从绩效考核到绩效管理——地方党政领导环保绩效提升的有效方法

总结了当前地方党政领导环保绩效考核中存在目的简单化、缺乏科学性、沟通与反馈不足、只注重环保绩效考核结果而忽视环保绩效管理的过程、激励功能弱化和结果利用不充分等问题.分析了从传统地方党政领导环保绩效考核到现代地方党政领导环保绩效管理是管理方式的深刻变革,体现了人本管理的思想、渗透了过程管理的理念,实现了从奖惩依据向绩效提升、能力开发目的的转换,凸显了沟通激励的功能,满足了环保绩效反馈和改进的需要.提出了从地方党政领导环保绩效计划,环保绩效实施、环保绩效考核、环保绩效反馈面谈和环保绩效结果应用等环节来系统构建地方党政领导环保绩效管理体系.     

江苏环境保护工业的概况与展望

环境保护是我国的一项基本国策.十多年来,特别是党的十一届三中全会以来,国家制定了一系列环境保护政策和法令.抽调大量技术力量从事环保工作,调拨大量财物用来治理“三废”改善环境,通过十多年的努力已取得明显的效果.江苏与全国各地一样,随着对环境保护工作认识的提高和管理     

苏州苏净环保工程有限公司

苏州苏净环保工程有限公司是“创元科技股份有限公司”（上市公司）和江苏苏净集团有限公司共同投资组建的环保企业．多年从事废水和废气治理工程设计与麓工以及环保设备的设计制造工作。     

环境保护系统数据共享管理机制研究与实践

环境保护系统数据共享管理机制对于集中整合环保系统数据资源、提升环保系统数据共享水平具有重要意义。基于对国内外现有环保系统数据共享管理发展趋势分析,设计了环保系统数据共享管理流程,并提出一套数据共享管理制度体系架构。将该管理机制试点应用于环境保护部信息中心数据共享管理,结果表明所设计的数据共享管理流程具有技术可行性,并验证了减排综合数据库对部省两级数据共享服务的技术支撑能力。     

中国与欧盟环境保护投资统计的比较研究

从环境保护(简称环保)投资概念、环保投资统计口径、环保投资统计方法3个方面比较了中国环保投资统计和欧盟环保支出统计存在的差异,并评估了各自的环保投资规模与效益.并通过借鉴欧盟环保支出统计经验,得出完善中国环保投资统计工作的启示:明确界定环保投资内涵,逐步与国际概念接轨；规范环保投资统计制度,建立科学的统计方法；与国民经济统计相衔接,满足经济活动管理需求.     

浅谈环保产业市场管理

通过地环保产业市场的现状和诸问题的分析，提出建立环保产业的管理监督运行体制，沟通环保产业市场的信息渠道和建立优存劣汰的竞争机制，探讨加强环保市场管理措施，促进环保产业健康发展。     

对加强农村生态环境保护工作的思考

农村生态环境保护工作,关系到国家环保工作的大局,也是环保工作中的薄弱环节。因此,就农村环保工作中出现的环境问题,如不重视农村环保、环保公众参与意识不强、农业生产污染严重等方面进行了分析,并提出诸如改变环境立法和管理中出现的“三大中心主义”、“政府＋社区＋市场”的环保模式以及进行清洁生产等方面的一些建设性的建议。     

浙江省环境科学技术发展概况

浙江省环境保护工作主要是在70年代起步的,首先是逐步建立了一支环保科技队伍,在环境管理、环保新技术开发、环境科学研究、环境监测和环保宣传教育等方面起到了核心作用.浙江省于1978年成立第一家环保科研所——浙江省环境保护科研所.同年在浙江农业大学首先设立了环保专业(本科),以后,浙江大学、杭州大学、浙江工业大学等相继成立了环境科学专业以及相关专业,为浙江省环保工作提供了大批专业人材.目前,浙江省许多大专院校还设立了环保专业的硕士、博士点,为浙江省环保科技提供高层次的科研人员.据统计,     

线路板生产中有机废气的排放及防治措施

针对PCB线路板生产中存在的环保问题,分析了有机废气VOCs产生的原因及其毒害性,指出线路板行业突破环保问题这一瓶颈而实现可持续发展的出路在于实施绿色管理。     

全国轻工环保学会第二次年会在杭州召开

全国轻工环保学会第二次年会及学术讨论会于1983年12月2日至7日在杭州召开,到会代表180人。凌霄云、葛春林、陈西平、宋忠兴、朱铨钧、李康、刘天齐等领导同志在会上讲了话,作了学术报告。浙江省轻工厅副厅长周云栋、浙江省环境保护局副局长孙健如等到会致辞。会议收到论文122篇,大会宣读29篇。会议总结了学会工作,修改了“轻工业环境保护技术政策(讨论稿)”,还为浙江、江苏、上海等地部分环保设备工厂进行了咨询。     

