共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 718 毫秒
1.
National assessment of coastal vulnerability to sea-level rise for the Chinese coast 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Sea-level rise as a result of climate change increases inundation and erosion, which are affected by a complex interplay of
physical environmental parameters at the coast. China’s coast is vulnerable to accelerated sea-level rise and associated coastal
flooding because of physical and socio-economical factors such as its low topography, highly developed economy, and highly
dense population. To identify vulnerable sections of the coast, this paper presents a national assessment of the vulnerability
of the Chinese coast using 8 physical variables: sea-level rise, coastal geomorphology, elevation, slope, shoreline erosion,
land use, mean tide range, and mean wave height. A coastal vulnerability index was calculated by integrating the differentially
weighted rank values of the 8 variables, based on which the coastline is segmented into 4 classes. The results show that 3%
of the 18,000-km-long Chinese coast is very highly vulnerable, 29% is highly vulnerable, 58% is moderately vulnerable, and
10% is in the low-vulnerable class. Findings further reveal that large amounts of land and population will be vulnerable to
inundation by coastal flooding from sea level rise and storm surge. Finally, some suggestions are presented for decision makers
and other concerned stakeholders to develop appropriate coastal zone management and mitigation measures. 相似文献
2.
A GIS-based vulnerability assessment of coastal natural hazards,state of Pará, Brazil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Studies carried out in the NE coastal zone of the State of Pará (Brazil) have recorded, in the last 25 years, numerous evidence
of natural impacts of the flood and erosion processes. As a consequence, diverse strategies and measures of population adaptation
have been implemented but with limited success. Therefore, in order to subsidize the Coastal Zone Management Program of Pará,
this paper aims to identify, assess and classify natural and socio-economic vulnerabilities of this coastal zone by means
of a Geographical Information Systems (GIS)-based composite coastal vulnerability index (CVI). In spite of the data problems
and shortcomings, using ESRI’s Arcview 3.2 program, the CVI score, to classify, weight and combine a number of 16 separate
natural and socio-economic variables to create a single indicator provides a reliable measure of differences (5 classes) among
regions and communities that are exposed to similar ranges of hazards. The results are presented in three maps referred to
as Natural, Socioeconomic and Total Vulnerability. The confidence associated with the results obtained, the need to utilize
another variables, and to frequently update the ones used already were analyzed and discussed. 相似文献
3.
GIS assessment of coastal vulnerability to climate change and coastal adaption planning in Vietnam 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Isaac Boateng 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2012,16(1):25-36
Vietnam’s coastal zone provides a diverse range of natural resources and favourable conditions for social and economic development.
However, its coastal ecosystems are highly vulnerable, due to several natural coastal hazards, over-exploitation and other
human activities. In spite of diverse interventions, Vietnam’s coastal zone continues to experience significant damage from
floods, erosion and typhoons. These hazards are being intensified by climate change and associated rising sea levels. This
paper assesses the potential vulnerability of Vietnam’s coast to climate change and discusses possible adaptation policies
and plan to reduce the impacts. GIS analysis was used for the assessment of coastal vulnerability. Related literature was
reviewed to develop detailed understanding of coastal adaptation to climate change. Adaptation policies and plans were appraised
to identify potential coastal adaptation policies and plans that could be adapted by Vietnam. It was identified that vulnerability
of the coastal zone of Vietnam could not be attributed only to climatic factors, but also to the physical condition of the
coastline. Much of Vietnam’s coastline, particularly, areas around the Red River delta and the Mekong River have elevations
below 1 m. These coastlines are largely developed and serve as economic centres of the country, which makes the coast more
vulnerable to climate change and the rising sea level. The paper concluded that a non-structural approach (coastal buffer
zones, building houses on stilts, storm warning systems, growing of flood-resistant crops and elevated storm shelters with
medicine and food storage) could be used by Vietnam to adapt her low-lying coastline around the two deltas to climate change
as this strategy enables vulnerable areas to be occupied for longer before eventual retreat. However, for these policies to
be successful, it should be planned, implemented well in advance, monitored and evaluated over time. 相似文献
4.
