Seasonal variability of ambient NH3, NO, NO2 and SO2 over Delhi

We present the diurnal and seasonal variability of ambient NH3, NO, NO2 and SO2 over Delhi, India. Ambient NH3, NO and NO2 were measured continuously during winter, summer and autumn seasons using NH3- and NOx-analyzer, which operates by chemiluminescence method with a higher estimation e ciency (> 90%) than the chemical trap method (reproducibility 4.7%). Prominent diurnal, day-to-day and seasonal variations of ambient mixing ratio of NH3, NO, NO2 and SO2 were observed during the study period. Seasonal variation with higher mixing ratio in winter was observed for all measured trace gases except NO. Day-night variation of all measured trace gases observed was higher in winter in comparison with summer. Late morning increase in NO2 mixing ratio might be attributed to conversion of NO to NO2 with the interaction of O3.     

O3、O3/H2O2、O3/H2O2/UV工艺降解炸药工业废水中RDX的试验研究

为了研究高级氧化技术对含黑索今(RDX)的炸药工业废水的处理效果,本文采用O3、O3/H2O2、O3/H2O2/UV 3种氧化工艺分别对废水中的RDX进行了降解试验,并对比分析了3种工艺的处理效果和机制。结果表明:O3/H2O2、O3/H2O2/UV工艺对RDX的去除率明显优于O3工艺;提高体系的pH值将有利于RDX的降解;随着RDX初始浓度的增加,RDX的去除率呈现下降趋势;投加H2O2和UV照射可提高臭氧的利用率,且O3/H2O2/UV工艺催化臭氧分解的能力比O3/H2O2工艺强。     

钯/铁双金属对土壤中2,2',3,4,4',5,5'-七氯联苯的催化脱氯研究

采用Fe0还原、钯催化法对土壤中2,2',3,4,4',5,5,-七氯联苯的的还原特性进行了实验研究.结果表明, Pd/Fe双金属能有效地进行2,2',3,4,4',5,5',-七氯联苯的催化脱氯.在钯化率为0.05%、钯/铁加入量1g、初始pH为5.6、反应时间5d的条件下,钯/铁双金属对土壤中2,2',3,4,4',5,5',-七氯联苯去除率达54%.实验还考察了钯化率、初始pH、反应时间、钯/铁投加量、2,2',3,4,4',5,5',-七氯联苯初始浓度等参数对2,2',3,4,4',5,5',-七氯联苯脱氯效果的影响.研究表明,较高的钯化率、钯/铁加入量,较低的2,2',3,4,4',5,5',-七氯联苯初始浓度及弱酸性等条件更有利于Pd/Fe对2,2',3,4,4',5,5',-七氯联苯的还原脱氯.在Pd/Fe双金属表面,2,2',3,4,4',5,5',-七氯联苯的脱氯符合一级动力学反应,反应速率常数为0.0142/h,其半衰期为49h.利用实验数据,对钯/铁双金属作用下的2,2',3,4,4',5,5',-七氯联苯还原脱氯的反应机制也进行了分析.     

钯/铁双金属对土壤中2,2′,3,4,4′,5,5′-七氯联苯的催化脱氯研究

采用Fe⁰还原、钯催化法对土壤中2,2′,3,4,4′,5,5′-七氯联苯的的还原特性进行了实验研究.结果表明,Pd/Fe双金属能有效地进行2,2′,3,4,4′,5,5′-七氯联苯的催化脱氯.在钯化率为0.05%、钯/铁加入量1g、初始pH为5.6、反应时间5 d的条件下,钯/铁双金属对土壤中2,2′,3,4,4′,5,5′-七氯联苯去除率达54%.实验还考察了钯化率、初始pH、反应时间、钯/铁投加量、2,2′,3,4,4′,5,5′-七氯联苯初始浓度等参数对2,2′,3,4,4′,5,5′-七氯联苯脱氯效果的影响.研究表明,较高的钯化率、钯/铁加入量,较低的2,2′,3,4,4′,5,5′-七氯联苯初始浓度及弱酸性等条件更有利于Pd/Fe对2,2′,3,4,4′,5,5′-七氯联苯的还原脱氯.在Pd/Fe双金属表面,2,2′,3,4,4′,5,5′-七氯联苯的脱氯符合一级动力学反应,反应速率常数为0.014 2/h,其半衰期为49h.利用实验数据,对钯/铁双金属作用下的2,2′,3,4,4′,5,5′-七氯联苯还原脱氯的反应机制也进行了分析.     

Sulfur(IV) oxidation by hydrogen peroxide in aqueous suspensions of SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2 and zeolite

Normal and stopped-flow spectrophotometry were used to study the rate of oxidation of sulfur(IV) (SO₃²⁻/HSO₃⁻) by H₂O₂ in aqueous suspensions of finely divided SiO₂, Al₂O₃, TiO₂ and Na-A-zeolite buffered at pH 8.2 and 4.0. Within the limits of error, the rate constants obtained agree with those measured in the absence of suspended material, i.e. under the given conditions there is no surface catalytic effect to be observed.     

