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Wei Gao Xiaolong Tang Honghong Yi Shanxue Jiang Qingjun Yu Xizhou Xie Ruijie Zhuang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(3):112-134
As the main contributor of the formation of particulate matter as well as ozone, volatile organic compounds(VOCs) greatly affect human health and the environmental quality. Catalytic combustion/oxidation has been viewed as an efficient, economically feasible and environmentally friendly way for the elimination of VOCs. Supported metal catalyst is the preferred type of catalysts applied for VOCs catalytic combustion because of the synergy between active components and support as well as its flexi... 相似文献
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TiO2纳米孔阵列光催化废水燃料电池的性能研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以模拟有机废水和实际有机废水为研究对象,以TiO2纳米孔阵列电极作光阳极,金属铂黑做阴极,设计了一种光催化废水燃料电池(PFC),用于有机废水处理和废水有机物化学能的综合利用.论文考查了不同实验条件下组成的电池体系的性能,表明基于TiO2纳米孔阵列光阳极的光催化废水燃料电池既能处理废水又能够表现出良好的电池性能,如以0.05mol/L乙酸为底物的光催化废水燃料电池,其开路电压1.16V,短路电流1.28mA/cm2,最大输出功率密度0.28mW/cm2. 相似文献
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S.M.Semenov 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1992,4(1):10-14
An integrated approach was developed to determine the critical levels of air pollution for ecological standard setting based on the unified index of biological response, by taking into account the effects of all pollution components simultaneously. An empirical model of plant productivity was taken as the dose response model for gaseous pollutant effect on the productivity of trees and the annual productivity of plants was used as the above mentioned index. The CO2 increase in the lower atmosphere was considered to potentially increase plant productivity and NO2 was estimated as neutral while being dangerous for plants as a chemical precursor of ozone or as a source of acidification. The maximum permissible chronic O3 and SO2 levels for trees were estimated and it was found that O3 is much more phytotoxic, as compared to SO2 , with a rather narrow range of permissible levels (27-33 ppb) which complicates its monitoring and control. 相似文献
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Cliff I. Davidson Chris T. Hendrickson H. Scott Matthews Michael W. Bridges David T. Allen Cynthia F. Murphy Braden R. Allenby John C. Crittenden Sharon Austin 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(7):698-701
The field of engineering is changing rapidly as the growing global population puts added demands on the earth's resources: engineering decisions must now account for limitations in materials and energy as well as the need to reduce discharges of wastes. This means educators must revise courses and curricula so engineering graduates are prepared for the new challenges as practicing engineers. The Center for Sustainable Engineering has been established to help faculty members accommodate such changes through workshops and new educational materials, including a free access website with peer-reviewed materials. 相似文献
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Nart Tuntawiroon Poonsab Samootsakorn Gritsanaruck Theeraraj 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》1984,11(3):203-212
An investigation was made to determine the feasibility of using the fiber of Rux (Calotropis gigantea), a common wild plant in Thailand, to make textile fabric. It was found that a mixture of Rux with cotton, as well as a mixture of Rux with synthetic fibers such as rayon or polyester, could be used to make textile fabrics of reasonable quality. As Rux is a weed growing everywhere without requirements for fertilizers and pesticides, the adoption of Rux as a source of fiber for the textile industry could bring large areas of presently unused marginal land under cultivation and might reduce the energy input to farming. Such a development could lead to a higher net income for farmers, as well as creating a new cottage industry to provide another source of income for the rural people of the third world. 相似文献
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本文以抚顺市1996年2005年的噪声监测资料为依据,分析了抚顺市的环境噪声污染现状、特征,指出存在的主要问题是:社会生活噪声突出、交通噪声污染显著。并据此探索合理的防治措施——噪声控制规划纳入城市发展规划及强化城市环境噪声管理。 相似文献
