限降低,由1.310%降至0.980%,初始温度升高使混合气体爆炸的危险性增大。     

泡沫金属对甲烷/空气爆燃火焰的淬熄实验研究

为研究多孔材料对甲烷/空气预混气体爆燃火焰的抑制淬熄效果,运用一套自主设计的管道爆炸抑制系统进行实验研究。在实验中运用高速摄像机记录爆燃火焰在穿过多孔材料板时的淬熄过程,采用20,40,60,80PPI (孔目数) 的4种多孔材料,研究不同孔目数的多孔材料对爆燃火焰传播的形态结构、火焰传播速度以及抑制淬熄等特性的影响。结果表明:多孔材料的孔目数对爆燃火焰传播的早期阶段影响较小,爆燃火焰都经历了半球形火焰和指形火焰阶段;当火焰传播到多孔材料板时,孔目数越大对火焰的降速作用越强,80PPI工况下爆燃火焰不能穿过多孔材料板,即发生淬熄。实验结果揭示了多孔材料对火焰的淬熄作用与微孔通道和火焰的相互作用有关。     

Study on the preparation of novel NiB/Hβ-Al2O3 micro-mesoporous suppressant and its inhibition mechanism of coal dust explosion flame

Coal dust explosion is one of the serious accidents in the coal industry. It is of great significance to study the flame suppression of coal dust explosions. In this paper, a novel active component NiB with amorphous structure for explosion suppression was synthesized by the chemical reduction method. Furthermore, the novel explosion suppressant NiB/Hβ-Al₂O₃ was prepared through the kneading method by loading novel amorphous NiB nanoparticles on Hβ-Al₂O₃ with the micro-mesoporous structure as the carrier. The morphology and structure of NiB/Hβ-Al₂O₃ were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, and FTIR, which showed that the NiB/Hβ-Al₂O₃ has proper pore structure and NiB nanoparticles are uniformly distributed as active components for explosion suppression in suppressant. Hartmann tube was used to evaluate the inhibition of coal dust deflagration. The results showed that the flame propagation distance and velocity decreased with the increase of the explosion suppressant. When the addition of explosion suppressant was 30 wt%, the explosion of coal dust was suppressed effectively. Furthermore, combing with the analysis results of the products after coal dust deflagration, the physical and chemical inhibition mechanism of the novel NiB/Hβ-Al₂O₃ explosion suppressant on coal dust deflagration was put forward.     

竖直分支管道泄爆开启压力对甲烷爆燃压力的影响研究

针对市政排污管网等典型受限空间内可燃气体爆燃风险,建立由水平管道和竖直分支管道构成的数值模型,研究竖直分支管道不同泄爆开启压力对甲烷爆燃压力的影响.研究结果表明:不同泄爆开启压力条件下,管道内存在爆燃压力积聚和泄放的双重效应;水平管道内各测点压力时程曲线均表现为先增大后减小而后出现亥姆霍兹振荡,随着与爆源距离的增加,初...     

可燃气体爆炸破坏效应的试验研究

借助高速摄像机及ProAnalyst软件,研究可燃气体体积分数和障碍物对可燃气体爆炸破坏力的影响。测定不同体积分数下的甲烷-空气预混气体爆炸冲击波超压,和爆炸火焰波在有无乒乓球方向传播的平均速度。试验结果表明:超压和平均速度均随着甲烷体积分数的增加呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,其最大值均出现在甲烷体积分数为10%～11%之间;同一体积分数下的甲烷-空气预混气体爆炸火焰波在有乒乓球方向传播的平均速度比没有乒乓球方向传播的平均速度大。根据试验结果,推导出可燃气体爆炸冲击波超压和爆炸火焰波传播平均速度与可燃气体体积分数之间的函数关系,并得出障碍物对爆炸火焰波传播的加速作用随着体积分数的增加呈现先加强后减弱的变化趋势。     