纳米四氧化三铁对2,4-D的降解研究

采用纳米Fe3O4降解溶液中的2,4-D,考察了2,4-D初始浓度、纳米Fe3O4的投加量、溶液pH对2,4-D降解效率的影响,并探讨了2,4-D的降解机理。实验结果表明,Fe3O4对2,4-D有明显的降解作用,纳米Fe3O4的降解效果优于微米级Fe3O4,降解过程中溶液中的氯离子浓度随着2,4-D的降解而升高,Fe3O4对2,4-D的降解机理是还原脱氯。当2,4-D初始浓度在0～10mg/L、纳米Fe3O4投加量0～300mg/L的范围内,2,4-D降解率随初始浓度和纳米Fe3O4投加量的增加而增大。在2,4-D初始浓度为10mg/L、pH3.0、纳米Fe3O4投加量300mg/L时降解效率最高,48h内2,4-D的降解率可达40%。     

Photocatalytic performance of TiO2 catalysts modified by H3PW12O40, ZrO2 and CeO2

The binary composite photo-catalysts CeO2/TiO2, ZrO2/TiO2 and the ternary composite photo-catalysts H3PW12O40-CeO2/TiO2,H2PW12O40-ZrO2/TiO2 were prepared by sol-gel method. The catalysts were characterized by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The photocatalyfic elimination of methanol was used as model reaction to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the composite catalysts under ultraviolet light irradiation. The effects of doped content, activation temperature, time, initial concentration of methanol and gas flow rate on the catalytic activity were investigated. The results showed that after doping a certain amount of CeO2 and ZrO2, crystaniTation process of TiO2 was restrained, particles of catalysts are smaller and more uniform. Doping ZrO2 not only significantly improved the catalytic activity, but also increased thermal stability. Doping H3PW12O40 also enhanced the catalytic activity. The catalytic activities of binary and ternary composite photocatalysts were significantly higher than tin-doped TiO2. The dynamics law of photocatalytic reaction over the binary CeO2/TiO2 and ZrO2/TiO2 catalysts has been studied. The activation energy 15.627 and 15.631 kJ/mol and pre-exponential factors 0.5176 and 0.9899 s-1 over each corresponding catalyst were obtained. This reaction accords to the first order dynamics law.     

ZnO包覆Al_2O_3的制备表征及光催化性能研究

采用化学沉积法制备了ZnO包覆Al2O3光催化剂,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)进行了表征。在自制的光化学反应器中,以中压汞灯作光源,一定浓度的甲基橙为光催化反应模型化合物,研究了光催化剂的活性。考察了甲基橙初始浓度、催化剂加投量、pH值、温度、光照强度、反应液体积等因素对脱色率的影响。实验结果表明,ZnO包覆Al2O3复合光催化剂具有较高的光催化活性。在250W中压汞灯下光照3h,0.10g复合光催化剂能使200mL,10mg/L甲基橙溶液的脱色率达到92.21%。     

O3、UV、H2O2及其组合工艺处理有机污染物的效果对比研究

采用O3、UV(紫外光)、H2O2及其多种组合工艺处理乙酸有机污水,在不同的操作条件下进行比较和探讨,结果表明:组合工艺较之单独氧化剂具有优势,其对乙酸的去除能力为O3/H2O2相似文献   

Thermodynamics of NaHCO3 decomposition during Na2CO3-based CO2 capture

Amine-basedcarbon-capture technologies have been shown to be energetically expensive and to cause significant environmental and epidemiological impacts due to their volatility.Bicarbonate formation from carbon dioxide's reaction with water has been suggested as an effective alternative for capturing CO_2;however,the thermodynamics of this reaction are not well understood.This study experimentally determined the equilibrium constant of sodium bicarbonate(Na HCO_3)decomposition to sodium,water,and carbon dioxide;the study also compared the equilibrium constant to theoretical calculations.Using a combination of experimentation and thermodynamic relationships,the unitless equilibrium constants of the forward and reverse reactions were calculated accurately(error±9%and±4%,respectively).Equilibrium data were calculated using enthalpy and entropy values of each component of Na HCO_3decomposition at temperatures ranging from 25 to 155°C respectively.These results offer more data essential to optimizing Na HCO_3use in environmentally friendly nextgeneration CO_2-capture technologies.     

纳米Bi_2O_3-Ni_2O_3的制备及光催化性能研究

采用微乳法制备了镍、铋复合氧化物纳米粒子,以XRD、TG-DTA、XPS及紫外-可见光谱仪对合成材料进行了表征,并以甲苯为目标污染物对其气-固复相光催化性能进行了研究。结果表明:Ni和Bi都显+3价,XRD曲线上分别出现Ni2O3和Bi2O3的特征衍射峰,制备样品是Ni2O3与Bi2O3复合氧化物,对于单一Bi2O3,制备的复合氧化物由于Ni2O3具有较强的电子富集能力,能够快速地传递光照射产生的电子,导致光生电子与空穴分离效率大大提高,促进了氧化反应,显示出了较好的光催化活性。