Mapping Biological Resources in the Coastal Zone: An Evaluation of Methods in a Pioneering Study from Norway

For many years, the planning and management of terrestrial areas has been supported by a detailed knowledge of the distribution of habitats and their associated species. However, the detailed mapping of biological resources in extent coastal areas, such as the Norwegian coastal zone, is unrealistic due to its enormous coastline. Here, we present a useful and feasible approach and a set of simple, cost-effective methods which are suitable for providing a broad-scale overview of marine habitats and fish resources. This approach was developed in conjunction with a pioneer study conducted along the southern coast of the Skagerrak, where we combined knowledge gathered from local fishermen with scientific knowledge of important species and nature types to establish a coastal sea mapping program. GIS modeling tools were used in both the mapping program and to integrate local and scientific knowledge into digital maps made available to local area management. This multi-faceted approach, which combines local knowledge and scientific methods, provides valuable information with respect to marine biodiversity, and has been used extensively by local environmental management.     

Megacities and Large Urban Agglomerations in the Coastal Zone: Interactions Between Atmosphere, Land, and Marine Ecosystems

Megacities are not only important drivers for socio-economic development but also sources of environmental challenges. Many megacities and large urban agglomerations are located in the coastal zone where land, atmosphere, and ocean meet, posing multiple environmental challenges which we consider here. The atmospheric flow around megacities is complicated by urban heat island effects and topographic flows and sea breezes and influences air pollution and human health. The outflow of polluted air over the ocean perturbs biogeochemical processes. Contaminant inputs can damage downstream coastal zone ecosystem function and resources including fisheries, induce harmful algal blooms and feedback to the atmosphere via marine emissions. The scale of influence of megacities in the coastal zone is hundreds to thousands of kilometers in the atmosphere and tens to hundreds of kilometers in the ocean. We list research needs to further our understanding of coastal megacities with the ultimate aim to improve their environmental management.     

Status and interconnections of selected environmental issues in the global coastal zones

This study focuses on assessing the state of population distribution, land cover distribution, biodiversity hotspots, and protected areas in global coastal zones. The coastal zone is defined as land within 100 km of the coastline. This study attempts to answer such questions as: how crowded are the coastal zones, what is the pattern of land cover distribution in these areas, how much of these areas are designated as protected areas, what is the state of the biodiversity hotspots, and what are the interconnections between people and coastal environment. This study uses globally consistent and comprehensive geospatial datasets based on remote sensing and other sources. The application of Geographic Information System (GIS) layering methods and consistent datasets has made it possible to identify and quantify selected coastal zones environmental issues and their interconnections. It is expected that such information provide a scientific basis for global coastal zones management and assist in policy formulations at the national and international levels.     

Intertidal Zone Management in the Western Indian Ocean: Assessing Current Status and Future Possibilities Using Expert Opinions

This expert opinion study examined the current status of the intertidal zone in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) and ranked and discussed future management approaches. Information was gathered from scientists, practitioners, and managers active in the WIO region through a questionnaire and a workshop. The experts stated that the productive intertidal environment is highly valuable for reasons such as recreation, erosion protection, and provision of edible invertebrates and fish. Several anthropogenic pressures were identified, including pollution, harbor activities, overexploitation, and climate change. The experts considered the WIO intertidal zone as generally understudied, undermanaged, and with poor or no monitoring. The most important management strategies according to the expert opinions are to develop and involve local people in integrated coastal zone management (ICZM), to increase knowledge on species–environment relationships, and to develop awareness campaigns and education programs. To improve coastal environmental management and conservation, we argue that the intertidal zone should be treated as one organizational management unit within the larger framework of ICZM.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-013-0465-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Environmental education and research in Greece

Conclusions  The particular characteristics of Greece’s natural environment (extended coastal areas, unique and protected species) and the indissoluble linkages between economic activities and natural resources, in combination with the worldwide growing concern for environmental protection, initiated a wide activity on issues related to environmental protection in Greece. Following the establishment of legislation for environmental protection and preservation, Greece has undertaken significant steps in research areas related to environmental chemistry, technology, engineering, biotechnology, management and ecology. This continuously growing research activity is closely followed by an expanding educational framework, which aids to the training of experts and scientists able to deal with the major (national and trans-boundary) environmental issues of our times. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2000.08.036     

Assessment of coastal ecosystems vulnerability to pollution: Algiers coast,Algeria

