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GIS在城市防震减灾研究中的应用综述 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:6
综述了地理信息系统(GIS)在城市防震减灾中的应用概况。地理信息系统强大的空间操作、分析、管理等功能,以及易于与其它应用模型结合的开放环境是它在城市防震减灾应用中迅速发展的动力。 相似文献
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城市防震减灾能力指标权数确定研究 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
研究了城市防震减灾能力指标体系中指标权数的确定方法,首先用层次分析法计算了三个评价准则相对于城市防震减灾能力目标的权数和影响城市防震减灾能力的六大因素相对于每个评价准则的权数,在确定六大因素内部各指标权数时,主要根据震害经验、震害实例和专家经验,并举例说明了用层次分析法和影响度思想来确定五个生命线系统相对于整个生命线系统的权数,及供电系统中电力设备指标数的确定方法。 相似文献
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在合肥市防震减灾示范区工作成果上,研制合肥市震害预测及震害快速评估系统,可用于地震经济损失,人员伤亡预测及震害评估,为合肥市震后早期趋势判定及防震减灾决策提供依据。 相似文献
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地震烈度包络线的遥感与GIS方法快速生成 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
地震烈度包络线通常用地面调查宏观地震影响和破坏现象来划分。本文介绍在完成国家“八五”科技攻关项目中,突破常规调查方法,采用遥感与GIS技术,在室内针对震害遥感影像完成震害分类分级,进而通过人机对话完成地震烈度包络线的快速生成的方法和技术。运用该技术以唐山地震区作模拟试验表明:遥感与GIS技术快速生成的高烈度包络线,不仅使大量实地调查变为室内遥感应用分析,时效提高了10倍,而且其轮廓形状更趋客观实际。 相似文献
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依据中国地震局有关建设防震减灾示范项目大纲的要求,就大型企业如何建立防震减灾计算机信息系统进行了研究,给出了地震危险性分析、地震地质背景及震害预测和对策,为企业防震减灾工艺的信息化管理,提供了经验和借鉴。 相似文献
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地震应急救灾与人员伤亡 总被引:11,自引:4,他引:7
讨论了近十年来城市型地震顺应急救灾和减少人员伤亡方面的新经验与新启示;和者们给出的地震人员伤亡旨烤和伤亡状态函数的概念,研究了应急救灾害行动与伤亡的关系。 相似文献
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Toxicological mass disasters have occurred frequently in past years and constitute a permanent threat in urban areas. From the standpoint of hospital planning, special consideration is required to treat a large number of poisoned casualties in a relatively short period. Several unique medical aspects characterize toxicological mass disasters: casualties present a single disease entity with many "borderline" cases, most medical personnel are unfamiliar with the problem and casualties present a potential contamination hazard to the hospital. A hospital deployment scheme is presented recommending Decontamination, Triage and simple Treatment Algorithms to meet the medical and organizational challenge of such a mass casualty situation. A further specific deployment scheme for treatment of organophosphorus agents poisoning is described to illustrate the principles presented. 相似文献
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Social vulnerability and the natural and built environment: a model of flood casualties in Texas 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Studies on the impacts of hurricanes, tropical storms, and tornados indicate that poor communities of colour suffer disproportionately in human death and injury.(2) Few quantitative studies have been conducted on the degree to which flood events affect socially vulnerable populations. We address this research void by analysing 832 countywide flood events in Texas from 1997-2001. Specifically, we examine whether geographic localities characterised by high percentages of socially vulnerable populations experience significantly more casualties due to flood events, adjusting for characteristics of the natural and built environment. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression models indicate that the odds of a flood casualty increase with the level of precipitation on the day of a flood event, flood duration, property damage caused by the flood, population density, and the presence of socially vulnerable populations. Odds decrease with the number of dams, the level of precipitation on the day before a recorded flood event, and the extent to which localities have enacted flood mitigation strategies. The study concludes with comments on hazard-resilient communities and protection of casualty-prone populations. 相似文献
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中国地震灾害与人文要素的相关性分析 总被引:2,自引:5,他引:2
中国的地震灾害与人员伤亡为世界最严重的国家之一,这不仅由于地震多、震级大、烈度高,多数地方建筑物抗震性能较低,而且还与人文因素密切相关。本文着重讨论了人品密度与震害伤亡人数的相关性,并分析了作息时间、作业方式、地震预报、心理状态等人文要素与震害伤亡人数的相关性。 相似文献
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Casualty treatment after earthquake disasters: development of a regional simulation model 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper presents a new approach to the casualty treatment problem following a large-scale disaster, based on a mathematical model of how a regional health-care system responds to an earthquake event. The numbers and locations of casualties rescued alive, the scale of pre-hospital care, the post-earthquake hospital capacity, and the transport system are inputs to the model. The model simulates the movement of casualties from the stricken areas to hospitals. It predicts the number of casualties that die as well as other statistics about the health-care system response, such as waiting time before treatment. The model can be run with varying input assumptions to simulate alternative disaster response strategies. Preliminary runs demonstrate the potential of the model as a tool for planning and training. 相似文献
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地震人员伤亡快速评估模型研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
每年地震都会给社会造成巨大人员伤亡,如果震后能迅速预知地震人员伤亡数量,这对挽救生命损失是十分有意义的。统计了近10年来中国大陆数10次强震、中强震灾害损失,根据影响伤亡的主要因素,用线性回归分析法,建立地震人员伤亡快速评估模型,并对模型进行验证,使之可用于地震预警。 相似文献