Interactions between water and land in The Netherlands 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Netherlands are one of the most densely populated coastal countries in the world and there is only limited space for living,
working, transport and recreation, while there is also the need to preserve and expand valuable natural habitats. In order
to solve many existing and future conflicts of interest, and in order to create ‘added value’, strategies are developed to
optimize the use of water-land systems.
The principle of ‘building with nature’ is applied in order to integrate land in sea and water in land in such a way that
future generations will be able to use coastal resources in a sustainable way, including a minimal effort to maintain the
coastline and the promotion of a multiple-use system.
The concept of Integrated multifunctional sustainable coastal zone development is introduced. This concept deals with a balanced
approach to the lack of space for present and future coastal uses in relation to each other, to the hinterland, and to the
sea. Flexible master plans are developed, taking into account many functions of the coastal zone, and facilitating adaptation
to future developments—e.g. impacts of climate change and relative sea level rise. In this regard increasing the flexibility
of the coastal zone is of vital importance.
Large-scale coastal land reclamations in The Netherlands are dealt with, based on two different principles: (1) polder systems
(low lying land reclamations surrounded and protected by dikes), (2) systems of ‘building with nature’—land reclamation protected
by man-made foreshores, beaches and dunes. In the latter type new flexible dynamic-equilibrium coasts are created for many
functions, while coastal vulnerability is reduced and a flexible coast is developed. 相似文献
5.
Climate change associated with sea level rise (SLR) is one of the major environmental concerns of today. This paper presents
an assessment of the impacts of sea level rise on the coastal zone of Kanyakumari District in Tamilnadu, India. Digital Elevation
Model (DEM) combined with overlay techniques in GIS are used in determining the inundation zones along the coastal region.
The analysis evaluated the impact on coastal fishing villages, landuse, tourist spots and sensitive areas under threat. The
vulnerability of the coastal areas in Kanyakumari to inundation was quantified, based on the projected sea level rise scenarios
of 0.5 and 1 m. Our findings reveal that approximately 13 km2 of the land area of Kanyakumari would be permanently inundated due to SLR. This would result in loss of land, alteration
of the coastal zone and affects coastal ecosystem. From the study, the mitigation measures (engineering measures) and Coastal
Zone Management practices that can be taken to protect human life and property from sea level rise are suggested. 相似文献
6.
Kwasi Appeaning Addo 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2011,15(4):433-443
Coastal features in Ghana's Accra coast reflect both past and present processes that have been undergoing changes. These changes
are influenced by a range of morphogenic factors such as geology and climatic conditions. These regimes have shaped the coastal
geomorphic features through weathering processes that decompose and disintegrate the coastal rock. Sea level rise due to climate
change is expected to increase coastal erosion and thus result in rapid changes in shoreline positions. Historic rate of sea
level rise in Accra coast is about 2 mm/yr (Ibe & Quelennec, 1989) which is predicted to reach approximately 6 mm/yr in the
next century since it conforms to the global change (Armah et al., 2005). This will result in flooding of vulnerable areas and enable waves to break closer inland. The effectiveness of the erosion
process is aided considerably by the type of geology. Accra coastal zone has three types of rock in three identified geomorphic
regions. They include unconsolidated and poorly consolidated rock along the western region, the Accraian series occupying
the central region and the Dahomeyan series in the eastern region. The geology has thus influenced the extent to which the
coastal features have changed and the type of cliff that is formed as a result of erosion within the regions. Generally, soft
rock coastal features decay more rapidly than those of hard rock and tend to act as sediment sources. Human activities such
as dam construction over the Densu River, engineering interventions to check the spread of erosion and sand mining has created
sediment deficit which has exacerbated coastal erosion in Accra. Anthropogenic factors are estimated to account for 70-90%
of coastal erosion problems in Accra. 相似文献
7.