Coastal areas are frequently influenced by direct and/or indirect multiple anthropogenic pressures, which impacts marine life. Those perturbations may act in a heterogeneous way with a different intensity and are related to the complexity of coastal ecosystems. To visualize all these interactions at a local scale, a methodology inspired from many researches has been implemented in order to search, identify, and classify coastal ecosystems according to their sensitivity to anthropic pressure exerted by coastal cities. Thus, producing vulnerability maps will be essential tools to local coastal managers. We have applied this methodology on five coastal municipalities in Algiers. Firstly, the environmental sensitivity of coastal ecosystems was assessed by analyzing these four sub-indices: biological sensitivity, geomorphological sensitivity, hydrodynamic characteristics, and pollution intensity. Secondly, an assessment of the anthropogenic pressures presented by each municipality was carried out. Five sub-indexes have been taken into consideration when conducting this assessment: human activities, infrastructures, vectors of pollution, urbanization, and regulatory protection. Then, vulnerability maps were produced by the overlapping of sensitivity and anthropic pressure maps. The results assessed for the environmental vulnerability indicated that most areas are moderately to highly vulnerable, especially in the municipalities of Bab El Oued, Rais Hamidou, and Ain Bénian. The analysis of the obtained results shows the potential applicability of this methodology because they accurately reflect the reality. Therefore, these results can be useful to decision-makers by providing them with a relatively rational decision-making tool to prioritize future management and planning efforts.

     

Fluoride Cycling near A Coastal Emission Source

A strategy of research combining intense field monitoring and compartment modeling was used to characterize fluoride cycling in the semi-arid area around a newly installed aluminum factory in southern Argentina. The factory started operations In 1974 and emitted about 500 tons of gaseous fluorides to the atmosphere up to October 1976. Emphasis of research was on sedimentary or detritus cycling; periodically, samples were obtained from plant tissues, soils, sea water, and sea sediments. A compartment model of fluoride circulation at the atmosphere-vegetation interface provides further elements to Interpret the tendencies observed in field data. A fluoride budget up to October 1976 is presented showing the relative importance of environmental compartments monitored, with reference to fluoride accumulation. Plants are transient accumulators of atmospheric fluorides; soils, sea-water, and sea-sediments are sinks of the cycle. The major pathway of fluoride from terrestrial environment to coastal sea water Is along transportation with superficial soil eroded by wind. According to data here presented, it can be concluded that one wind storm can transport enough soluble fluorides to coastal waters to account for the transient differences of concentration observed.     

中国沿海地区水资源及生态环境持续利用战略

由于地质和地理条件的特殊性,沿海地区生态环境极其脆弱和敏感。水资源短缺、水环境污染、海水入侵、地面沉降、生态环境退化和海平面上升,已构成我国沿海地区实现可持续发展战略面临的重大资源和环境问题。水资源和生态环境的持续利用,已成为我国沿海地区一项极其重要的战略任务。根据可持续发展理论,通过建立适应水资源持续利用的管理体制、政策和运行机制,采取生态环境可持续保护策略,可完全达到水资源和生态环境的持续利用,并有效实现中国沿海地区资源、环境与经济、社会的有机协调及经济、社会的持续、稳定、健康发展     

Difference in Particle Transport Between Two Coastal Areas in the Baltic Sea Investigated with High-Resolution Trajectory Modeling

A particle-tracking model based on high-resolution ocean flow data was used to investigate particle residence times and spatial distribution of settling sediment for two geo-morphologically different Swedish coastal areas. The study was a part of a safety assessment for the location of a future nuclear-waste repository, and information about the particle-transport patterns can contribute to predictions of the fate of a possible leakage. It is also, to our knowledge, the first time particle-transport differences between two coastal areas have been quantified in this manner. In Forsmark, a funnel-shaped bay shielded by a number of islands, the average residence time for clay particles was 5 times longer than in the modeled part of Simpevarp, which is open to the Baltic Sea. In Forsmark, <10 % of the released particles left the domain compared to 60–80 % in Simpevarp. These site-specific differences will increase over time with the differences in land uplift between the areas.     

Sea-Level Rise and Coastal Wetlands

This paper seeks to quantify the impact of a 1-m sea-level rise on coastal wetlands in 86 developing countries and territories. It is found that approximately 68 % of coastal wetlands in these countries are at risk. A large percentage of this estimated loss is found in Europe and Central Asia, East Asia, and the Pacific, as well as in the Middle East and North Africa. A small number of countries will be severely affected. China and Vietnam (in East Asia and the Pacific), Libya and Egypt (in the Middle East and North Africa), and Romania and Ukraine (in Europe and Central Asia) will bear most losses. In economic terms, the loss of coastal wetlands is likely to exceed $703 million per year in 2000 US dollars.