活性炭负载铁锰复合氧化物催化臭氧处理分散染料

用浸渍法制备了负载铁锰复合氧化物的活性炭,以分散染料的臭氧催化氧化为目标降解物研究其催化性能。负载铁锰复合氧化物催化剂的催化性能较单一负载铁、锰的活性高,催化剂的最佳焙烧温度为500℃,反应时间为10min,臭氧浓度为27.98mg/L;负载型活性炭与臭氧之间有协同作用,共同催化氧化分散染料。     

Fe-Mn-Ce/GAC催化剂制备及其在生物制药废水深度处理中的应用

通过在活性炭上负载铁、锰和铈离子的方法,制备Fe-Mn-Ce/GAC催化剂,并研究其在非均相臭氧催化氧化反应(heterogeneous catalytic ozonation process,HCOP)和尾气利用-非均相臭氧催化氧化反应(ozone reuse-HCOP,ORHCOP)深度处理生物制药废水中的催化性能。结果表明:HCOP工艺中,在反应时间为120 min,初始pH为9,催化剂投加量为2 g/L,催化剂粒径为0. 15～0. 35 mm条件下,COD和NH4+-N平均去除率分别可达80. 78%和94. 35%[出水浓度分别为(57. 03±0. 57),(0. 38±0. 06) mg/L]。OR-HCOP工艺中,ρ(COD)和ρ(NH4+-N)进水分别为(294. 46±2. 11),(5. 99±0. 06) mg/L,尾气催化氧化后分别降至(103. 63±3. 20),(0. 97±0. 08) mg/L,臭氧催化氧化后进一步降至(39. 42±4. 71),(0. 32±0. 02) mg/L,平均去除率分别可达86. 62%和94. 59%,且可回收臭氧57. 47%。在HCOP最佳工艺条件下,Fe-Mn-Ce/GAC至少可循环使用6次。     

臭氧催化氧化处理苯酚废水研究

采用臭氧催化氧化法处理苯酚废水,用自制的催化剂--活性炭负载金属氧化物(Fe/AC,Cu/AC,Mn/AC)对模拟苯酚废水进行臭氧催化氧化比较,并对影响催化氧化效果的几个因素:不同的活性组成分、初始COD、反应时间、pH值进行了分析。结果表明:在每次处理量为500mL苯酚废水时,负载铁氧化物的活性炭催化剂用量为15g、反应时间为40min、COD初始浓度为1000mg/L、pH值为9、臭氧投加量为10mg/L,催化氧化具有较佳的效果;催化剂的重复利用性较好,连续使用11次,COD的去除率仍可达70.4%;通过GC-MS的检测,推测其反应机理为:苯酚→苯二酚类及苯醌类化合物→醛酮类化合物→羧酸类化合物→CO2,H2O     

负载型金属氧化物催化剂分解臭氧的研究

用浸渍法制备了活性炭、γ-氧化铝和分子筛负载的MnO2,CuO,Fe2O3催化剂,并考察了它们对臭氧分解的催化性能。结果表明,MnO2催化剂优于CuO,Fe2O3,催化剂,活性炭为载体的催化剂优于γ-氧化铝和分子筛为载体的催化剂。温度对臭氧催化分解影响很大,在90℃时,MnO2／AC催化剂对臭氧的去除率可达80％以上。当存在一定浓度的水蒸气时,湿度越大,催化性能越差。当臭氧初始质量浓度低于50mg／L时,随着臭氧初始浓度的增加,催化性能有一定的下降。     

臭氧催化氧化降解硝基苯的实验研究

文章采用催化臭氧氧化技术处理抽出的浓度较高的硝基苯等难降解有机物进行了研究。实验结果表明:在前期实验得出催化剂制备最佳条件下,即采用锰和铁的硝酸盐溶液(金属元素质量10%)浸渍二氧化硅,Mn:Fe浓度比3∶1,在450℃焙烧6小时,在50℃老化5小时,考察了臭氧/Mn-Fe/载体二氧化硅体系中,空气曝气、催化剂的吸附、初始浓度的增加、pH值等的影响。在Mn-Fe负载二氧化硅催化剂的催化臭氧氧化降解硝基苯过程可能遵循羟基自由基机理。     

