共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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中国水环境管理体制改革初探 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文从对中国水环境体制结症分析入手,提出了中国水环境管理在体制上存在的主要问题;同时收集整理了国际上在水环境管理方面具有代表性的11个国家水环境管理体制方面的资料,系统分析了这些国家在国家级、流域级与区域级的水环境管理体制与主要采取的水环境管理模式;并以此为依据,提出了我国水环境管理体制改革所需遵循的基本原则与改革方向。 相似文献
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水环境管理在国家的环境保护中具有极为重要的地位,国外在水环境管理方面有成熟的经验和新的发展趋势。通过分析国外在水环境管理方面的先进经验和发展趋势及我国水环境管理现状,提出以流域管理为中心、加强立法保证等建议。并强调,借鉴国外水环境管理的先进经验,以流域管理为基础,以水资源管理和水污染控制—体化为目标的管理模式是解决我国水环境管理存在问题的必然途径。 相似文献
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宿迁市位于淮河下游,水环境安全形势比较严峻.简要介绍了宿迁市的水环境概况,着重分析了水污染现状和主要的水环境问题,并提出了水环境安全管理和污染防治的建议. 相似文献
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新形势下改革和加强中国环境保护管理体制的思考 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中国现行的环境保护管理体制已无法适应日益复杂化的环境问题,改革和强化环境保护管理体制已迫在眉睫.分析了中国进行环境保护管理体制改革的必要性,提出了改革和强化体制的总体目标和基本思路,进而从管理体系、法律体系、运行机制和能力建设等方面论述了改革和强化环境保护管理体制的建议对策. 相似文献
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在简要介绍沭阳县水环境概况后,着重分析了该县的水污染现状和主要的水环境问题,并针对性地提出了一些水环境安全管理和污染防治的建议,建立淮河流域水环境安全协调机制和沭阳水环境保护机制,完善水质监测,加强工业、农业和生活污染的防治,建立清污分流系统,并加强宣传教育等项工作. 相似文献
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科学制定和实施有效的水污染防治规划,是改善中国流域水环境质量的主要措施之一.对中国"九五"和"十五"期间的流域水污染防治规划实施状况进行了评估,分析了规划制订与实施过程中存在的相关问题,提出了改进中国流域水污染防治规划制定和实施的相关对策.分析结果表明,中国重点流域水污染防治规划实施状况较差,突出表现为控制目标没有达到、投资额不能到位和项目实施率较低等现象.通过对制约规划实施效果的主要因素的深入分析,发现规划目标可达性较差、数据可靠性较低、规划技术方法以及监管体制、环境标准和法律法规等不完善问题是制约规划成功实施的关键性要素.针对上述问题,分别提出了规划体系、管理体制、投资方式、监督管理、标准体系建设以及法律法规完善等方面的改善建议与对策. 相似文献
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对粤西某石化城河段几种主要污染物进行了容量计算 ,发现即使工业污染源全部达标 ,其水质状况与目标的差距仍较大 ,据此提出小容量河流的观点。为保护水环境 ,结合流域实际情况 ,本文提出改变以往单纯依靠工业污染源达标控制手段 ,而采用多手段相结合的综合管理模式来改善水环境的观点 ,并以中长期水环境规划年内目标值为依据 ,分析了本方法的有效性、经济性和可操作性 ,由此对其他具相似条件小容量河流的城市水环境管理起到借鉴性作用。 相似文献
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地下水环境管理与污染防治技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
归纳了造成地下水污染的主要污染源,分析了污染物入渗的主要途径,探讨了污染物在土壤及地下水中迁移转化过程,提出了加强污染源管理,保护地下水环境的技术措施。 相似文献
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粤西某市小容量河流水污染综合控制研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对粤西某石化城河段几种主要污染物进行了容量计算,发现即使工业污染源全部达标,其水质状况与目标的差距仍较大,据此提出小容量河流的观点。为保护水环境,结合流域实际情况,本文提出改变以往单纯依靠工业污染源达标控制手段,而采用多手段相结合的综合管理模式来改善水环境的观点,并以中长期水环境规划年内目标值为依据,分析了本方法的有效性、经济性和可操作性,由此对其他具相似条件小容量河流的城市水环境管理起到借鉴性作用。 相似文献
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基于因特网的危险废物转移联单系统研究与开发 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
危险废物转移联单是跟踪危险废物转移和处理处置的基本方法 ,也是实施危险废物全过程管理的有效工具。然而 ,目前使用的纸质联单系统 ,运行过程繁杂、周期长、耗费人力和物力 ,与现代化管理不相适应。本文提出了符合中国国情的电子化转移联单解决方案 ,论述了系统的设计开发过程和运行情况。这一系统采用了因特网技术 ,能实现联单运行的电子化和自动化 ,简化运行过程 ,提高效率 ,为我国危险废物转移的电子化管理奠定了基础 相似文献
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Since China has the largest population in the world, the available water resources per capita in China are very limited. With
the rapid economic development that is currently occurring, the shortage of water resources at the national level has become
extremely critical. How to solve the problems due to water scarcity and water pollution has received increasing attention
from the Chinese government and various communities. In order to provide a sustainable development environment for 1.6 billion
people in the future, the whole country has started to reform urban water resources management systems in terms of related
policies, regulations, methodologies, and technologies focusing on improving the efficiency and effectiveness in water use.