J. S. Mani 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2001,7(1):23-30
The Chennai coast, an integral part of the east coast of India, extends over ca. 35 km. Over the past 120 yr the coastline
has witnessed both man-made and natural disturbances which led to the destruction of the beach front. The construction of
Madras harbour in 1876, was the prime cause of the degradation of this very sensitive coastal region. Continued growth of
Madras harbour has helped in the natural formation of the wide ‘Marina Beach’, south of the harbour. But the shoreline north
of the harbour suffered the consequences of harbour development activities. The north shore receded by ca. 500 m over the
past 120 yr and received attention from the authorities in the past few decades because of the growing awareness of the conservation
value of the coast. This paper highlights the effects of Madras harbour development on the adjoining coast and on the shortterm
mitigation measures planned and executed by the Government agencies to protect the fragile coastline. In spite of sincere
efforts to protect the coastline, the destruction continues unabated due to various reasons. This paper analyses the facts
and suggests a long-term solution to protect the coastline and to regain the past glory. Feasible and cost effective permanent
measures are identified, construction methods suggested and the advantages that the community can derive from the longterm
solutions are discussed. 相似文献
8.
Christine Schleupner 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2007,11(2):91-103
Accelerated sea level rise and hurricanes are increasingly influencing human coastal activities. With respect to the projected
continuation of accelerated sea level rise and global warming one must count with additional expenses for adaptation strategies
along the coasts. On the mountainous island Martinique the majority of settlements are situated along the coast almost at
sea level. But potential rises in sea level and its impacts are not addressed in coastal management, even though saltwater
intrusion and coastal erosion with increasing offshore loss of sediment are locally already a severe problem. At a sea level
rise of 50 cm, one fourth of Martinique’s coastline will be affected by erosion and one fifth of the islands surface will
have high probability to get flooded during coastal hazards. This is a growth of 5% of the impact area in comparison to present
conditions. This article analyses potential adaptation strategies and argues that the development of a coastal zone management
plan considering sea level rise and its impact area is of utmost importance. Empirical assessment models in combination with
spatial analysis are useful in obtaining statements about coastal impacts concerning sea level rise. This paper sees itself
as recommendation of action not only for Martinique.
相似文献
Christine SchleupnerEmail: |
9.
Since the beginning of the 20th century the Belgian coast has undergone important changes of which an overview is presented
here. To determine the view of the Belgian public on the Belgian coast and in order to obtain their opinions and solutions
to the problems along the Belgian coast, a questionnaire survey was conducted with a total of 100 respondents divided into
five groups, all active in the coastal zone. The five groups included (1) politicians on various levels of authority, (2)
coastal entrepreneurs and business people, (3) naturalists and scientists, (4) coastal residents and (5) tourists. Coastal
zone problems, as perceived by the different groups, and their solutions are discussed. Former municipalities, in particular,
were held responsible for the current coastal problems. Most respondents were skeptic about the application of recent juridical
instruments (e.g. the Dune Decree), the structural plans and their power to protect the remaining natural areas. The root
of the problems seems to lie in lack of coordination and communication between different authorities responsible for the coastal
zone. 相似文献
10.
Baseline resource information in an easily accessible form is a vital starting point for developing coastal zone management.
On behalf of a wide-ranging group of organizations involved in the management of the U.K. maritime zone, the Joint Nature
Conservation Committee (JNCC) is compiling a series of 16 regional volumes. The volumes contain multidisciplinary coastal
zone resource information arranged in ten chapters under the general title ‘Coasts and Seas of the UK’. These volumes form
part of a series of paper and electronic publications of coastal information being produced by JNCC's Coastal Directories
Project and are designed to meet the needs of planners and all others involved in decision-making and management of the coast. 相似文献
11.
C. F. Robson N. C. Davidson J. H. Barne J. P. Doody 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》1996,2(2):179-182
Baseline resource information in an easily accessible form is a vital starting point for developing coastal zone management.
On behalf of a wide-ranging group of organizations involved in the management of the U.K. maritime zone, the Joint Nature
Conservation Committee (JNCC) is compiling a series of 16 regional volumes. The volumes contain multi-disciplinary coastal
zone resource information arranged in ten chapters under the general title ‘Coasts and Seas of the UK’. These volumes form
part of a series of paper and electronic publications of coastal information being produced by JNCC’s Coastal Directories
Project and are designed to meet the needs of planners and all others involved in decision-making and management of the coast. 相似文献
12.