酸热氧化修饰合成MnOx/GAC催化臭氧氧化降解邻氯酚

通过酸热氧化修饰法在活性炭上负载锰氧化物,制得MnO_x/GAC催化剂,并研究其催化臭氧氧化降解邻氯酚的性能。结果表明:在催化剂投加量为0.1 g/L,臭氧浓度为20 mg/L,气体流量为0.5 L/min,初始pH为6的条件下,反应120 min时,邻氯酚的TOC去除率可达到95%,比单纯臭氧氧化提高了55百分点。在一定范围内,增加臭氧浓度和气体流量可以加快反应速率,提高TOC去除率,但通入过量的臭氧反而会降低TOC去除率。探究了无机阴离子对于体系TOC去除率的影响,研究发现:1 mmol/L的NO₃-、SO₄2-、Cl-对TOC去除率无明显影响,1 mmol/L Br-使体系TOC去除率降低了10%左右。pH是影响体系氧化能力的重要因素,在酸性条件下的TOC去除率远高于碱性条件下,这可能与催化剂表面官能团的作用和反应体系中无机碳的积累有关。此外,提出了催化剂表面羟基存在形式与pH之间的关系,以及不同羟基存在形式下催化臭氧分解产生的活性物种。     

真空紫外光解-活性炭吸附去除甲苯及副产物臭氧

研究了不同条件下产O3低压汞灯对气相中低浓度甲苯的光化学降解,以及活性炭纤维(ACF)对甲苯光解尾气中残余甲苯及光解副产物O3的脱除.结果表明,气流相对湿度(RH)越高、气体流量越大、甲苯的初始浓度越高,甲苯的真空紫外光解速率越高,最高达0.070mg/m3,所产生的O3浓度也越低.气流RH越低,ACF对甲苯和O3的吸附脱除性能越好.负载Mn、Cu氧化物的ACF对O3有更好的分解性能,同时能催化氧化甲苯.在400℃下焙烧的催化剂性能最好,RH8%时对O3的去除率稳定在35%,但当RH增至40%时,对O3的去除率下降为16.9%.     

负载型三维粒子电极降解甲基橙模拟废水研究

采用负载型活性炭为填充电极的三维电极法处理甲基橙模拟废水,研究了不同粒子电极的处理效果,考察了影响模拟废水中色度与COD去除率的因素,探讨了甲基橙降解的反应动力学,并运用紫外-可见吸收光谱初步研究了甲基橙的降解机理.结果表明,负载锰的氧化物的粒子电极处理效果最好,降解3h后,色度与COD去除率分别达95%与80%;通过单因素实验确定的最佳实验条件:槽电压12V,初始pH值为3,辅助电解质浓度0.05mol/L.反应动力学分析显示,甲基橙降解反应表现为一级反应动力学.紫外-可见吸收光谱分析结果表明,以负载型活性炭为粒子电极的三维电极法对模拟废水中的色度与COD具有很好的降解效果.     

非均相类Fenton试剂的制备及其在焦化废水处理中的应用研究

利用浸渍法,将Fe3＋负载在经酸碱改性后的粉状活性炭上,当浸渍液浓度为2．5％,固化温度为270℃时,制成的催化剂催化活性较高。用自制的非均相类benton试剂降解焦化废水,通过正交试验和极差分析得出,影响因素的主次顺序为催化剂用量〉初始pH值〉反应时间〉H：0：投加量。结果表明,在100ml水样中。室温条件下,初始pH值为4．0,催化剂使用量为1．5g,H20：投加量为5ml（分两次投加）,反应时间为90min时,COD去除率可达99％。采用混凝＋化学沉淀＋非均相类Fenton试剂法处理焦化废水,各主要出水水质指标为：色度lO倍;COD浓度38．5mg／L;氨氮浓度8．4mg／L,达到国家一级排放标准。     