抛光铝粉爆炸及ABC粉体抑爆特性的实验研究

为研究抛光铝粉的爆炸危险和ABC粉体的抑爆特性,在对实验粉体粒径分布进行分析的基础上,采用20 L粉尘爆炸特性实验装置,分别对不同铝粉尘浓度、不同抑爆剂浓度条件下的爆炸特性参数进行测试。研究结果表明:在实验条件下,铝粉的爆炸下限为45 g/m3＜C＜60 g/m3;随铝粉浓度增加,爆炸烈度呈现出先增强后减弱的变化趋势,在浓度为400 g/m3时爆炸烈度最大。ABC抑爆剂能够有效抑制铝粉爆炸超压和爆炸反应进程,随着惰性粉体浓度的增加,抑制效果愈加明显,爆炸逐渐减弱。当ABC惰性粉体的质量占比增加到50%时,相较单一铝粉爆炸,反应过程时间由72 ms增加至785 ms,爆炸最大压力、最大压力上升速率分别下降了61.7%,89.5%;当ABC粉体质量占比为53%时,铝粉被完全惰化,未发生爆炸。     

Investigations on explosion characteristics of ethyl acetate

In this study, the confined explosion characteristics of ethyl acetate were investigated in a constant volume explosion vessel using the initial pressure of 1–4 bar, the initial temperature of 358–418 K, and the equivalence ratio of 0.8–1.4. It was revealed that the peak explosion pressure and the maximum pressure rise rate of ethyl acetate increased as the initial pressure increased and the initial temperature decreased. The peak explosion pressure and maximum pressure rise rate were obtained at the equivalence ratio of 1.2 due to increased heat release rate. Furthermore, the explosion time decreased as the initial pressure decreased. In summation, EA experimental and theoretical deflagration index were investigated and compared. The experimental deflagration index showed that EA explosion was less dangerous, whereas the theoretical deflagration predicted that the explosion could be more hazardous.     

Experimental study on CO2/CF3I suppression of methane-air explosion and flame propagation

To explore the inhibitory effects of CF₃I and CO₂ gas on the explosion pressure and flame propagation characteristics of 9.5% methane, a spherical 20 L experimental explosion device was used to study the effect of the gas explosion suppressants on the maximum explosion pressure, maximum explosion pressure rise rate and flame propagation speed of methane. The results indicated that with a gradual increase in the volume fraction of the gas explosion suppressant, the maximum explosion pressure of methane and maximum explosion pressure rise rate gradually decreased, and the time taken to reach the maximum explosion pressure and maximum explosion pressure rise rate was gradually delayed. At the same time, the flame propagation speed gradually decreased. Additionally, the time taken for the flame to reach the edge of the window and the time taken for a crack as well as a cellular structure to appear on the flame surface was gradually delayed. The fluid dynamics uncertainty was suppressed. The explosion pressure and flame propagation processes were markedly suppressed, but the flame buoyancy instability was gradually enhanced. By comparing the effects of the two gas explosion suppressants on the pressure and flame propagation characteristics, it was found that at the same volume fraction, trifluoroiodomethane was significantly better than carbon dioxide in suppressing the explosion of methane. By comparing the reduction rates of the characteristic methane explosion parameters at a volume fraction of 9.5%, it was observed that the inhibitory effect of 4% trifluoroiodomethane on the maximum explosion pressure was approximately 4.6 times that of the same amount of carbon dioxide, and the inhibitory effect of 4% trifluoroiodomethane on the maximum explosion pressure rise rate and flame propagation speed was approximately 2.7 times that of the same amount of carbon dioxide. The addition of 0.5%–1.5% trifluoromethane to 4% and 8% carbon dioxide can improve the explosion suppression efficiency of carbon dioxide. This enhancing phenomenon is a comprehensive manifestation of the oxygen-decreasing effect of carbon dioxide and the trifluoroiodomethane-related endothermic effect and reduction in key free radicals.