Coastal systems are characterized by high geophysical and biophysical sensitivity as being their massive occupation a serious issue concerning their self-regulation. Worldwide coastal areas are exposed to problems such as coastal erosion, degradation and destruction of marine habitats, pollution and rising sea level. Thus, it is crucial to design models of coastal vulnerability assessment to ensure a better management of coastal areas. This study characterizes the vulnerability of the coastal stretch between the beaches of Porto de Mós and Falésia in the Algarve, corresponding to 52?km of the south coast of Portugal. The expansion of urban areas was modelled using a Cellular Automata (CA) based approach. Results show that 65% of the coastal stretch has high and very high vulnerability caused by both physical and human factors. Results further indicate that urban growth may interfere with the natural evolution of the coastal geomorphology. The scenario of urban expansion for the year 2015 highlights the need to develop effective urban planning processes to ensure a correct balance between the geophysical resilience of coastal systems and the promotion of the coastal sector as a strategic asset for the regional and national economy. 相似文献
13.
Detailed analysis of the land cover of the Estonian coastal zone is presented based on Estonian laws on coastal zone management,
the CORINE Land Cover (CLC) system, the status of protected areas, and administrative division data of Estonia. By law the
coastal zone is defined as a 200-m wide zone landward from the mean sea level line. The length of the Estonian coastline (including
the islands) is 3794 km. The 200-m zone of the Estonian coast is very diverse. Out of the 34 CORINE land cover types represented
in Estonia 30 are found in the coastal zone. Three dominating land cover types in the coastal zone of Estonia are inland marshes,
coniferous forest and semi-natural grassland. Their total share is 47%; the other 27 land cover types represented here cover
53% of the coastal zone. The Estonian coastal zone is generally in a good natural condition. The proportion of artificial
surfaces throughout the zone is merely 4.7%, while agricultural landscapes cover only ca. 10%. Land cover data for the coastal
zone are also presented by county. Of the 200-m coastal zone 24% is under protection, which is more than twice the value for
Estonia as a whole (11%). Legislative protection of the coastal zone is presently satisfactory. The use of the CORINE Land
Cover system enables comparisons with other European regions since CLC data have been compiled for most of Europe. 相似文献
14.
John Kiousopoulos 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2008,12(1):19-25
The general objective of this paper is to trigger off the development of a more comprehensive approach to Hellenic coastal
areas (in the perspective of territorial cohesion), at local level and especially along the non-urban areas close to the sea.
Methodological issues linked to the building of an appropriate coastal database constitute the key goal of this paper (the
space and time scale, the relationship to the already proposed set of indicators, the impact of driving forces and policies,
the possible sources of data and their feasibility etc.). Furthermore, specific emphasis should be given to the choice of
new indicators, particularly for the coastal abiotic environment and the land cover/uses along coastal areas, especially near
the seafront. Those indicators should be able to aid the formation (in the near future) of an algorithm linked to the total
man-made activities in coastal areas. In conclusion, this paper will be considered successful if the just above illustrated
objectives could enrich the argument about the typology of coastal areas and the development of a spatial (coastal) observatory.
Actually, this paper is part of a broader research of the author regarding the monitoring of coastal spatial changes in different
scales (AMICA, “Appraisal of man-made interventions along the Hellenic coastal areas”). This research aims to broaden the
coastal knowledge (not only by means of coastal data) on behalf of all stakeholders been implicated into sustainable spatial
planning, integrated coastal management and the strategic environmental assessment along coastal areas.
相似文献
John KiousopoulosEmail: |
15.