Urban water quota management has now become a core strategy in developing a water resources governance model for water demand
management aiming at establishing a water-saving society. This paper introduces the main stages and the processes of implementing
water quota management in China, analyzes the basic principles, and expounds the elements, information foundation, core module
and operational model of the urban water quota management system. It has been demonstrated that urban water quota management
has made some remarkable contribution not only in transforming the pattern of water mode and strengthening water management
enforcement but also in integrating various management methods in saving water and preventing pollution. 相似文献
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Temporal variations of surface water quality in urban, suburban and rural areas during rapid urbanization in Shanghai, China 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
As the economic and financial center of China, Shanghai has experienced an extensive urban expansion since the early 1980s, with an attendant cost in environmental degradation. We use an integrated pollution index to study the temporal variations of surface water quality in urban, suburban and rural areas between 1982 and 2005. Data on monitored cross-sections were collected from the Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center. The results indicated that the spatial pattern of surface water quality was determined by the level of urbanization. Surface water qualities in urban and suburban areas were improved by strengthening the environmental policies and management, but were worsening in rural areas. The relationship between economic growth and surface water quality in Shanghai showed an inversed-U-shaped curve, which reflected a similar pattern in most developed countries. This research suggests that decision makers and city officials should be more aware of the recent pollution increases in Shanghai. 相似文献
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流域综合水管理是发达国家普遍采用的管理模式,主要手段之一是制定流域水环境保护总体规划.流域水环境保护总体规划是流域各相关利益方就流域社会经济发展与水环境保护达成的决策,是其他所有规划制定的基础和依据,核心内容是规划目标的确定.流域水环境保护总体规划是流域综合管理的决策平台和信息共享平台,是环境保护的刚性约束,为流域水资源开发利用划定红线.流域水环境保护总体规划是目标导向型的,通过指标体系指导省级行政区负责制定的小流域水环境保护规划,协调流域内省级行政区国民经济和社会发展规划、土地利用总体规划、城市总体规划等其他部门规划.中国目前缺乏流域水环境保护总体规划,基于此提出了国家级流域水环境保护总体规划的一般模式,包括基本内容、规划文本和规划实施3个部分.流域水环境保护总体规划实施的主要手段是审批小流域水环境保护规划. 相似文献
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农业管理实践对除草剂环境行为的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
除草剂的土壤环境行为与受人为控制的农业管理实践有密切的关系。本文通过文献调研综合分析了农田灌溉、耕作制度、施肥、作物秸秆还田和除草剂施用量等农业管理实践对除草剂土壤环境行为的影响 ,并据此提出了减轻除草剂污染地下水的若干思路。 相似文献
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Peter J. Peterson W. Peter Williams 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(4):225-232
Measurements of urban air quality at monitoring stations in developed countries have frequently involved the criteria gaseous
pollutants, particulates, hazardous air pollutants, perceived air quality and relevant meteorological conditions. Large numbers
of indicators have therefore been established to quantify emissions, concentrations and environmental and human health impacts
of each of these groups of substances. To simplify the data for management, several indicators have been grouped together
to form urban air quality indices but the weightings of individual variables is contentious.
In industrialising and developing countries, data may be limited and traditional air pollutant indicators cannot often be
constructed. The emphasis therefore has to be placed on the development of policy-relevant indicators, such as Response Indicators
that reflect different policy principles for regulating air pollutant emissions. Indices that quantify the air quality management
capabilities and capacities at the city level provide further useful decision-relevant tools. Four sets of indices, namely,
1. air quality measurement capacity, 2. data assessment and availability, 3. emissions estimates, and 4. management enabling
capabilities, and a composite index to evaluate air quality management capability, were constructed and applied to 80 cities.
The indices revealed that management capability varied widely between the cities. In some of the cities, existing national
knowledge on urban air quality could have been more effectively used for management.
It was concluded that for effective urban air quality management, a greater emphasis should be given, not just to monitoring
and data capture programmes, but to the development of indicators and indices that empower decision-makers to initiate management
response strategies. Over-reliance on restricted, predetermined sets of traditional air quality indicators should be avoided. 相似文献