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Irmgard Ziegler 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1987,74(12):563-572
Pteridines were originally described as pigments of insects and lower vertebrates. The electron-donating function of tetrahydrobiopterin for aromatic amino acid hydroxylation and thus, for neurotransmitter biosynthesis adduced the participation of unconjugated pterins in cellular metabolism. There has been increasing evidence moreover that they are signal molecules for intercellular recognition in primitive eucaryotes, as well as modifiers of signal polypeptides in higher vertebrates. 相似文献
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殷晓波 《安全.健康和环境》2012,12(6):3-5
通过浮顶油罐密封结构优缺点的分析,找出浮顶油罐油气存在的空间及形成爆炸燃烧的原因,并结合实际提出了改进措施及浮顶油罐的火灾处置方法。 相似文献
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Review on utilization of biochar for metal-contaminated soil and sediment remediation 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Mingming Wang Yi Zhu Lirong Cheng Bruce Andserson Xiaohui Zhao Dayang Wang Aizhong Ding 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(1):156-173
Biochar is a carbon-neutral or even carbon-negative material produced through thermal decomposition of plant- and animal-based biomass under oxygen-limited conditions. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the application of biochar as an adsorbent, soil ameliorant and climate mitigation approach in many types of applications. Metal-contaminated soil remediation using biochar has been intensively investigated in small-scale and pilot-scale trials with obtained beneficial results and multifaceted effects. But so far, the study and application of biochar in contaminated sediment management has been very limited, and this is also a worldwide problem. Nonetheless, there is reason to believe that the same multiple benefits can also be realized with these sediments due to similar mechanisms for stabilizing contaminants. This paper provides a review on current biochar properties and its use as a sorbent/amendment for metal-contaminated soil/sediment remediation and its effect on plant growth, fauna habits as well as microorganism communities. In addition, the use of biochar as a potential strategy for contaminated sediment management is also discussed, especially as regards in-situ planning. Finally, we highlight the possibility of biochar application as an effective amendment and propose further research directions to ensure the safe and sustainable use of biochar as an amendment for remediation of contaminated soil and sediment. 相似文献
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Michel G. J. den Elzen Niklas Höhne Markus M. Hagemann Jasper van Vliet Detlef P. van Vuuren 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2010,15(5):433-465
The Bali Action Plan as adopted under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2007, states that Annex I (developed) countries should reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, based on comparable efforts. Within this context, we have explored various comparable effort approaches (for example, equal marginal abatement costs for all countries) for reducing emissions by the year 2020 for individual countries and regions. In all calculations, the total reduction for Annex I countries as a group is assumed to be 30% below 1990 levels. In the analysis, we compare the reduction targets as calculated from the different approaches with the emission reductions as pledged by these countries as part of the Copenhagen Accord, as drafted under the UNFCCC in 2009. Our analysis indicates that the different elements in these calculations may cause a diversity in outcomes and that, therefore, individual countries may favour certain elements over others. These elements include (a) the choice of the approach itself (the same approach may produce very different outcomes for countries with diverging national circumstances, such as Canada and Russia); (b) the reference year (such as 1990 or 2006 emissions, is very important for