Assessing vulnerability to sea-level rise using a coastal sensitivity index: a case study from southeast Australia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Many of the world’s coasts appear vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and sea-level rise. This paper assesses the
application of a coastal sensitivity index (CSI) to the Illawarra coast, a relatively well-studied shoreline in southeast
Australia. Nine variables, namely (a) rock type, (b) coastal slope (c) geomorphology (d) barrier type (e) shoreline exposure
(f) shoreline change (g) relative sea-level rise (h) mean wave height and (j) mean tide range, were adopted in calculation
of the CSI (the square root of the product of the ranked variables divided by the number of variables). Two new variables,
shoreline exposure and barrier type, were trialled in this analysis and the extent to which these increased the discriminatory
power of the index was assessed. Four iterations of the CSI were undertaken using different combinations of ranked variables
for each of 105 cells in a grid template, and the index values derived were displayed based on quartiles, indicating sections
of coast with very high, high, moderate and low sensitivity. Increasing the number of variables increased the discriminatory
power of the index, but the broad pattern and the rank order were very similar for each of the iterations. Rocky and cliffed
sections of coast are least sensitive whereas sandy beaches backed by low plains or dunes record the highest sensitivity.
It is difficult to determine shoreline change on this coast, because individual storms result in substantial erosion of beaches,
but there are prolonged subsequent periods of accretion and foredune rebuilding. Consequently this variable is not a good
indicator of shoreline sensitivity and the index is unlikely to provide a clear basis for forecasting future recession of
beaches. The results of this study provide a framework for coastal managers and planners to prioritize efforts to enhance
the resilience or consider adaptation measures in the coastal zone within a study region. Sensitivity of the coast if considered
in conjunction with other social factors may be an input into broader assessments of the overall vulnerability of coasts and
their communities. 相似文献
16.
Gianluigi Di Paola Pietro Patrizio Ciro Aucelli Guido Benassai Javier Iglesias Germán Rodríguez Carmen Maria Rosskopf 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2018,22(5):1001-1015
The Coastal Vulnerability and Exposure Degree (CVED) of the Gran Canaria Island and the coastal risk of Playa de Las Canteras (Las Palmas de G.C.) have been assessed by means of a GIS analysis. The evaluation of coastal vulnerability (H) has been performed by using two different levels of analysis: the first one regarding the entire Island (Coastal Vulnerability Index method - CVI), the second one regarding specifically Las Canteras Beach, selected for its socio-economic importance (Coastal Vulnerability Assessment method - CVA). The application of the CVI method, based on geologic-geomorphologic and meteomarine data easily available, has allowed the regional scale assessment of coastal vulnerability (H) along the Gran Canaria coastline and, therefore, the individuation of more critical coast stretches deserving further analysis. The application of the CVA method, based on more specific morphologic-sedimentary beach features that allow to consider both the beach retreat due to storm surge and the coastal inundation due to run-up on the beach, has provided a large scale detail on the coastal vulnerability of Las Canteras Beach. Socio-economic and damage indexes have been determined for the 15 coastal municipalities included in the study area and, by means of the resulting matrix product, the degree of exposure (Ex) along the Gran Canaria coast has been assessed. Finally, the combination of coastal vulnerability and exposure levels has allowed to obtain the Coastal Vulnerability and Exposure Degree (CVED) for the entire Island and the risk levels that characterize specifically Las Canteras Beach. Major results in terms of CVED highlight prevailing low vulnerability and exposure levels along the western coast, and overall high vulnerability and exposure levels along the eastern coast, from Las Palmas de G.C. to San Bartolomé de Tirajana. The focus made on Playa de Las Canteras has allowed to identify the areas characterized by medium and high risk levels that represent approximately one third (940 m) of the entire beach and are located in its central part. The used two-level analysis approach has proved its efficiency by highlighting the degree of coastal vulnerability along the study coast and, especially, more critical coast stretches (CVI method) such as the Playa de Las Canteras that can be successfully analysed with the CVA approach allowing for a large-scale assessment of risk aspects, essential for a correct definition of priority management strategies. Results obtained with the present study, along with the awareness of the increasing phenomena of coastal erosion and marine flooding arising on the mid-long term due to the effects of global climate change, highlight the need for the competent public administrations of Gran Canaria to develop a strategic approach to coastal management and sustainable development that considers as a whole socio-economic values and natural resources, coastal vulnerability and exposure degree, and risk aspects. 相似文献
17.
