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原子荧光光谱法测定蔬菜样吕中铅 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
铅作为一种对人体有害元素,在蔬菜样品中必须被检测。应用原子荧光光度计检测铅中的含量,具有取样量少、灵敏度高、检出限低等优点,先例于环境样品的分析检测。 相似文献
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固相微萃取(SPME)技术在水质监测中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
固相微萃取技术(SPME)作为一种样品前处理技术,具有方便、快捷、不使用有机溶剂、灵敏度高、价格低廉等优点,已被广泛地应用于环境样品的分析.本文综合评述了采用SPME法预处理环境水体中的有机物、无机离子等污染物的监测情况,并对SPME法在环境水质监测中的应用以及对国外的研究进展进行了展望. 相似文献
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为改进环境标准HJ 680-2013检测方法,采用原子荧光光谱法测定混合酸水浴消解法前处理土壤和沉积物样品中痕量汞、砷、硒、铋和锑元素。以GBW07430、GBW07446、GBW07452探讨15种混合酸消解体系对不同类型样品痕量元素测定结果的影响,筛选得到采用盐酸-硝酸-硫酸-高氯酸-过氧化氢(体积比为4∶2∶0.5∶0.5∶0.5)体系为消解液的痕量检测最佳实验条件。水浴法消解前处理,消解时间为1.0h,处理时间为2.5h。5种元素的质量浓度范围在0.10~10.0 mg/kg线性相关系数大于0.999,检出限范围0.002~0.025 mg/kg,定量限范围0.008~0.100 mg/kg,测定结果的相对标准偏差范围为1.45%~5.19%,样品加标回收率范围为89.2%~119%。经国家一级土壤成分分析标准物质验证该方法,并成功应用于环境中农业与建筑用土壤及管道淤泥沉积物实际样品的前处理,结果准确可靠,适用多元素一次处理,解决高通量样品的测定需求,满足环境检测分析工作。 相似文献
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在进行环境研究时,常需分析食品、饲料、动植物组织以及其他生物试样中的多种痕量元素,因此,希望一份样品在预处理之后,能分析尽可能多的元素。目前,生物样品的预处理不外乎干消化法和湿消化法两种。湿消化法使用硝酸或硝酸一高氯酸等来消化破坏有机物,最大的缺点是费时、费试剂,还可能带来试剂、容器和环境的污染以及某些元素挥发损失。有人采用回流装 相似文献
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There is a critical need for highly sensitive, cost-effective sensors to conduct ecological analyses for environmental and homeland security-related applications. Enzyme biosensors, which are currently gaining acceptance for environmental monitoring applications, need improvements to deliver faster measurements with stabilized sensing elements, e.g., enzymes. We report here on a method which significantly overcomes this difficulty, and demonstrate its application in a biosensor for aquatic environmental applications. A fast-responding and stable biosensor was developed via immobilization of organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) in functionalized mesoporous silica (FMS) with pore sizes in tens of nanometers. The OPH-FMS composite was held on glassy carbon electrode by a dried Nafion gel and FMS protected OPH from Nafion-resulted activity loss. The resulting enzyme biosensor, when integrated with an electrochemical instrument, responded rapidly to low paraoxon concentration and achieved steady-state current in less than 10 s, with a detection limit of 4.0x10(-7) M paraoxon. The biosensor was tested for detection of paraoxon in simulated environmental samples, under wide-ranging physicochemical conditions. Results clearly indicate high recovery efficiencies in aqueous solutions (96 to 101%) at different pH, total organic carbon, total dissolved solids, and total suspended solids, and demonstrate the ability of the biosensor unit to continuously monitor paraoxon in aqueous conditions similar to those found in river and lake systems. 相似文献
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As industrial chemicals, organotin compounds are predominantly applied as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) stabilizers and biocides. They are widely encountered in environmental samples and may be introduced into landfills by disposal of municipal solid waste or sewage sludge. In the present study, leachate samples were obtained from several sanitary landfill sites in Sweden, Italy, and Germany. These samples were analyzed by means of a highly sensitive and species-selective method for methyltin, butyltin, and octyltin species. In total, twelve samples from eight different landfill sites at various ages were investigated. The findings of all target compounds range between less than the limit of detection at 0.1 microg/L and, at maximum, 4 microg/L. Only octyltin compounds can be attributed to PVC products with any certainty, whereas for methyltin and butyltin compounds alternative and less distinct sources exist. Organotin compounds are subject to microbial transformation, such as dealkylation and methylation processes. Consequently, caution should be exercised when attributing findings to potential sources and deriving any predicted environmental concentrations. 相似文献
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Application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis for determination of monensin in environmental samples 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