催化臭氧氧化预处理垃圾渗滤液

采用浸渍法制备载铜活性炭催化剂,系统地研究了催化氧化法对垃圾渗滤液中的COD和氨氮去除效果,对臭氧氧化和催化臭氧氧化效率进行了对比。在该方法下制备的催化剂中,活性组分金属铜的含量为2.89%。结果表明:在投加催化剂的情况下,COD的去除效率可得到显著提高。实验结果表明:处理COD为4980mg/L,氨氮为2100mg/L的垃圾渗滤液废水,在室温、pH为3、反应时间为120min、催化剂投加量为150g/L、臭氧的流量为5.2mg/min的条件下,废水中的COD及氨氮的去除率分别达到达81.9%和99.04%。     

Catalysts for decomposing ozone tail gas

The preparation of immobilizing-catalysts for decomposing ozone by using dipping method was studied. XRD, XPS and TEM were used to characterize the catalysts. The three kinds of catalysts were selected preferentially, and their catalytic activities were investigated. The results showed that the catalyst with activated carbon dipping acetate( active components are Mn:Cu = 3:2, active component proportion in catalyst is 15%, calcination temperature is 200℃ ) has the best catalytic activity for ozone decomposing. One gram of catalyst can decompose 17.6g ozone at initial ozone concentration of 2.5g/m^3 and the residence time in reactor of 0.1s. The experimental results also indicated that humidity of reaction system had negative effect on catalytic activity.     

Catalytic activities of zeolite compounds for decomposing aqueous ozone

The advanced oxidation process (AOP), chemical oxidation using aqueous ozone in the presence of appropriate catalysts to generate highly reactive oxygen species, offers an attractive option for removing poorly biodegradable pollutants. Using the commercial zeolite powders with various Si/Al ratios and crystal structures, their catalytic activities for decomposing aqueous ozone were evaluated by continuously flowing ozone to water containing the zeolite powders. The hydrophilic zeolites (low Si/Al ratio) with alkali cations in the crystal structures were found to possess high catalytic activity for decomposing aqueous ozone. The hydrophobic zeolite compounds (high Si/Al ratio) were found to absorb ozone very well, but to have no catalytic activity for decomposing aqueous ozone. Their catalytic activities were also evaluated by using the fixed bed column method. When alkali cations were removed by acid rinsing or substituted by alkali-earth cations, the catalytic activities was significantly deteriorated. These results suggest that the metal cations on the crystal surface of the hydrophilic zeolite would play a key role for catalytic activity for decomposing aqueous ozone.     

Catalytic activities of zeolite compounds for decomposing aqueous ozone

The advanced oxidation process (AOP), chemical oxidation using aqueous ozone in the presence of appropriate catalysts to generate highly reactive oxygen species, offers an attractive option for removing poorly biodegradable pollutants. Using the commercial zeolite powders with various Si/Al ratios and crystal structures, their catalytic activities for decomposing aqueous ozone were evaluated by continuously flowing ozone to water containing the zeolite powders. The hydrophilic zeolites (low Si/Al ratio) with alkali cations in the crystal structures were found to possess high catalytic activity for decomposing aqueous ozone. The hydrophobic zeolite compounds (high Si/Al ratio) were found to absorb ozone very well, but to have no catalytic activity for decomposing aqueous ozone. Their catalytic activities were also evaluated by using the fixed bed column method. When alkali cations were removed by acid rinsing or substituted by alkali-earth cations, the catalytic activities was significantly deteriorated. These results suggest that the metal cations on the crystal surface of the hydrophilic zeolite would play a key role for catalytic activity for decomposing aqueous ozone.     

Formaldehyde degradation by UV/TiO2/O3process using continuous flow mode

The degradation of formaldehyde gas was studied using UV/TiO2/O3 process under the condition of continuous flow mode. The effects of humidity, initial formaldehyde concentration, residence time and ozone adding amount on degradation of formaldehyde gas were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the combination of ozonation with photocatalytic oxidation on the degradation of formaldehyde showed a synergetic action, e.g,, it could considerably increase decomposing of formaldehyde. The degradation efficiency of formaldehyde was between 73.6% and 79.4% while the initial concentration in the range of 1.84--24 mg/m^3 by O3/TiO2flJV process. The optimal humidity was about 50% in UV/TiO2/O3 processs and degradation of formaldehyde increases from 39.0% to 94.1% when the ozone content increased from 0 to 141 mg/m^3. Furthermore, the kinetics of formaldehyde degradation reaction could be described by Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The rate constant k of 46.72 mg/（m^3.min） and Langmuir adsorption coefficient K of 0.0268 m^3/mg were obtained.     

