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In the UK for the period 1994-99, a broad range of environmental projects were given financial support through the European Agriculture Guidance and Guarantee Fund under the Objective 1 and Objective 5b programmes. This paper is concerned with the ex-post evaluation of these projects set within a Sustainable Development framework. The aim was to identify project types or characteristics that offered the greatest return on investment. A classification of six broad project types was adopted. The evaluation revealed that there were significant differences between individual projects with respect to the type and scale, and temporal and social distribution of the benefits they delivered. In particular, as well as delivering environmental and economic benefits, many projects made a significant contribution to the development of human and social capital. The paper concludes that it is possible to improve the basis for future project selection in order to maximise the returns on environmental investments in the context of sustainable development. 相似文献
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环境规制往往面临规制失灵的困境,而信息不对称是规制失灵的重要原因。环境信息是一种重要的环境规制工具,可以改变环境规制能力不足与规制意愿不足的问题。在大数据条件下,环境信息可以降低政府环境规制成本,实现环境规制的互动。随着技术的发展,环境大数据对环境规制会发挥更加积极的作用,并促进环境规制向精准规制、反身性规制、整体性规制的方向发展,有效地提高环境规制的绩效。 相似文献
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环境法的价值是环境法学科体系建设的出发点和归宿。价值是主体对评判对象的评价,评估主体的认定是价值确定的前提。环境法的价值指涉遵循生态规律,协调人与自然的关系,维系稳定的秩序,保障公平、公正的分配正义。 相似文献
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Stephen Michael Dark 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2017,60(12):2122-2132
The precautionary principle is regularly cited in cases that involve development in eco-sensitive locations. We investigated whether the precautionary principle provides the basis for a coherent framework to prevent environmental harm, and does it work in practice? We suggest that, in principle, the precautionary principle makes good sense. In practice, however, it is imprecise in policy and law and fails to fulfil its promise because it is loosely defined and thus lacks substance and clarity. Consequently, it operates in a framework that is ambiguous, leaving it open to manipulation by discretionary powers. To counter such deficiencies, human-induced environmental harm should be formally observed as ‘criminogenic’ and environmental protection prioritised against which other competing priorities (e.g., ‘year on year’ economic growth) are measured. This would overcome the politico-legal obfuscation and contestations of climate change policy that currently impedes the precautionary principle's practical application. 相似文献
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回顾了中国改革开放三十年来环境法治建设取得的主要成就,并对我国环境立法、环境执法、环境司法和理论研究方面提出了建议。 相似文献
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Marie‐Jose Roy Franois Thrin 《Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management》2008,15(5):249-259
This article presents the results of an empirical study that investigated the relationship between a firm's knowledge acquisition activities and its environmental commitment. The study focuses on both regular knowledge acquisition activities and those specific to environmental issues. Statistical analyses of the data obtained from a sample of 136 Canadian manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) were conducted. Study results first revealed that regular knowledge acquisition activities and those specific to environmental issues are positively related to environmental commitment. Results also suggest that SMEs use different knowledge sources when acquiring environmental knowledge and that trade associations and suppliers play a significant role in this process. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. 相似文献
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This article presents an examination of pro‐environmental purchasing behaviour (PPB) and how it is influenced by demographics, environmental knowledge (a factor rather neglected so far) and attitudes (environmental unconcern). PPB was found to be adopted at a rather low level; less than 20% of Greeks may be characterized as relatively frequent pro‐environmental purchasers. The higher scores were obtained with reference to energy and water conservation, reduction of overall consumption and avoidance of products containing genetically modified organisms. The consumers also declared they very often choose the eco‐friendly alternative of a product when there is no significant price difference. The results indicated that professionals, 35–55 years old, holding a graduate and/or a postgraduate degree and with an annual income of 25–30 thousand Euros are those who are more engaged in PPB in Greece. PPB was found to be correlated positively and moderately with environmental knowledge and negatively and moderately with environmental unconcern. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. 相似文献
