共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Lawrence B. Cahill 《环境质量管理》1994,3(3):319-324
Good writing is never easy, but it is critical to the effectiveness of environmental audit reports. This article discusses ten issues to consider while producing audit reports that will enhance a company's quality effort. 相似文献
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Lawrence B. Cahill 《环境质量管理》1994,4(2):71-81
Both opening and closing conferences are crucial elements of an effective environmental audit program. As many firms reengineer their auditing process, focusing on the beginning and end points of the on-site process makes eminent sense. This article discusses a variety of issues that often arise during the preparation and conduct of opening and closing conferences that can ultimately affect the success of the audit. 相似文献
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S. C. Bhattacharya 《The Environmentalist》1992,12(3):187-189
Summary An energy audit is a fundamental step of the energy conservation programme in any industrial plant or energy consuming facility. An energy-cum-environment audit is an analogous step of a programme aimed at conserving energy in an energy consuming facility and keeping its impacts on the environment within acceptable limits.The energy-cum-environment audit allows a simultaneous consideration of energy and environmental aspects. As a result, it is possible to identify options to reduce the overall cost of energy as well as pollution control. Also some of the principles of energy cost reduction and pollution control are identical.Energy audit and environment audit involve measurement of certain parameters some of which are common to both. Thus for a boiler, both would require measurement of fuel flow and air flow, CO2 in the flue gas, etc. An energy-cum-environment audit would eliminate the repetitive measurement of these common parameters.Dr S.C. Bhattacharya is a member of staff in the Division of Energy Technology at the Asian Institute of Technology. 相似文献
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Conventional wisdom has advocated environmental auditing as a prudent part of an internal control program and one of the key tools in driving proactive efforts. As a part of risk management activities, it is often employed to protect an organization and its employees and officers from liability. Conscientious use of such audits has undoubtedly protected human health and the environment. Ironically, those who make the most consistent efforts to audit compliance and management systems, according to advocates of audit protection, may be the most vulnerable to enforcement actions and lawsuits. In this, the second part of a two-part article, we turn our attention to the likely solutions for audit protection in the current context. 相似文献
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Integrated soil-crop system management: reducing environmental risk while increasing crop productivity and improving nutrient use efficiency in China 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
During the past 47 yr (1961-2007), Chinese cereal production has increased by 3.2-fold, successfully feeding 22% of the global human population with only 9% of the world's arable land, but at high environmental cost and resource consumption. Worse, crop production has been stagnant since 1996 while the population and demand for food continue to rise. New advances for sustainability of agriculture and ecosystem services will be needed during the coming 50 yr to reduce environmental risk while increasing crop productivity and improving nutrient use efficiency. Here, we advocate and develop integrated soil-crop system management (ISSM). In this approach, the key points are (i) to take all possible soil quality improvement measures into consideration, (ii) to integrate the utilization of various nutrient resources and match nutrient supply to crop requirements, and (iii) to integrate soil and nutrient management with high-yielding cultivation systems. Recent field experiments have shed light on how ISSM can lead to significant increases in crop yields while increasing nutrient use efficiency and reducing environmental risk. 相似文献
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Víctor Corral-Verdugo Mirilia Bonnes César Tapia-Fonllem Blanca Fraijo-Sing Martha Frías-Armenta Giuseppe Carrus 《Journal of environmental psychology》2009
The concept of affinity towards diversity (ATD) is introduced and illustrated with two studies on the psychological drivers of pro-sustainability orientation and environmentally friendly behaviors. In light of the importance that biological and social ecological sciences assign to diversity within socio-ecological systems, ATD was conceptualized as an individual predisposition to appreciate the dynamic variety of human–nature interactions in everyday life situations. ATD implies valuing and liking biological and socio-cultural diversity, more than simply being respectful before or accepting differences in the social and physical contexts. Two different samples of Mexicans responded to a series of scales, one of them assessing ATD. The scale exhibited an acceptable level of internal consistency and it also showed construct validity, according to the results of two structural equation models. A first study showed that ATD significantly and negatively covaries with a scale of intolerance, and positively covaries with a measure of environmentally friendly behavior. A second study revealed also that ATD, together with other psychological factors (future orientation, altruism, emotions towards nature), forms the basis for a pro-sustainability orientation which, in turn, predicts environmentally friendly behaviors. 相似文献
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Robert A. Axelrod 《环境质量管理》1998,8(2):1-13
In response to new reporting regulations and mounting inquiries from various stakeholder groups, the private sector gave birth to a new communications vehicle approximately one decade ago: Corporate Environmental Performance Reports. In just a few short years, these reports took their place among the most important sources of information regarding a corporation's environmental performance. Over the past decade, the content, production values and strategic approach of these reports have evolved on a parallel with environmental management systems and practices. This article offers an overview of how the reports have evolved, what some of the state-of-the-art practices are, and where the discipline may be heading. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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Jill Suttie 《The Environmentalist》1984,4(4):295-299
Summary In the current push for wildland preservation it is imperative to consider the inherent value of wilderness as a medium for
improving psychological health. As Fritz Perls and other Gestalt psychologists have pointed out, we are living in an increasingly
complex social structure which is causing us to lose touch with our ‘inner voice’—the voice that Perls claimed could tell
us how to maintain organismic health and balance, if only we paid attention to it. He emphasized the need for an individual
to become self-aware and self-responsible in order to reach psychological maturity (internal versus external support). However
learning and developing self-awareness need not occur in a therapeutic setting alone. The process of personal growth may be
greatly expedited by spending time in a wilderness setting. Environmentalists have long known about the healing powers of
nature. From Thoreau to Abbey, they have pointed out the unique qualities of wilderness—simplicity and impartiality—which,
in contrast to a complex, value-governed society, make it an ideal setting for self-exploration and understanding. People
who experience the wilderness can return empowered to act as responsible, aware human beings, in a currently unhealthy, dehumanizing
society.