酸活化赤泥催化臭氧氧化降解水中硝基苯的效能研究

以铝工业废物赤泥为原料,采用酸化的方法活化赤泥,提高其在多相催化臭氧氧化除污染体系中的催化活性,并对其催化臭氧除污染效能及机制进行探讨.研究发现,和赤泥原矿相比,酸化赤泥表现出十分显著的催化能力;酸化赤泥(RM6.0)催化臭氧氧化硝基苯的去除率随臭氧浓度的增加而增加;当臭氧浓度由0.4 mg.L-1增加至1.7 mg.L-1时,硝基苯的去除率由45%提高到92%.溶液pH对RM6.0催化体系利用臭氧能力的影响与其催化臭氧氧化降解NB的影响表现出一致的结果.初始pH变化所带来的RM6.0催化活性的变化,主要是由于体系中氢氧根浓度的变化,导致臭氧分解形成羟基自由基所致;过高pH值导致的羟基自由基的猝灭显促使RM6.0催化臭氧氧化NB活性的降低.通过RM6.0对臭氧的利用能力及羟基自由基抑制实验结果发现,RM6.0催化臭氧降解NB的主要作用机制是催化剂表面吸附臭氧,实现臭氧在催化剂表面的富集,进而实现对NB有机污染物的氧化降解.在这个过程中羟基自由基是存在的,主要是在臭氧与硝基苯在界面氧化过程中分解而成,并进一步氧化NB.     

生物过滤法处理含氨废气研究

研究了生物过滤法处理含氨废气的技术，实验中考察了气体的停留时间、进气方式、进气中氨浓度等因素对氨法除率的影响，当进气中氨的浓度分别为１５．２、７５．９和１５．２０ｍｇ（ＮＨ３）／ｍ＾３时，生物过滤反应器对氨的去除均在９５％以上，反应时间是３２ｓ，处理后的气体中氨的浓度可以达到国家一级排放标准，对填料中各形态氮浓度的分析证明氨在反应器中的转化以硝化反应为主。     

Reduction of nitrate from groundwater: powder catalysts and catalytic membrane

The reduction of nitrate contaminant in groundwater has gained renewed and intensive attention due to the environmental problems and health risks. Catalytic denetrification presents one of the most promising approaches for the removal of nitrate from water. Catalytic nitrate reduction from water by powder catalysts and catalytic membrane in a batch reactor was studied. And the effects of the initial concentration, the amounts of catalyst, and the flux H2 on the nitrate reduction were also discussed. The results demonstrated that nitrate reduction activity and the selectivity to nitrogen gas were mainly controlled by diffusion limitations and the mass transfer of the reactants. The selectivity can improved while retaining a high catalytic activity under controlled diffusion condition or the intensification of the mass transfer, and a good reaction condition. The total nitrogen removal efficiency reached above 80%. Moreover, catalytic membrane can create a high effective gas/liquid/solid interface, and show a good selectivity to nitrogen in comparative with the powder catalyst, the selectivity to nitrogen was improved from 73.4 % to 89.4%.     

污水深度处理臭氧氧化系统工程造价分析

系统掌握污水深度处理臭氧氧化系统的工程造价构成及其影响因素对降低其工程造价具有重要意义。详细分析了臭氧发生、臭氧投加、臭氧接触反应及臭氧尾气处理等污水深度处理臭氧氧化系统4个子系统的工程造价构成及其影响因素,结果表明:臭氧发生单元的造价所占比重最大,高达60%~70%,其次是臭氧尾气破坏设备(16%~18%)和臭氧投加单元(12%~15%),臭氧接触反应设备的造价所占比重最小,约为3%~5%。影响臭氧氧化系统工程造价的主要因素除处理规模外,还有臭氧投加量、臭氧气体浓度及水力停留时间等工艺参数,其中臭氧投加量和臭氧气体浓度的影响较大。在达到处理要求的情况下,提高臭氧利用率、降低臭氧投加量以及升高臭氧气体浓度,是有效降低臭氧氧化系统工程造价的关键。