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Hauke Von Seht 《Local Environment》2013,18(1):23-34
Local environmental policies are sometimes seen as standing in the way of socio-economic progress. Against the background of these concerns, the actual socio-economic impacts of climate protection measures are discussed in this paper. It is structured as follows. First, the concept of primary and secondary effects of climate policies is introduced. Secondly, there is a discussion of financial and economic impacts of local climate policies. Finally, information is given on the consequences of such measures for local energy security and air quality. The main conclusion is that, at least in the field of climate policies, there is a huge potential for local measures that are socioeconomically attractive to local communities. HAUKE VON SEHT, Impactos socio-económicos de políticas del medio ambiente local, un análisis para el campo de protección climática . Las políticas ambientales locales son vistas algunas veces como si estuvieran en la via del progreso socio-económico. En contra de los antecedentes de estos asuntos, los impactos socio-económicos actuales de las medidas de protección climaticas son discutidos en este documento. Está extructurado de la siguiente manera: Primero serán introducidos el concepto de efectos primarios y secundarios de las políticas climáticas. Luego sigue una discusión de impactos económicos y financieros de las políticas climáticas locales, seguido por información de las consecuencias de tales medidas para la calidad del aire y seguridad de energía local. La conclusión principal es que por lo menos en el campo de las políticas climáticas hay un inmenso potencial de medidas locales que son socio-económicamente actractivas a las comunidades locales. 相似文献
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范红霞 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2011,21(1):4-7
环境法是一个新兴的部门法,对其基本原则的认定在学界观点颇多,没有形成统一的认识。环境责任原则在我国经历了一个从发展到完善的过程,体现了环境公平与正义的价值取向,反映了环境法可持续发展的本质特征,应该作为环境法的基本原则。同时,应通过法律制度的建设贯彻该原则,以发挥其对环境资源开发、利用、保护和管理等活动的指导作用。 相似文献
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我国突发环境事件应急法制法律原则的探析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
法律原则对法律制度的建立、发展和完善起着尤为重要的指导作用。我国突发环境事件应急法制还处于起步阶段,相关法律研究也存在欠缺和不深入的问题。本文在比较几种相关概念的法律原则的基础上,总结环境应急法制法律原则的特征,试提出我国环境应急法制所要遵循的几条法律原则。 相似文献
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对深圳市重点农牧渔建设项目的环境保护工作进行了综述。结果表明 ,这些工作对有效地减轻项目的污染 ,最大可能地利用项目产出的各种废物 ,维护项目区生态环境的良性发展起到了重要的作用。文章同时结合深圳的具体实际对存在的一些问题进行了讨论 ,并提出了一些切实可行的建议。这些讨论对内地城市也有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
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《Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management》2018,25(5):981-990
To synthesize the literature on upper echelons theory, regulatory focus theory and the resource‐based view, this study examined the relationship of CEOs' regulatory focus, slack resources and firms' environmental innovation. Through the investigation of 191 manufacturing firms in China, we found that a CEO's promotion focus had a positive influence both on the firm's environmental processes and on product innovation, while a CEO's prevention focus had a negative influence. In addition, slack resources moderated the influence of the CEO's promotion focus on a firm's environmental process innovation in a positive way, while also positively moderating the influence of a CEO's prevention focus on a firm's environmental product innovation. Our results indicated that firms could deploy resources based on the CEOs' regulatory focus to facilitate firms' environmental innovation. 相似文献
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面对当前日益严峻的环境风险和生态危机,环境领域的两大规制模式——命令控制规制模式和激励规制模式呈现规制失灵、治理不力的困境。从反身法理论来阐释,是由于这两种规制模式忽略了法律系统与其他社会子系统自身的独特运行逻辑,法律系统具有运行的封闭性与认知的开放性,有效的规制模式必须实现不同系统之间的结构耦合。反身规制是一种对自我规制的规制,其在承认法律自身规制局限性的基础上,培育其他子系统的反思结构,为提升当前环境治理绩效提供了一个新路径。实现对环境风险的反身规制,需要从信息披露、程序设计及商谈规范方面建构相应的法律制度。 相似文献
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袁小英 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2016,(4):11-13,18
我国污染场地再利用的开发活动日渐增多,伴随场地的再利用对环境和人体健康造成不良影响的环境事件也愈加频繁。在土壤污染防治立法、相关的土壤环境质量标准与监管制度都欠缺的情况下,针对污染场地再利用环境风险管理的项目规划的失当、环境风险评估指标的缺失及监督管理制度不健全的障碍,应加强区域环评与单项建设项目环评的协调,落实场地监管主体、层级及各自的监管职责,形成环境损害赔偿机制,从而健全场地环境风险管理制度。 相似文献
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环境健康风险防控是当今社会密切关注的常态化问题,面对环境健康风险危机日益突出的情况,将环境健康风险纳入法律之治势在必行。然而,该领域涉及科学不确定性因素,且该因素对环境健康风险规制造成了消极影响。若以确定性法律来规范环境健康风险中的科学不确定性,必定会增加立法、执法、司法和法律监督的难度与成本。为此,本文将动态法治与静态诉求相结合,从法律运行角度发现环境健康风险规制所涉及的科学不确定性问题,并寻求解决该问题的法律路径,以期对化解当前频发的环境健康风险危机有所帮助。 相似文献
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伴随着多重社会转型同时进行的经济社会的跨越式发展,我国已进入风险社会阶段。在此背景下,结合从环境法视角对我国环境社会风险的演变历程进行梳理,不难发现现行规制体系尚无法周全应对我国面临的新情况、新问题。当前我国环境社会风险呈现出阶段风险叠加、地区差异明显、科学不确定性增强、域内外风险交融的显著特征。应在整体系统观的指导下,立足风险预防原则,平衡行政权力的扩张与控制,识别风险差异的类型化预防,开展社会化协力防控,以为法律因应。 相似文献