Ms. Suttie is a native of Northern California where the natural beauty of rugged coastline and wooded hills impressed upon
her the importance of preserving the environment. Ms. Suttie completed her undergraduate degree in Biochemistry-Molecular
Biology at the University of California, Santa Barbara (1981) and is presently involved in the master of Arts programme in
Confluent Education, also at UCSB. She is studying under the direction of Dr George Brow, a noted Gestalt therapist. She hopes
to combine the insights of the Gestalt approach with her particular interest—environmental education.
Ms. Suttie has traveled extensively in Europe and the US and spent a year at St. Andrew's University, Scotland while an undergraduate.
An avid backpacker, she has hiked the major mountain ranges of the Pacific northwest. Currently a resident of Santa Barbara,
California, she finds the nearby San Rafael Wilderness and the coastal ranges ideal as settings for testing out her theories
regarding the relationship between health and wilderness experience.
Little is to be expected of that day... to which we are not awakened by our Genius, but by the mechanical nudgings of some
servitor, are not awakened by our own newly acquired force and aspirations from within, accompanied by the undulations of
celestial music, instead of factory bells... 相似文献
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Curtis J. Johnson 《环境质量管理》1994,3(4):469-477
While some companies have established scoring systems within their audit programs, few utilize the full potential for measurement of the information gathered and subsequently produced from audits. In this article, the use of a computerized tracking system developed and used by Browning-Ferris Industries is discussed, along with a data report that details the completion of audit items and helps assure that action plans resulting from environmental audits are completed. This and other summary reports from the computer tracking system have provided meaningful measures of individual facilities' and overall company performance. 相似文献
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Environmental audit: III. Improving the management of environmental information for toxic substances
Environmental programs have been commonly driven by a preoccupation with the collection of data in the mistaken belief thatdata is synonymous withinformation. The distinction between data (that is, the quantified and qualitative attributes of a particular environment) and information (specifically, data processed so as to focus upon a particular environmental problem) will become far more important to environmental managers. They will increasingly manage their information through use of what has become known as information resource management (IRM) and the attendant use of critical success factors methodology. Environmental managers will thereby move away from concerns about data and specific EDP hardware and applications toward managing information as a valuable agency resource. In applying IRM, they will find it helpful to include a number of planning elements and to resolve early a number of issues critical to its successful use. 相似文献
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Henrik Lund 《Local Environment》1998,3(1):43-54
Recently the European Council agreed on a CO2 reduction target of 10% by the year 2010. In accordance with this, Denmark decided to reduce its CO2 emissions by 25% over the same time period. One important element of both the European and Danish agreements is energy saving in industries and in private households. Typically industries and private households are also expected to participate in other kinds of environmental improvements, e.g. waste treatment. Such improvements in environmental performances are normally accounted for. In industry, for example, green accounting or environmental auditing are techniques used to measure progress in environmental performance. But when it comes to the environmental performance of people or households very few book-keeping principles have been developed. This paper describes a Danish share-housing project's efforts to formulate an environmental policy and outline an environmental accounting system which can keep track of a household environmental record. It describes the environmental accounting methods, the results and experiences from its first five years. 相似文献
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The primary purpose of the study was to address the claim that people are more likely to walk to a transit stop if they live on a “walkable” block. An additional purpose was to evaluate the Irvine Minnesota Inventory (IMI) as an environmental audit tool. The IMI was used to measure walkability features of 19 blocks in a revitalizing neighborhood. We hypothesized that residents who walked to a light rail TRAX stop (n = 22) would live on blocks with higher walkability ratings compared to residents who did not walk to TRAX (nonriders, n = 15), or who walked only after a closer TRAX stop was built (new users, n = 11). A MANCOVA indicated the IMI scales differentiated the blocks; the strongest differences were obtained in subscales that measured the block's diversity, safety from crime and density (marginally significant). Participants' perceptions of their complete walk to the transit stop were consistent with the home block IMI scores, with the continuing riders having more positive views than the other two groups. The results show the ability of the IMI to distinguish among blocks in walkability, and support further use of this audit tool in environmental analyses and active living research. We end with a discussion of conceptual and methodological issues in the use of audit tools and provide recommendations for using these measures for local, immediate interests, as well as for building a broader science of environmental measurement. 相似文献
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Decisions focused on managing natural resources in developing areas present some of the most imposing challenges to policy makers, scientists, and stakeholders alike. The response of policy makers and the technical community in the face of these challenges has been significant. However, our experiences as researchers and facilitators of group planning and decision-making processes have left us concerned about the lack of attention devoted to supporting the underlying processes used to make these complex decisions. To this end, we present five propositions based on work in the decision sciences that we believe stand out as essential for improving decision-making processes in developing communities. 相似文献