There is growing concern that antibiotic use in livestock production is contributing to contamination of soil and aquatic environments. Monensin, a polyether ionophore antibiotic, accounts for approximately 13% of total subtherapeutic livestock antibiotic usage in the USA and has been widely detected in aquatic environments. Due to insufficient ultraviolet absorbance, liquid chromatography analysis of monensin in environmental samples is limited to equipment with mass spectrometry (e.g., liquid chomatography-mass spectrometry [LC-MS]). However, LC-MS equipment is costly, and extensive sample preparation and clean-up is often required. Rapid, low-cost analytical techniques are needed to monitor for monensin residues in the environment. In this study, a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting monensin in animal feed extracts was evaluated for determination of monensin in water, soil, and manure. The monensin ELISA was highly sensitive, with limits of detection and quantification at 1.5 and 3.0 microg L(-1), respectively. Recovery of monensin in spiked water samples was approximately 100%. Cross-reactivity was not observed with similar polyether ionophores, tetracyclines, macrolides, or sulfonamides. Concentrations of monensin using ELISA were greater than concentrations measured with LC-MS. This is attributed to cross-reactivity of the monensin ELISA toward structurally similar monensin compounds, such as factors (slight naturally produced structural variants) and metabolites. Results from this study showed that ELISA can be a reliable, rapid, and low-cost alternative to LC-MS analysis of environmental samples. 相似文献
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Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for ultratrace determination of antibiotics in aqueous samples 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Two commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits that are commonly used for tylosin or tetracycline residues in meat and milk were adapted for ultratrace analysis of these antibiotics in surface and ground waters. These two antibiotics are commonly fed to swine, turkeys, and cattle at subtherapeutic doses for growth promotion purposes. Both ELISA techniques were found to be highly sensitive and selective for the respective antibiotics with detection limits of 0.10 and 0.05 microg L(-1) for tylosin and tetracycline, respectively. The recovery of both tylosin and tetracycline from spiked samples of lake waters, runoff samples, soil saturation extracts, and nanopure water was close to 100%. Tetracycline ELISA was highly specific for tetracycline and chlortetracycline but not for other forms of tetracycline (oxytetracycline, demeclocycline, and doxycycline). Analysis of a few liquid swine manure samples by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) showed lower concentrations for chlortetracycline as compared with concentrations obtained using ELISA. However, the concentrations of tylosin from ELISA were comparable with that of LC-MS. The lower concentrations of chlortetracycline obtained by LC-MS in manure samples indicate the presence of other similar or transformed compounds that were detected by ELISA but not determined by LC-MS. These results indicate that both ELISA kits can be useful tools for low-cost screening of tylosin, tetracycline, and chlortetracycline in environmental waters. Furthermore, both ELISA procedures are rapid, portable, and easily adaptable for testing of multiple samples simultaneously. 相似文献
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付晓燕 《环境保护与循环经济》2021,41(1)
建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱对水中5种磺胺类抗生素的测定分析方法。将水样经固相萃取后进样,经ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm)分离后,采用串联质谱电喷雾电离(ESI+),多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,内标法定量。方法的线性范围为5.0~100.0μg/L,线性相关系数均大于0.995,样品100倍浓缩后,检出限低至0.009μg/L;在5.0~100.0μg/L范围内,高中低3个水平的加标回收率为80.2%~90.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.3%~12.0%。该方法能够满足《国务院关于印发水污染防治行动计划的通知》限制使用抗生素等化学药品开展专项整治的需要,是一种高效、准确、灵敏度高的方法。 相似文献
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90Sr是高毒性的纯β放射性核素,其物理半衰期和生物半衰期长,环境气溶胶中的90Sr通过吸入途径进入人体,对人类的危害主要为长时间积集在人体骨骼中并很难排出。在多堆型核设施运行场址中环境气溶胶的测定是辐射环境监测的重要内容,也是评价核设施运行对环境影响的重要指标。为了科学评价环境气溶胶中测量结果的准确性和可靠性,进行了气溶胶中90Sr分析测量不确定度评定的方法研究,通过计算模型识别不确定度的来源,并对各分量进行量化分析,计算合成标准不确定度;结合典型样品分析实例,对环境气溶胶中90Sr分析测量的不确定度进行了评定,气溶胶中的分析测量采用的是色层萃取的方法,利用草酸钇沉淀制成样品源,测量样品中β计数率。不确定度评定结果表明:环境气溶胶中90Sr分析测量不确定度的来源主要有样品净计数率,探测效率,化学回收率,样品取样体积,测量期间半衰期修正;典型实例分析结果显示环境气溶胶中的相对标准不确定度可控制在15%内。文章中不确定度评定方法为气溶胶90Sr分析测量结果的不确定度评定提供参考。 相似文献