countries with an increase in emissions since 1990 (e.g. the United States, Canada) or for those that have lower emission levels (e.g. Russia, the Ukraine)); and (c) rules on land use (these are important for countries with large forest areas). It should be noted that the stringency of the individual countries’ reductions as pledged, differs substantially from the stringency of the reduction targets calculated from the effort-sharing approaches. The current pledges by both the European Union and the United States, are lower than the reductions that would be obtained in the effort-sharing approaches for a 30% overall reduction in Annex I countries. 相似文献
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Christian Kuhlicke Annett Steinführer Chloe Begg Chiara Bianchizza Michael Bründl Matthias Buchecker Bruna De Marchi Marina Di Masso Tarditti Corina Höppner Bla? Komac Louis Lemkow Jochen Luther Simon McCarthy Luigi Pellizzoni Ortwin Renn Anna Scolobig Meera Supramaniam Sue Tapsell Gisela Wachinger Gordon Walker Rebecca Whittle Matija Zorn Hazel Faulkner 《Environmental Science & Policy》2011,14(7):804-814
Social capacity building for natural hazards is a topic increasingly gaining relevance not only for so-called developing countries but also for European welfare states which are continuously challenged by the social, economic and ecological impacts of natural hazards. Following an outline of recent governance changes with regard to natural hazards, we develop a heuristic model of social capacity building by taking into account a wide range of existing expertise from different fields of research. Particular attention is paid to social vulnerability and its assessment, as well as to risk communication and risk education as specific strategies of social capacity building. We propose to distinguish between interventionist and participatory approaches, thus enabling for a better understanding of existing practices of social capacity building as well as their particular strengths and weaknesses. By way of conclusion, we encourage more research on social capacity building for natural hazards in the European context which at present is highly diverse and, at least in parts, only poorly investigated. 相似文献
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This study utilized liquefied gases(LG)as extractant to remove various organic contaminants including halogenated hydrocarbons and phenols as well as aromatic compounds from aqueous matrices.Orthogonal experiments were performed to optimize the operating conditions such as temperature,co-solvents and so on.Under favorable conditions,high removal efficiencies can be readily achieved for a great number of representative model organic contaminants,the removal efficiencies for most of the hydrophobic contaminants were greater than 90% in a single extraction stage.Tentative effort was also done for the removal of extracted contaminants from recycled liquefied gases. 相似文献
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Overthelastthreedecades,wastewatertreatmenttechnologieshavebeenimprovedgreatly ,but,meanwhile ,thesituationofwaterpollutionchangeswithtimesandpresentsaverycomplicatedtrendwiththerapidlydevelopingmodernindustriesandexpandedhumanactivities.Moreover,owingto… 相似文献
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比较系统地研究了疏浚污泥的各种参数 ,如渗透系数、浸出毒性、重金属含量等 ,以及作为垃圾覆盖土的可行性。研究结果表明 ,用该污泥作垃圾填埋场覆盖土的边坡稳定性能较好 ,基本上满足作为覆盖土的技术要求 ,使用后不会给垃圾渗滤液的处理增加负担。因此 ,以疏浚污泥作为生活垃圾填埋场覆盖土 ,可同时解决平原型填埋场缺土和疏浚污泥的最终出路问题。 相似文献
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降雨过程中气溶胶湿沉降的数值模拟 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8
为了参数化降雨湿去除气溶胶的过程,首先定量计算了雨滴和气溶胶的碰撞效率与它们尺度之间的依存关系,以及雨滴尺度谱满足对数正态分布时气溶胶的清除系数与其尺度的依存关系;然后利用多重Monte Carlo算法模拟了降雨过程中气溶胶尺度谱的时间演变过程,考察了气溶胶湿沉降过程与降雨类型和雨强的相关性.当雨滴尺度谱和气溶胶尺度谱均满足对数正态分布时,数值模拟的结果表明,典型的小雨、中雨和大雨过程对中等尺度气溶胶的湿去除效果均不理想,但都可以有效地湿去除大尺度气溶胶和小尺度气溶胶;3种降雨类型对大尺度气溶胶的湿去除效果均依次好于小尺度气溶胶和中等尺度气溶胶;对于任何尺度的气溶胶,雨强的增加将有利于其湿沉降. 相似文献
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采用雷诺数自准准则作为动力相似的判据,对冷却塔等建筑物及周围复杂地形进行风洞模拟.风洞实验采用1:1500的缩比模型,通过模拟实验,研究桃花江核电厂厂址冷却塔等建筑物及山体对厂址近场流场、放射性核素迁移扩散的影响,获得厂址近场大气扩散特征.实验表明:山体(建筑物)的存在引起流场的空气动力学畸变,越过山体(建筑物)各测点... 相似文献