18.
Drawing on the example of Argestidae Por, 1986b, community structure and large-scale distribution patterns of harpacticoid copepods at species level were examined in the
three southeastern Atlantic deep-sea basins. The study was based on 30 multicorer deployments at depths from 5,035 to 5,655 m
during the DIVA-2 expedition. The 1,176 adult and copepodid Argestidae from CIII onwards belong to 114 species. Some species
occurred at all five stations; others appeared to be exclusive for single stations. Inclusion of copepodids revealed a higher
similarity in species composition among the five stations than consideration of just adults and caused a slight shift toward
dominance of single species in the sediments at most locations. 相似文献
19.
Aušrinė Armaitienė Vadim L. Boldyrev Ramūnas Povilanskas Julius Taminskas 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2007,11(1):13-22
The varied and very dynamic landscape with a high biological diversity is a distinctive feature of the Curonian spit at the
regional scale. Throughout the 20th century the main morphodynamic trend in the littoral of the Curonian spit was shoreline
grading on the lagoon side, whereas on the marine side the increasing erosion at the foot of the spit, and increasing accretion
at the head of the spit prevailed. The results of a discriminant analysis (Wilkes’ λ = 0.001626 and F = 29.267 when p < 0.001) show that sites with prevailing erosion, accretion and sediment input from the drifting dunes form regular inter-related
spatial structures in the littoral with distinctive resulting discontinuities of the sediment drift along the lagoon coast.
Dune littoral cells are characterized by Aeolian sediment input and distribution ‘down-drift’, (usually northwards) from the
source. The most likely changes in the current development trends of the lagoon shore zone of the Curonian spit are related
to expected climate changes and further slowing down of the dune drift. The probability of storms and ice-drift events, and
their impact on coasts is expected to increase as a result of climate change. The dune advance will gradually slow down, and
with it, the sand input to the coastal zone will decline. In this paper, we define integrated shoreline management as a system
of long-term shoreline management measures, which is based on a littoral cell approach and aimed at harmonizing human activity
in the coastal zone with the natural development of the shoreline. We propose an integrated management program for the lagoon
shoreline of the Curonian spit, which is site-specific for each littoral cell as a coastal management unit. Drifting dunes
and seaside beaches are the natural amenities, which are best known and best appreciated on the Curonian spit by 49% of the
respondents representing the total Lithuanian population. A responsible tourism development should be considered as the key
means for proper appreciation of the drifting dunes and natural coasts by society, which means to acknowledge and cherish
the aesthetic and conservation values of dune and coastal landscapes of the Curonian spit as a World Heritage Site. There
are at least two pre-conditions for this: (1) to provide visitors with sufficient information about diverse values and functions
of the Curonian dunes and coasts within a broader regional and global heritage conservation context; (2) to enable tourists
to enjoy the most impressive dune and coastal landscapes at close range. In this paper we propose to encourage active dune
tourism, to reintroduce grazing into the Curonian dune areas, to restore and to preserve the most impressive landscapes of
the highest white drifting dunes by bringing the blown out sand from the leeward foot of the dunes back to the crest artificially. 相似文献
20.
We estimated and tested variability of seagrass leaf-associated epifaunal assemblages at a range of scales. Sampling was performed
in 36 seagrass (Zostera marina) meadows within three regions along the Swedish west coast following a hierarchical design (samples separated by 10 s m,
km or 100 km). Results showed strongest variability (43–81%) at the intermediate amongst-meadow (km) scale using biomass of
functional categories, while considering taxa composition the within-meadow (10 s m) scale contributed most to variability
(60%). Using functional categories, we found that embayment exposure and seagrass shoot density were the most important predictor
variables explaining part of the variability in biomass of suspension feeders (bivalves and barnacles) and grazers. In contrast,
variability in epifaunal taxa composition was predicted mainly by sediment chemistry, substratum coverage and geographical
positioning. Our findings suggest that models to develop predictive power and mechanistic understanding should focus on variables
and processes varying at small and intermediate scales rather than those varying at larger scales. 相似文献